Track density imaging in progressive supranuclear palsy: A pilot study
This study shows that TDI may represent a useful approach for characterizing WM alterations in PSP‐RS patients. Moreover, track den sity decrease in PSP could be considered a new feature for the differentiation of patients with PSP‐RS from those with PD. (Source: Human Brain Mapping)
Source: Human Brain Mapping - November 26, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Salvatore Nigro,
Maria Giovanna Bianco,
Gennarina Arabia,
Maurizio Morelli,
Rita Nistic ò,
Fabiana Novellino,
Maria Salsone,
Antonio Augimeri,
Aldo Quattrone Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
The top ‐down regulation from the prefrontal cortex to insula via hypnotic aversion suggestions reduces smoking craving
AbstractHypnosis has been shown to have treatment effects on nicotine addiction. However, the neural basis of these effects is poorly understood. This preliminary study investigated the neural mechanisms of hypnosis ‐based treatment on cigarette smoking, specifically, whether the hypnosis involves a top‐down or bottom‐up mechanism. Two groups of 45 smokers underwent a smoking aversion suggestion and viewed smoking‐related pictures and neutral pictures. One group underwent functional magnetic resonance i maging scanning twice (control and hypnotic states), whereas the other group underwent two electroencephalograph ...
Source: Human Brain Mapping - November 22, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Xiaoming Li,
Lijun Chen,
Ru Ma,
Haibao Wang,
Li Wan,
Ying Wang,
Junjie Bu,
Wei Hong,
Wanwan Lv,
Sabine Vollst ädt‐Klein,
Yihong Yang,
Xiaochu Zhang Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Supervised machine learning quality control for magnetic resonance artifacts in neonatal data sets
AbstractQuality control (QC) of brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) is an important process requiring a significant amount of manual inspection. Major artifacts, such as severe subject motion, are easy to identify to na ïve observers but lack automated identification tools. Clinical trials involving motion‐prone neonates typically pool data to obtain sufficient power, and automated quality control protocols are especially important to safeguard data quality. Current study tested an open source method to detect m ajor artifacts among 2D neonatal MRI via supervised machine learning. A total of 1,020 two‐dimensional tr...
Source: Human Brain Mapping - November 22, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Yang Ding,
Sabrina Suffren,
Pierre Bellec,
Gregory A. Lodygensky Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Universal neural basis of structure building evidenced by network modulations emerging from Broca's area: The case of Chinese
AbstractThe basic steps in building up language involve binding words of different categories into a hierarchical structure. To what extent these steps are universal or differ across languages is an open issue. Here we examine the neural dynamics of phrase structure building in Chinese —a language that in contrast to other languages heavily depends on contextual semantic information. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and dynamic causal modeling to identify the relevant brain regions and their dynamic relations. Language stimuli consisted of syntax‐driving determine rs, semantics‐embedded classifiers, and ...
Source: Human Brain Mapping - November 22, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Chiao ‐Yi Wu,
Emiliano Zaccarella,
Angela D. Friederici Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Using the magnetoencephalogram to noninvasively measure magnetite in the living human brain
AbstractDuring the past several decades there has been much interest in the existence of magnetite particles in the human brain and their accumulation with age. These particles also appear to play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases of the brain. However, up to now the amount and distribution of these particles has been measured only in post ‐mortem brain tissue. Although in‐vivo MRI measurements do show iron compounds generally, MRI cannot separate them according to their magnetic phases, which are associated with their chemical interactions. In contrast, we here offer a new noninvasive, in‐vivo method w...
Source: Human Brain Mapping - November 20, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Sheraz Khan,
David Cohen Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Resting ‐state functional connectivity after concussion is associated with clinical recovery
AbstractThere has been a recent call for longitudinal imaging studies to better characterize the time course of physiological recovery following sport ‐related concussion (SRC) and its relationship with clinical recovery. To address this, we evaluated changes to resting‐state functional connectivity (rs‐FC) of the whole‐brain network following SRC and explored associations between rs‐FC and measures of clinical outcome. High school and c ollegiate football athletes were enrolled during preseason. Athletes that suffered SRC (N = 62) were assessed across the acute (within 48 hr) and sub‐acute (days 8, 15, an...
Source: Human Brain Mapping - November 19, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Mayank Kaushal,
Lezlie Y. Espa ña,
Andrew S. Nencka,
Yang Wang,
Lindsay D. Nelson,
Michael A. McCrea,
Timothy B. Meier Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Discriminating Alzheimer's disease progression using a new hippocampal marker from T1 ‐weighted MRI: The local surface roughness
AbstractHippocampal atrophy is one of the main hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is still controversy about whether this sign is a robust finding during the early stages of the disease, such as in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Considering this background, we proposed a new marker for assessing hippocampal atrophy: the local surface roughness (LSR). We tested this marker in a sample of 307 subjects (normal control (NC) = 70, SCD = 87, MCI = 137, AD = 13). In addition, 97 patients with MCI were followed‐up over a 3‐year period and classified a...
Source: Human Brain Mapping - November 19, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Carlos Platero,
Mar ía Eugenia López,
María del Carmen Tobar,
Miguel Yus,
Fernando Maestu Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Prenatal exposures and infant brain: Review of magnetic resonance imaging studies and a population description analysis
AbstractBrain development is most rapid during the fetal period and the first years of life. This process can be affected by manyin utero factors, such as chemical exposures and maternal health characteristics. The goal of this review is twofold: to review the most recent findings on the effects of these prenatal factors on the developing brain and to qualitatively assess how those factors were generally reported in studies on infants up to 2 years of age. To capture the latest findings in the field, we searched articles from PubMed 2012 onward with search terms referring to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), brain devel...
