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Infectious Disease: Endemics

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Total 155 results found since Jan 2013.

Significance of HbA1c Test in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Diabetic Patients.
Abstract Diabetes is a global endemic with rapidly increasing prevalence in both developing and developed countries. The American Diabetes Association has recommended glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as a possible substitute to fasting blood glucose for diagnosis of diabetes. HbA1c is an important indicator of long-term glycemic control with the ability to reflect the cumulative glycemic history of the preceding two to three months. HbA1c not only provides a reliable measure of chronic hyperglycemia but also correlates well with the risk of long-term diabetes complications. Elevated HbA1c has also been regarded as an i...
Source: Biomarker Insights - July 12, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Sherwani SI, Khan HA, Ekhzaimy A, Masood A, Sakharkar MK Tags: Biomark Insights Source Type: research

Urban climate versus global climate change —what makes the difference for dengue?
The expansion in the geographical distribution of vector‐borne diseases is a much emphasized consequence of climate change, as are the consequences of urbanization for diseases that are already endemic, which may be even more important for public health. In this paper, we focus on dengue, the most widespread urban vector‐borne disease. Largely urban with a tropical/subtropical distribution and vectored by a domesticated mosquito, Aedes aegypti, dengue poses a serious public health threat. Temperature plays a determinant role in dengue epidemic potential, affecting crucial parts of the mosquito and viral life cycles. Th...
Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences - May 18, 2016 Category: Science Authors: Renaud Misslin, Olivier Telle, Eric Daud é, Alain Vaguet, Richard E. Paul Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

PiB-PET detects transthyretin-related cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Transthyretin (TTR) is an amyloidogenic protein synthesized primarily (>95%) by the liver and, to a lesser extent, by the choroid plexuses and retinal pigment epithelium. Hereditary TTR amyloidosis (ATTR) is a multisystem disorder that may manifest with 3 main clinical phenotypes: familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP), familial amyloid cardiomyopathy, and familial leptomeningeal amyloidosis.1 TTR-FAP is the most common presentation. More than 130 autosomal dominant mutations cause ATTR, with the Val30Met mutation being the most frequent variant worldwide: prevalence of up to 1:1,000 in endemic regions of Portugal, Swede...
Source: Neurology - August 21, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Cavallaro, T., Klunk, W. Tags: PET, Peripheral neuropathy, All Cerebrovascular disease/Stroke, All Genetics EDITORIALS Source Type: research

Epilepsy in Qatar: Causes, treatment, and outcome
Publication date: October 2016 Source:Epilepsy & Behavior, Volume 63 Author(s): Naim Haddad, Gayane Melikyan, Hassan Al Hail, Ayman Al Jurdi, Faten Aqeel, Abdullah Elzafarany, Nour Abuhadra, Mujahed Laswi, Yasser Alsamman, Basim Uthman, Dirk Deleu, Boulenouar Mesraoua, Gonzalo Alarcon, Nabil Azar, Leopold Streletz, Ziyad Mahfoud Objective Qatar is a small country on the Eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Its population is a unique mixture of native citizens and immigrants. We aimed to describe the features of epilepsy in Qatar as such information is virtually lacking from the current literature. Methods We su...
Source: Epilepsy and Behavior - August 30, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Epilepsy in Qatar: Causes, treatment, and outcome.
Abstract OBJECTIVE: Qatar is a small country on the Eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Its population is a unique mixture of native citizens and immigrants. We aimed to describe the features of epilepsy in Qatar as such information is virtually lacking from the current literature. METHODS: We summarized information retrospectively collected from 468 patients with epilepsy seen through the national health system adult neurology clinic. RESULTS: Epilepsy was classified as focal in 65.5% of the cases and generalized in 23%. Common causes of epilepsy were as follows: stroke (9%), hippocampal sclerosis (...
Source: Epilepsy and Behaviour - August 29, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Haddad N, Melikyan G, Al Hail H, Al Jurdi A, Aqeel F, Elzafarany A, Abuhadra N, Laswi M, Alsamman Y, Uthman B, Deleu D, Mesraoua B, Alarcon G, Azar N, Streletz L, Mahfoud Z Tags: Epilepsy Behav Source Type: research

DSM-5 Insomnia and Short Sleep: Comorbidity Landscape and Racial Disparities
Conclusions:Insomnia disorder with short sleep is the most severe phenotype of insomnia and comorbid with many cardiometabolic and psychiatric illnesses, whereas morbidity profiles are highly similar between insomniacs with normal sleep duration and former insomniacs. Short sleep endemic to black Americans increases risk for the short sleep insomnia phenotype and likely contributes to racial disparities in cardiometabolic disease and psychiatric illness.Citation:Kalmbach DA, Pillai V, Arnedt JT, Drake CL. DSM-5 insomnia and short sleep: comorbidity landscape and racial disparities.SLEEP 2016;39(12):2101–2111.
Source: Sleep - December 1, 2016 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research

Extracts from Dendropanax morbifera Leaves Have Modulatory Effects on Neuroinflammation in Microglia.
Abstract Dendropanax morbifera (D. morbifera), a species endemic to Korea, is largely distributed throughout the southern part of the country. Its leaves, stems, roots, and seeds have been used as a form of alternative medicine for various diseases and neurological disorders including paralysis, stroke, and migraine. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the remedial effects of D. morbifera remain largely unknown. In this paper, extracts from D. morbifera leaves were prepared using ethyl acetate as a solvent (abbreviated as DMLE). The modulatory effects of DMLE on neuroinflammation were studied in a lipo...
Source: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine - December 16, 2016 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Shim HJ, Park S, Lee JW, Park HJ, Baek SH, Kim EK, Yu SW Tags: Am J Chin Med Source Type: research

