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Specialty: Neurology
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Total 1309 results found since Jan 2013.

Progesterone improves long-term functional and histological outcomes after permanent stroke in older rats.
Abstract Previous studies have shown progesterone to be beneficial in animal models of central nervous system injury, but less is known about its longer-term sustained effects on recovery of function following stroke. We evaluated progesterone's effects on a panel of behavioral tests up to 8 weeks after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Male Sprague-Dawley rats 12m.o. were subjected to pMCAO and, beginning 3h post-pMCAO, given intraperitoneal injections of progesterone (8mg/kg) or vehicle, followed by subcutaneous injections at 8h and then every 24h for 7 days, with tapering of the last 2 treatme...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - February 24, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Wali B, Ishrat T, Stein DG, Sayeed I Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Cardioembolic Stroke
This article summarizes the different causes of cardioembolism and outlines current management guidelines. Recent Findings: Since cardioembolic stroke is not a single disease entity, its diagnosis requires initial clinical suspicion and a comprehensive evaluation, including ECG, echocardiography, brain imaging, and cardiac monitoring. Atrial fibrillation is the most common cause of cardioembolic stroke, and anticoagulation is usually recommended. This article reviews risk stratification models to assist in the decision-making process and highlights the increased use of novel oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in at...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - February 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Inherited and Uncommon Causes of Stroke
This article is a practical guide to identifying uncommon causes of stroke and offers guidance for evaluation and management, even when large controlled trials are lacking in these rarer forms of stroke. Recent Findings: Fabry disease causes early-onset stroke, particularly of the vertebrobasilar system; enzyme replacement therapy should be considered in affected patients. Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), often misdiagnosed as multiple sclerosis, causes migraines, early-onset lacunar strokes, and dementia. Moyamoya disease can cause either ischemic or he...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - February 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke
This article reviews the actual indications for mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke and how the opportunities for endovascular therapy can be expanded by using the concept of clinical-imaging or perfusion-imaging mismatch (as a surrogate for salvageable tissue) rather than time of ischemia. RECENT FINDINGS Six randomized controlled trials undoubtedly confirmed the benefits of using endovascular thrombectomy on the clinical outcome of patients with stroke with large vessel occlusion within 6 hours from symptom onset compared with those receiving only standard medical care. In a meta-analysis of...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - April 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults
This article reviews current knowledge on epidemiology, risk factors and causes, diagnostic considerations, management, and prognosis of ischemic stroke in young adults (those 55 years old and younger). RECENT FINDINGS The incidence of ischemic stroke in young adults has been increasing since the 1980s, which has occurred in parallel with increasing prevalence of vascular risk factors and substance abuse among the younger population. Young adults have a considerably wider range of risk factors than older patients, including age-specific factors such as pregnancy/puerperium and oral contraceptive use. Behavioral risk fac...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - April 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Predictors of Function, Activity, and Participation of Stroke Patients Undergoing Intensive Rehabilitation: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study Protocol
Discussion: By identifying data-driven prognosis prediction models in stroke rehabilitation, this study might contribute to the development of patient-oriented therapy and to optimize rehabilitation outcomes.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03968627. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03968627?term=Cecchi&cond=Stroke&draw=2&rank=2.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 8, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Stroke care in Italy at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic: a lesson to learn
AbstractFrom March to May 2020, the Italian health care system, as many others, was almost entirely devoted to the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, a number of questions arose, from the increased stroke risk due to COVID-19 infection to the quality of stroke patient care. The overwhelming need of COVID-19 patient management made mandatory a complete re-organization of the stroke pathways: many health professionals were reallocated and a number of stroke units was turned into COVID-19 wards. As a result, acute stroke care suffered from a shortage of services and delays in time-dependent treatments and d...
Source: Journal of Neurology - June 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Improved stroke care in a primary stroke centre using AI-decision support
Conclusions Use of artificial intelligence decision support in a hyperacute stroke pathway facilitates decision-making and can improve rate and time of reperfusion therapies in a hub-and-spoke system of care.
Source: Cerebrovascular Diseases Extra - February 8, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Identification of a miRNA –mRNA regulatory network for post-stroke depression: a machine-learning approach
ConclusionThe study highlighted gene signatures for PSD with three genes (SPATA2, ZNF208, and YTHDC1) and four upstream miRNAs (miR-6883-5p, miR-6873-3p, miR-4776-3p, and miR-6738-3p). These biomarkers could further our understanding of the pathogenesis of PSD.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - July 17, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Post-stroke protection from maladaptive effects of learning with the non-paretic forelimb by bimanual home cage experience in C57BL/6 mice.
Abstract Behavioral experience, in the form of skilled limb use, has been found to impact the structure and function of the central nervous system, affecting post-stroke behavioral outcome in both adaptive and maladaptive ways. Learning to rely on the less-affected, or non-paretic, body side is common following stroke in both humans and rodent models. In rats, it has been observed that skilled learning with the non-paretic forelimb following ischemic insult leads to impaired or delayed functional recovery of the paretic limb. Here we used a mouse model of focal motor cortical ischemic injury to examine the effects...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - June 8, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Kerr AL, Wolke ML, Bell JA, Jones TA Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Transient focal cerebral ischemia induces long-term cognitive function deficit in an experimental ischemic stroke model.
Abstract Vascular dementia ranks as the second leading cause of dementia in the United States. However, its underlying pathophysiological mechanism is not fully understood and no effective treatment is available. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate long-term cognitive deficits induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in rats and to investigate the underlying mechanism. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to tMCAO or sham surgery. Behavior tests for locomotor activity and cognitive function were conducted at 7 or 30 days after stroke. Hippocampal long term potentiation (LTP) and inv...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - July 8, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Li W, Huang R, Shetty RA, Thangthaeng N, Liu R, Chen Z, Sumien N, Rutledge M, Dillon GH, Yuan F, Forster MJ, Simpkins JW, Yang SH Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