Source: Human Brain Mapping - November 19, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Elmo P. Pulli,
Venla Kumpulainen,
Jussi H. Kasurinen,
Riikka Korja,
Harri Merisaari,
Linnea Karlsson,
Riitta Parkkola,
Jani Saunavaara,
Tuire L ähdesmäki,
Noora M. Scheinin,
Hasse Karlsson,
Jetro J. Tuulari Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
Reply to the comment on: “Reporting matters: Brain mapping with transcranial magnetic stimulation”
Human Brain Mapping, EarlyView. (Source: Human Brain Mapping)
Source: Human Brain Mapping - November 17, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Hugo Mass é‐Alarie,
Michael Bergin,
Cyril Schneider,
Siobhan Schabrun,
Paul Hodges Tags: COMMENT Source Type: research
Imaging functional motor connectivity in hemiparetic children with perinatal stroke
This study serves as a foundation to better understand how resting‐state fMRI can assess motor functional connectivity and potentially be applied to explore mechanisms of interventional therapies after perinatal stroke. (Source: Human Brain Mapping)
Source: Human Brain Mapping - November 17, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Jennifer Saunders,
Helen L. Carlson,
Filomeno Cortese,
Bradley G. Goodyear,
Adam Kirton Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Sex differences in own and other body perception
AbstractOwn body perception, and differentiating and comparing one's body to another person's body, are common cognitive functions that have relevance for self ‐identity and social interactions. In several psychiatric conditions, including anorexia nervosa, body dysmorphic disorder, gender dysphoria, and autism spectrum disorder, self and own body perception, as well as aspects of social communication are disturbed. Despite most of these conditions havin g skewed prevalence sex ratios, little is known about whether the neural basis of own body perception differs between the sexes. We addressed this question by investigat...
Source: Human Brain Mapping - November 15, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Sarah M. Burke,
D.S. Adnan Majid,
Amir H. Manzouri,
Teena Moody,
Jamie D. Feusner,
Ivanka Savic Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Gradual acquisition of visuospatial associative memory representations via the dorsal precuneus
AbstractActivation of parietal cortex structures like the precuneus is commonly observed during explicit memory retrieval, but the role of parietal cortices in encoding has only recently been appreciated and is still poorly understood. Considering the importance of the precuneus in human visual attention and imagery, we aimed to assess a potential role for the precuneus in the encoding of visuospatial representations into long ‐term memory. We therefore investigated the acquisition of constant versus repeatedly shuffled configurations of icons on background images over five subsequent days in 32 young, healthy volunteers...
Source: Human Brain Mapping - November 15, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Bj örn H. Schott,
Torsten Wüstenberg,
Eva Lücke,
Ina‐Maria Pohl,
Anni Richter,
Constanze I. Seidenbecher,
Stefan Pollmann,
Jasmin M. Kizilirmak,
Alan Richardson‐Klavehn Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Machine learning of brain gray matter differentiates sex in a large forensic sample
AbstractDifferences between males and females have been extensively documented in biological, psychological, and behavioral domains. Among these, sex differences in the rate and typology of antisocial behavior remains one of the most conspicuous and enduring patterns among humans. However, the nature and extent of sexual dimorphism in the brain among antisocial populations remains mostly unexplored. Here, we seek to understand sex differences in brain structure between incarcerated males and females in a large sample (n = 1,300) using machine learning. We apply source‐based morphometry, a contemporary multivariate ap...
Source: Human Brain Mapping - November 15, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Nathaniel E. Anderson,
Keith A. Harenski,
Carla L. Harenski,
Michael R. Koenigs,
Jean Decety,
Vince D. Calhoun,
Kent A. Kiehl Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Social decision ‐making in the brain: Input‐state‐output modelling reveals patterns of effective connectivity underlying reciprocal choices
AbstractDuring social interactions, decision ‐making involves mutual reciprocity—each individual's choices are simultaneously a consequence of, and antecedent to those of their interaction partner. Neuroeconomic research has begun to unveil the brain networks underpinning social decision‐making, but we know little about the patterns of n eural connectivity within them that give rise to reciprocal choices. To investigate this, the present study measured the behaviour and brain function of pairs of individuals (N = 66) whilst they played multiple rounds of economic exchange comprising an iterated ultimatum game. Du...
Source: Human Brain Mapping - November 15, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Daniel Shaw,
Krist ína Czekóová,
Martin Gajdoš,
Rostislav Staněk,
Jiří Špalek,
Milan Brázdil Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Quantitative assessment of field strength, total intracranial volume, sex, and age effects on the goodness of harmonization for volumetric analysis on the ADNI database
We present a comparison of three methods for estimating total intracranial volume to assess their robustness and correct the brain str ucture volumes using the residual method and the proportional (normalization by division) method. We then evaluated the distribution of brain structure volumes over the entire ADNI database before and after accounting for multiple covariates such as total intracranial volume, scanner field strength, sex, and age using two techniques: (a) Zscapes, a panoramic visualization technique to analyze the entire database and (b) empirical cumulative distributions functions. The results from this stu...
Source: Human Brain Mapping - November 15, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Da Ma,
Karteek Popuri,
Mahadev Bhalla,
Oshin Sangha,
Donghuan Lu,
Jiguo Cao,
Claudia Jacova,
Lei Wang,
Mirza Faisal Beg,
Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
