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Total 286 results found since Jan 2013.

Influence of Combined Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Motor Training on Corticospinal Excitability in Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
Conclusion This proof-of-principle study evaluated the influence of cathodal contralesional tDCS on corticospinal excitability in pediatric participants with UCP. A hypothesized decrease in contralesional excitability was noted in participants in the Active+CIMT group, however, the efficacy of tDCS to modulate corticospinal excitability was not statistically different than the Sham+CIMT group. A more detailed understanding of how tDCS impacts M1 neurophysiology will be essential to inform future clinical trials on the optimal dosing parameters, based on individual brain circuitry, to explore the potential functional benef...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 23, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

A Case of Transient Global Amnesia: A Review and How It May Shed Further Insight into the Neurobiology of Delusions
Conclusion In closing, our patient’s episode of TGA combined with her emotional and perceptual response lends credence to the proposal of a “fear/paranoia” circuit in the genesis of paranoid delusions—a circuit incorporating amygdala, frontal, and parietal cortices. Here, neutral or irrelevant stimuli, thoughts, and percepts come to engender fear and anxiety, while dysfunction in frontoparietal circuitry engenders inappropriate social predictions and maladaptive inferences about the intentions of others.[54] Hippocampus relays information about contextual information based on past experiences and the current situat...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - April 1, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Anxiety Disorders Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Case Report Cognition Current Issue Dementia Medical Issues Neurologic Systems and Symptoms Psychiatry Schizophrenia delusions hippocampus neurobiology Transient global amnesia Source Type: research

Continuous and not continuous 2-week treadmill training enhances the performance in the passive avoidance test in ischemic gerbils
This study aims to investigate the frequency and total duration effects of the 2-week treadmill training after experimental ischemic stroke in the passive avoidance test. We performed bilateral occlusion of common external carotid arteries, for five minutes, in Mongolian gerbils. The training groups were: continuous training for twelve consecutive days or not continuous training for six non-consecutive days. The groups remained in the treadmill for 15min, with the speed set at 10m/min, and the training started 24h after the stroke. In the Shuttle Box, each animal had ten trials during the Learning Session (LS), which occur...
Source: Neuroscience Letters - December 16, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Neurophysiological Analysis of Intermanual Transfer in Motor Learning
In this study, MEPs were induced during the subject’s imaged kinesthetic MI. This involves recalling muscle contraction based on a muscle sensory image and was reported to indicate the activity of brain regions similar to those involved in actual muscle contraction (Ruby and Decety, 2001). In the transfer training group, the muscle sensory image evaluation correlated to the actual task execution with the right hand. As a result, it was easy to recall the kinesthetic MI for the training task, thus affecting MI of the non-trained limbs so that MEP changes occurred in the left hand’s MI. In addition, brain exc...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 17, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

AI Therapist Realizing Expert Verbal Cues for Effective Robot-Assisted Gait Training
Repetitive and specific verbal cues by a therapist are essential in aiding a patient’s motivation and improving the motor learning process. The verbal cues comprise various expressions, sentences, volumes, and timings, depending on the therapist’s proficiency. This paper proposes an AI therapist (AI-T) that implements the verbal cues of professional therapists having extensive experience with robot-assisted gait training using the SUBAR for stroke patients. The AI-T was developed using a neuro-fuzzy system, a machine learning technique leveraging the benefits of fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks. The...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - December 1, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Probable Nootropic-induced Psychiatric Adverse Effects: A Series of Four Cases
Conclusion Healthcare providers in general, and specifically those in the mental health and substance abuse fields, should keep in mind that nootropic use is an under recognized and evolving problem. Nootropic use should be considered in cases where there are sudden or unexplained exacerbations of psychiatric symptoms in patients who have been stable and medication adherent. It is also important to remember that most nootropics are not detected on standard drug toxicology screening tests. We have very little clinical information on how nootropics may interact with psychotropics (or other medications) and potentially cause ...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - December 1, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Case Series and Literature Review Current Issue Mental Disorders Psychiatry Psychopharmacology Substance Use Disorders Ampakines Armodafinil brain enhancer Cerebrolysin Citicoline cognitive enhancer homeopathic medicine natural r Source Type: research