Brain-Machine Interfaces In Neurorehabilitation of Stroke.
Abstract Stroke is among the leading causes of long-term disabilities leaving an increasing number of people with cognitive, affective and motor impairments depending on assistance in their daily life. While function after stroke can significantly improve in the first weeks and months, further recovery is often slow or non-existent in the more severe cases encompassing 30-50% of all stroke victims. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying recovery in those patients are incompletely understood. However, recent studies demonstrated the brain's remarkable capacity for functional and structural plasticity and recovery ...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - December 6, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Soekadar SR, Birbaumer N, Slutzky MW, Cohen LG Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

Compensatory Motor Network Connectivity is Associated with Motor Sequence Learning after Subcortical Stroke.
Abstract Following stroke, functional networks reorganize and the brain demonstrates widespread alterations in cortical activity. Implicit motor learning is preserved after stroke. However the manner in which brain reorganization occurs, and how it supports behaviour within the damaged brain remains unclear. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we evaluated whole brain patterns of functional connectivity during the performance of an implicit tracking task at baseline and retention, following 5 days of practice. Following motor practice, a significant difference in connectivity within a motor...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - March 7, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Wadden KP, Woodward TS, Metzak PD, Lavigne KM, Lakhani B, Auriat AM, Boyd LA Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Development of an educational program for staffs of emergency medical service to improve their awareness of stroke within 3 hours of symptom onset: a pilot study.
CONCLUSION: The educational program increased knowledge about stroke and improved the accuracy of triage by dedicated EMS providers. Further investigation is needed to determine the effectiveness of similar educational programs for non-dedicated EMS responders. PMID: 23479240 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: Acta Neurologica Taiwanica - December 12, 2015 Category: Neurology Tags: Acta Neurol Taiwan Source Type: research

The effect of sleep on motor learning in the aging and stroke population - a systematic review.
Authors: Backhaus W, Kempe S, Hummel FC Abstract There is extensive evidence for positive effects of sleep on motor learning in young individuals; however, the effects of sleep on motor learning in people with stroke and in healthy older individuals are not well understood. The aim of this systematic review was to quantify the association between sleep and procedural memory performance - a marker for motor learning - in healthy older people and people with stroke. After searches in PubMed, Medline and Embase fourteen studies, including 44 subjects after stroke and 339 healthy older participants were included. Overa...
Source: Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience - February 4, 2016 Category: Neurology Tags: Restor Neurol Neurosci Source Type: research