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Specialty: Neurology
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Total 1309 results found since Jan 2013.

A Paradigm Shift: Rehabilitation Robotics, Cognitive Skills Training, and Function After Stroke
Conclusion: The ALPS protocol was the first to extend cognitive strategy training to robot-assisted therapy. The intervention in this development of concept pilot trial was feasible and well-tolerated, with good potential to optimize paretic UE performance following robot-assisted therapy.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - October 14, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Quantifying the Impact of Chronic Ischemic Injury on Clinical Outcomes in Acute Stroke With Machine Learning
Acute stroke is often superimposed on chronic damage from previous cerebrovascular events. This background will inevitably modulate the impact of acute injury on clinical outcomes to an extent that will depend on the precise anatomical pattern of damage. Previous attempts to quantify such modulation have employed only reductive models that ignore anatomical detail. The combination of automated image processing, large-scale data, and machine learning now enables us to quantify the impact of this with high-dimensional multivariate models sensitive to individual variations in the detailed anatomical pattern. We introduce and ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - January 23, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Effects of contextual interference on feeding training in patients with stroke.
This study investigated the CI effect on spooning training in such patients. Fourteen right hemiparetic patients with stroke were assigned to one of two groups: a group with a random practice schedule or a group with a blocked practice schedule. The spooning task involved scooping go stones from a bowl 30 cm away in 3 different directions to a bowl in front of the patient. We evaluated the acquisition, retention, and transfer of motor learning for spooning. The transfer was evaluated while participants ate cereal in a bowl with a spoon. Upper extremity function, defined as far-transfer, was also evaluated using the box-an...
Source: Human Movement Science - January 30, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Jo EJ, Noh DH, Kam KY Tags: Hum Mov Sci Source Type: research

Motor Performance But Neither Motor Learning Nor Motor Consolidation Are Impaired in Chronic Cerebellar Stroke Patients
AbstractThe capacity to acquire and retain new motor skills is essential for everyday behavior and a prerequisite to regain functional independence following impairments of motor function caused by brain damage, e.g., ischemic stroke. Learning a new motor skill requires repeated skill practice and passes through different online and offline learning stages that are mediated by specific dynamic interactions between distributed brain regions including the cerebellum. Motor sequence learning is an extensively studied paradigm of motor skill learning, yet the role of the cerebellum during online and offline stages remains cont...
Source: The Cerebellum - January 29, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Update on Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke
This article provides an update on the state of the art of the treatment of acute ischemic stroke with particular emphasis on the indications for reperfusion therapy. RECENT FINDINGS In addition to the previously established indications for intravenous (IV) thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) within 4.5 hours of stroke symptom onset and endovascular therapy with mechanical thrombectomy for patients with large artery occlusion who can be treated within 6 hours of symptom onset, recent randomized controlled trials have now established new indications for emergency reperfusion in patients with ...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - April 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Recovery After Stroke
This article describes restorative therapies to improve patient outcomes after stroke. These therapies contrast with acute stroke treatments such as recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) and thrombectomy that target clots, aim to salvage threatened brain tissue to limit injury, and have a time window measured in hours. Restorative therapies target the brain, aim to promote plasticity within surviving brain tissue, and have a time window measured in days to weeks or longer. RECENT FINDINGS A number of drugs are under study. Preclinical studies are providing attractive therapeutic candidates for translation, suc...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - April 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