In vitro and in  vivo effects of a novel dimeric inhibitor of PSD‐95 on excitotoxicity and functional recovery after experimental traumatic brain injury
Abstract PSD‐95 inhibitors have been shown to be neuroprotective in stroke, but have only to a very limited extent been evaluated in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that has pathophysiological mechanisms in common with stroke. The aims of the current study were to assess the effects of a novel dimeric inhibitor of PSD‐95, UCCB01‐147, on histopathology and long‐term cognitive outcome after controlled cortical impact (CCI) in rats. As excitotoxic cell death is thought to be a prominent part of the pathophysiology of TBI, we also investigated the neuroprotective effects of UCCB01‐147 and related compou...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - December 3, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jens Bak Sommer, Anders Bach, Hana Mal á, Kristian Strømgaard, Jesper Mogensen, Darryl S. Pickering Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Exploring Training Effect in 42 Human Subjects Using a Non-invasive Sensorimotor Rhythm Based Online BCI
Conclusion In this study, we analyzed a pooled dataset consisting of 42 subjects’ three BCI training sessions. The behavioral performance results showed that there was a significant increase of BCI PVC accuracy (p = 0.004) and a marginal significant improvement of ITR (p = 0.05) in the third training session compared to the first session. No other significant difference of behavioral measures such as group average abort rate or feedback duration was found across the training sessions. Further analysis on the group average R2 value indicated that there was a significant difference of the R2 value on the first traini...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 16, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease
ConclusionThe implementation of AI and ML algorithms to supplement clinical practice has conferred a high degree of accuracy, efficiency, and expedited detection in the clinical and radiographic evaluation and management of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, AVMs, and aneurysms. Such algorithms have been explored for further purposes of prognostication for these conditions, with promising preliminary results. Further studies should evaluate the longitudinal implementation of such techniques into hospital networks and residency programs to supplement clinical practice, and the extent to which these techniques improve patient...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - September 7, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

P 181. Impact of offline transcranial direct current stimulation on consolidation of motor sequence learning in healthy elderly subjects
Conclusions: Offline application of anodal tDCS over M1 post training improves consolidation of motor sequence learning in elderly subjects until at least 22h post training. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential benefit of offline-tDCS in motor learning in healthy elderly and stroke patients.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: M. Wegscheider, J.-J. Rumpf, C. Fricke, D. Weise, J. Classen Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

Motor imagery-based skill acquisition disrupted following rTMS of the inferior parietal lobule.
Abstract Motor imagery (MI), the mental rehearsal of motor tasks, has promise as a therapy in post-stroke rehabilitation. The potential effectiveness of MI is attributed to the facilitation of plasticity in numerous brain regions akin to those recruited for physical practice. It is suggested, however, that MI relies more heavily on regions commonly affected post-stroke, including left hemisphere parietal regions involved in visuospatial processes. However, the impact of parietal damage on MI-based skill acquisition that underlies rehabilitation remains unclear. Here, we examine the contribution of the left inferio...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - October 20, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kraeutner SN, Keeler LT, Boe SG Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

In vitro and in vivo effects of a novel dimeric inhibitor of PSD ‐95 on excitotoxicity and functional recovery after experimental traumatic brain injury
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - November 16, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jens Bak Sommer, Anders Bach, Hana Mal á, Kristian Strømgaard, Jesper Mogensen, Darryl Scott Pickering Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

A Copernican Approach to Brain Advancement: The Paradigm of Allostatic Orchestration
The objective of this presentation is to explore historical, scientific, interventional, and other differences between the two paradigms, so that innovators, researchers, practitioners, policy-makers, patients, end-users, and others can gain clarity with respect to both the explicit and implicit assumptions associated with brain advancement agendas of any kind. Over the course of three decades, a series of brain-centric, evolution-inspired insights have been articulated with increasing refinement, as principles of allostasis (Sterling and Eyer, 1988; Sterling, 2004, 2012, 2014). Allostasis recognizes that the role of the ...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 25, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Vision and proprioception in action monitoring by young and older adults
This study investigated the individual's capability to discriminate the directions of seen cursor motions and felt hand movements under a visuo-motor rotation paradigm and its age-related variation. Young and older participants performed 3-stroke arm movements on a digitizing tablet without seeing their arm. The visual feedback of the second stroke was rotated randomly by various angles ranging from −30° to 30° and displayed on a monitor. Older adults were poorer in discrimination than young adults. In both age groups, the felt hand direction was shifted toward the seen cursor direction (i.e., visual capture) by appro...
Source: Neurobiology of Aging - February 25, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Miya K. Rand, Lei Wang, Jochen Müsseler, Herbert Heuer Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: research