Clinical and etiological profile of epilepsy in elderly: a hospital-based study from rural India
AbstractTo determine the clinical profile and etiology of epilepsy in elderly patients in rural population of India which is in a phase of demographic transition with steadily growing geriatric population. A cross-sectional, prospective, hospital-based clinicoepidemiological study was performed from October 2014 to November 2015. Patients having onset of epilepsy after 60  years were incorporated in the study. We excluded the acute symptomatic seizures. One hundred and ten patients were enrolled and were divided into three standard subgroups: subgroup A (aged 60–70), subgroup B (aged 71–80), and subgroup C (aged 81–...
Source: Acta Neurologica Belgica - February 28, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

575 Rapid changes in the red meat and α-Gal specific IgE-RAST level profile in the clinical course of a case with red meat allergy and Haemaphysalis longicornis bite
A case with stroke was referred to our hospital with two ticks attached on her right arm. Five days after admission, she started slurry food including red meat, and developed generalized urticarial rash. Then, she was diagnosed having urticarial allergic reaction to red meat, and red meat was eliminated from her hospital diet. The eruption disappeared within 3 days without systemic corticosteroid therapy. Her rash didn ’t recur during 4 months hospitalization. High prevalence of urticarial type red meat allergy was reported in the endemic area of Japanese spotted fever, which is mediated by Haemaphysalis longicornis (H.
Source: Journal of Investigative Dermatology - April 12, 2017 Category: Dermatology Authors: M. Kondo, K. Yamanaka, H. Mizutani Tags: Innate Immunity, Microbiology, Inflammation Source Type: research

Zika associated Guillain-Barre syndrome in the United States (P2.327)
Conclusions:Zika can induce GBS after a brief viral illness. Neuropathy can be a mixture of demyelinating and axonal. Dysautonomia may also be present including severe dysphagia, orthostatics and retention.Zika RNA has a short detection window in serum and CSF making a diagnosis time sensitive. Serological assays using IgM and IgG cross-react with other flaviviruses making them unable to differentiate between recent Zika exposure and cross reactivity with Dengue and Chikungunya. Our pt likely had prior exposure to Dengue, being from an endemic area. Prior Dengue exposure may possibly modulate the response to Zika via antib...
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Tantillo, G., Sclar, G., Vasa, C., Shin, S., Sivak, M. Tags: Zika, Chikungunya, West Nile Virus, and Other Viral Infections I Source Type: research

Endocrine Disruptors and Health Effects in Africa: A Call for Action
Conclusion: To address the many challenges posed by EDCs, we argue that Africans should take the lead in prioritization and evaluation of environmental hazards, including EDCs. We recommend the institution of education and training programs for chemical users, adoption of the precautionary principle, establishment of biomonitoring programs, and funding of community-based epidemiology and wildlife research programs led and funded by African institutes and private companies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1774 Received: 16 February 2017 Revised: 22 May 2017 Accepted: 24 May 2017 Published: 22 August 2017 Address correspond...
Source: EHP Research - August 23, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Commentary Source Type: research

Real-life experience with hydroxyurea in sickle cell disease: A multicenter study in a cohort of patients with heterogeneous descent
Publication date: Available online 9 October 2017 Source:Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases Author(s): Paolo Rigano, Lucia De Franceschi, Laura Sainati, Antonio Piga, Frédéric B. Piel, Maria Domenica Cappellini, Carmelo Fidone, Nicoletta Masera, Giovanni Palazzi, Barbara Gianesin, Gian Luca Forni We conducted the first nation-wide cohort study of sickle cell disease (SCD) in Italy, a Southern European country exposed to intense recent flux migration from endemic areas for SCD. We evaluate the impact of hydroxyurea on a total of 652 pediatric and adult patients from 33 Reference Centers for SCD (mean age 24.5±15years,...
Source: Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases - October 9, 2017 Category: Hematology Source Type: research

Outcomes of long term treatments of type I hereditary angioedema in a Turkish family
Conclusion: Patients with C1-INH hereditary angioedema may be misdiagnosed as having familial Mediterranean fever in regions where the disorder is endemic. Medical history, suspicion of hereditary angioedema and laboratory evaluations of patients and their family members lead the correct diagnoses of hereditary angioedema. Danazol and C1 replacement treatments provide significant reduction in hereditary angioedema attacks.
Source: Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia - November 17, 2017 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research

The clinical epidemiology of sickle cell anemia in Africa
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Source: American Journal of Hematology - November 23, 2017 Category: Hematology Authors: Alex W Macharia, George Mochamah, Sophie Uyoga, Carolyne M Ndila, Gideon Nyutu, Johnstone Makale, Metrine Tendwa, Emily Nyatichi, John Ojal, Mohammed Shebe, Kennedy O Awuondo, Neema Mturi, Norbert Peshu, Benjamin Tsofa, J Anthony G Scott, Kathryn Maitland Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Mechanisms and Drug Development in Atrial Fibrillation.
Abstract Atrial fibrillation is a highly prevalent cardiac arrhythmia and the most important cause of embolic stroke. Although genetic studies have identified an increasing assembly of AF-related genes, the impact of these genetic discoveries is yet to be realized. In addition, despite more than a century of research and speculation, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying AF have not been established, and therapy for AF, particularly persistent AF, remains suboptimal. Current antiarrhythmic drugs are associated with a significant rate of adverse events, particularly proarrhythmia, which may explain why m...
Source: Pharmacological Reviews - June 24, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Calvo D, Filgueiras-Rama D, Jalife J Tags: Pharmacol Rev Source Type: research