p5 Peptide-Loaded Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Neurological Recovery After Focal Cerebral Ischemia in a Rat Model
In conclusion, administration of hADMSC-loaded p5 peptide to post-stroke rats created conditions that supported survival of drug-loaded hADMSCs after cerebral ischemia, suggesting its therapeutic potential in patients with stroke.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 5, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Intermittent Cerebellar Theta Burst Stimulation Improves Visuo-motor Learning in Stroke Patients: a Pilot Study
In this study, we investigated the effects of cerebellar intermittent theta burst stimulation (c-iTBS), a high-frequency rTMS protocol, on visuo-motor learning in a sample of hemiparetic patients due to recent stroke in the territory of the contralateral middle cerebral artery. Eight stroke patients were enrolled for the purposes of the study in the chronic stage of recovery (i.e., at least 6  months after stroke). In two sessions, Patients were randomly assigned to treatment with real or sham c-iTBS applied over the cerebellar hemisphere ipsilateral to the affected body side. c-iTBS was applied immediately before the le...
Source: The Cerebellum - May 27, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The three-phase enriched environment paradigm promotes neurovascular restorative and prevents learning impairment after ischemic stroke in rats.
Abstract Enriched environment (EE) with a complex combination of sensorimotor, cognitive and social stimulations has been shown to enhance brain plasticity and improve recovery of functions in animal models of stroke. The present study extended these findings by assessing whether the three-phase EE intervention paradigm would improve neurovascular remodeling following ischemic stroke. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). A three-phase EE intervention paradigm was designed in terms of the different periods of cerebral ischemia by periodically rearranging the ...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - September 22, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhan Y, Li MZ, Yang L, Feng XF, Lei JF, Zhang N, Zhao YY, Zhao H Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

Predicting Poor Outcome Before Endovascular Treatment in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Conclusions: All prediction models showed a high AUC. The best-performing models correctly identified 34% of the poor outcome patients at a cost of misclassifying 4% of non-poor outcome patients. Further studies are necessary to determine whether these accuracies are reproducible before implementation in clinical practice.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - October 15, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Sensorimotor vs. Motor Upper Limb Therapy for Patients With Motor and Somatosensory Deficits: A Randomized Controlled Trial in the Early Rehabilitation Phase After Stroke
Conclusion: UL motor therapy may improve motor impairment more than UL sensorimotor therapy in patients with sensorimotor impairments in the early rehabilitation phase post stroke. For these patients, integrated sensorimotor therapy may not improve somatosensory function and may be less effective for motor recovery.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03236376.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - December 4, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Consequence of stroke for feature recall and binding in visual working me.
Abstract Visual memory for objects involves the integration, or binding, of individual features into a coherent representation. We used a novel approach to assess feature binding, using a delayed-reproduction task in combination with computational modeling and lesion analysis. We assessed stroke patients and neurotypical controls on a visual working memory task in which spatial arrays of colored disks were presented. After a brief delay, participants either had to report the color of one disk cued by its location or the location of one disk cued by its color. Our results demonstrate that, in the controls, report i...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - January 15, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Lugtmeijer S, Schneegans S, Lammers NA, Geerligs L, Erik de Leeuw F, H F de Haan E, Bays PM, P C Kessels R Tags: Neurobiol Learn Mem Source Type: research

Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Brain Tissue Infarction in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated With Theophylline as an Add-On to Thrombolytic Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial Subgroup Analysis
Conclusions: The predicted follow-up brain lesions for each patient were not significantly different for patients virtually treated with theophylline or placebo, as an add-on to thrombolytic therapy. Thus, this study confirmed the lack of neuroprotective effect of theophylline shown in the main clinical trial and is contrary to the results from preclinical stroke models.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - May 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Emerging role of artificial intelligence in stroke imaging
Expert Rev Neurother. 2021 Jul 20:1-10. doi: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1951234. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIntroduction: The recognition and therapy of patients with stroke is becoming progressively intricate as additional treatment choices become accessible and new associations between disease characteristics and treatment response are incessantly uncovered. Therefore, clinicians must regularly learn new skill, stay up to date with the literature and integrate advances into daily practice. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) to assist clinical decision making could diminish inter-rater variation in routine clin...
Source: Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics - July 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Giuseppe Corrias Andrea Mazzotta Marta Melis Filippo Cademartiri Qi Yang Jasjit S Suri Luca Saba Source Type: research