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Specialty: Neurology
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Total 1309 results found since Jan 2013.

Dorsal premotor activity and connectivity relate to action selection performance after stroke
Abstract Compensatory activation in dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) during movement execution has often been reported after stroke. However, the role of PMd in the planning of skilled movement after stroke has not been well studied. The current study investigated the behavioral and neural response to the addition of action selection (AS) demands, a motor planning process that engages PMd in controls, to movement after stroke. Ten individuals with chronic, left hemisphere stroke and 16 age‐matched controls made a joystick movement with the right hand under two conditions. In the AS condition, participants moved right or left...
Source: Human Brain Mapping - February 15, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Jill Campbell Stewart, Pritha Dewanjee, Umar Shariff, Steven C. Cramer Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Stroke Epidemiology and Risk Factor Management
This article reviews the current recommendations for the management of each of these modifiable risk factors. Recent Findings: It has been documented that some blood pressure medications may increase variability of blood pressure and ultimately increase the risk for stroke. Stroke prevention typically includes antiplatelet therapy (unless an indication for anticoagulation exists), so the most recent evidence supporting use of these drugs is reviewed. In addition, emerging risk factors, such as obstructive sleep apnea, electronic cigarettes, and elevated lipoprotein (a), are discussed. Summary: Overall, secondary stroke p...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - February 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Children and Young Adults
This article reviews risk factors, recurrence risk, evaluation, management, and outcomes of arterial ischemic stroke in children and young adults. Recent Findings: The risk for recurrence and mortality appear to be low for neonatal and childhood stroke. Most children have relatively mild deficits, but those who have greater neurologic deficits, poststroke epilepsy, or strokes early in life are at risk for lower overall cognitive function. Stroke recurrence and long-term mortality after stroke in young adults are greater than originally thought. Cognitive impairments, depression, and anxiety are associated with higher leve...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - February 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Behavioral and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying motor skill learning in patients with post-stroke hemiparesis.
CONCLUSIONS: When execution deficits are accounted for, patients with stroke demonstrate relatively intact motor skill learning with the paretic arm. Paretic arm learning is accompanied by modulations in corticospinal and transcallosal mechanisms. SIGNIFICANCE: Functional recovery after stroke relies on ability for skill learning and the underlying mechanisms. PMID: 29127826 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - November 8, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Kantak S, McGrath R, Zahedi N, Luchmee D Tags: Clin Neurophysiol Source Type: research

Cerebral microbleeds are associated with cognitive decline early after ischemic stroke
ConclusionCognitive abilities are more severely impaired in CMB-positive stroke patients compared to CMB-free controls, whereby memory-associated functions are most affected. CMB might be associated with post-stroke cognitive decline, particularly with impaired memory and phonemic fluency.
Source: Journal of Neurology - February 14, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Ischemic preconditioning provides long-lasting neuroprotection against ischemic stroke: The role of Nrf2.
CONCLUSIONS: IPC provides long-lasting neuroprotection against ischemic brain injury and post-stroke cognitive dysfunction. Nrf2 activation plays a key role in this beneficial outcome and is a promising therapeutic target for the attenuation of ischemic brain injury. PMID: 31812555 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Neurology - December 4, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Yang T, Sun Y, Li Q, Li S, Shi Y, Leak RK, Chen J, Zhang F Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Epidemiology and Primary Prevention of Stroke
This article provides an update on the epidemiology and prevention of a first stroke. Risk factor modification plays a large role in stroke prevention. Strategies for early intervention, particularly for hypertension, are critical for reducing stroke morbidity and mortality. RECENT FINDINGS Because of the new criteria for hypertension, more people are now classified as hypertensive and can benefit from lifestyle or medical management. Direct oral anticoagulants have made it easier to safely treat patients with atrial fibrillation and are now considered first-line therapy for patients with an additional stroke risk facto...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - April 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Neuroimaging in Acute Stroke
This article describes how imaging can be used by physicians in diagnosing, determining prognosis, and making appropriate treatment decisions in a timely manner in patients with acute stroke. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in acute stroke treatment, including the use of endovascular thrombectomy in patients with large vessel occlusion and, more recently, of IV thrombolysis in an extended time window, have resulted in a paradigm shift in how imaging is used in patients with acute stroke. This paradigm shift, combined with the understanding that “time is brain,” means that imaging must be fast, reliable, and available aroun...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - April 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Stroke in Women
This article reviews sex differences in stroke risk and presentation, with a particular emphasis on the unique risk factors women experience throughout the lifespan. RECENT FINDINGS Although prior studies suggested women have worse outcomes after stroke, it is now clear that age, prestroke functional status, and comorbidities explain many of the differences between men and women in stroke severity, functional outcomes, and mortality. Several meta-analyses and large cohort studies have evaluated the risk factors for women related to reproductive factors and found that fewer years between menarche and menopause, pregnancy...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - April 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Medical Management for Secondary Stroke Prevention
This article reviews the evidence base and recommendations for medical management for secondary stroke prevention. RECENT FINDINGS Recent developments for secondary stroke prevention include evidence to support the use of short-term dual antiplatelet therapy after minor stroke and transient ischemic attack, direct oral anticoagulants for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, reversal agents for direct oral anticoagulant–associated hemorrhage, and aspirin rather than presumptive anticoagulation with a direct oral anticoagulant for embolic stroke of undetermined source. SUMMARY Most strokes are preventable. The mainstays ...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - April 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to Augment the Effect of Motor Imagery-Assisted Brain-Computer Interface Training in Chronic Stroke Patients —Cortical Reorganization Considerations
Conclusion: MI-BCI improved the motor function of the stroke-affected arm in chronic stroke patients with moderate to severe impairment. tDCS did not confer overall additional benefit although there was a trend toward greater benefit. Cortical activity changes in the contralesional M1 associated with functional improvement suggests a possible role for the contralesional M1 in stroke recovery in more severely affected patients. This has important implications in designing neuromodulatory interventions for future studies and tailoring treatment.Clinical Trial Registration: The study was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01897025).
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - August 26, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Machine Learning-Enabled 30-Day Readmission Model for Stroke Patients
Conclusions: Machine learning-based models can be designed to predict 30-day readmission after stroke using structured data from EHR. Among the algorithms analyzed, XGBoost with ROSE-sampling had the best performance in terms of AUC while LR with ROSE-sampling and feature selection had the best sensitivity. Clinical variables highly associated with 30-day readmission could be targeted for personalized interventions. Depending on healthcare systems' resources and criteria, models with optimized performance metrics can be implemented to improve outcomes.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - March 31, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Assessment Methods of Post-stroke Gait: A Scoping Review of Technology-Driven Approaches to Gait Characterization and Analysis
This study aimed to review and summarize research efforts applicable to quantification and analyses of post-stroke gait with focus on recent technology-driven gait characterization and analysis approaches, including the integration of smart low cost wearables and Artificial Intelligence (AI), as well as feasibility and potential value in clinical settings.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted within Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect using a set of keywords, including lower extremity, walking, post-stroke, and kinematics. Original articles that met the selection criteria were included.Results and ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - June 8, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Machine Learning-Based Model for Predicting Incidence and Severity of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion
Conclusions: Machine learning methods with multiple clinical variables have the ability to predict acute ischemic stroke and the severity of neurological impairment in patients with AC-LVO.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - December 2, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Machine Learning in Action: Stroke Diagnosis and Outcome Prediction
This article provides an overview of machine learning technology and a tabulated review of pertinent machine learning studies related to stroke diagnosis and outcome prediction.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - December 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research