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Specialty: Neuroscience
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Total 286 results found since Jan 2013.
Dietary Energy Restriction Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury
AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of neurological damage in young people. It was previously reported that dietary restriction, by either intermittent fasting (IF) or daily caloric restriction (CR), could protect neurons against dysfunction and degeneration in animal models of stroke and Parkinson ’s disease. Recently, several studies have shown that the protein Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays a significant role in the induced neuroprotection following dietary restriction. In the present study, we found a significant reduction of SIRT1 levels in the cortex and hippocampus in a mouse model of mi...
Source: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience - February 8, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Automatic Segmentation of Left Ventricle from Cardiac MRI via Deep Learning and Region Constrained Dynamic Programming
Publication date: Available online 16 February 2019Source: NeurocomputingAuthor(s): Hu Huaifei, Ning Pan, Jiayu Wang, Tailang Yin, Renzhen YeAbstractSegmentation of the left ventricle from cardiac magnetic resonance images (MRI) is an essential step to quantitatively analyze global and regional cardiac function. The aim of this study is to develop a novel and robust algorithm which can improve the accuracy of automatic left ventricle segmentation on short-axis cardiac MRI. The database used in this study are 900 cardiac MRI cases from Hubei Cancer Hospital. Three key techniques are developed in this segmentation algorithm:...
Source: Neurocomputing - February 16, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Mining Within-Trial Oscillatory Brain Dynamics to Address the Variability of Optimized Spatial Filters
Data-driven spatial filtering algorithms optimize scores, such as the contrast between two conditions to extract oscillatory brain signal components. Most machine learning approaches for the filter estimation, however, disregard within-trial temporal dynamics and are extremely sensitive to changes in training data and involved hyperparameters. This leads to highly variable solutions and impedes the selection of a suitable candidate for, e.g., neurotechnological applications. Fostering component introspection, we propose to embrace this variability by condensing the functional signatures of a large set of oscillatory compon...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - February 28, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Collectivism Is Associated With Greater Neurocognitive Fluency in Older Adults
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of self-construal on neurocognitive functions in older adults. A total of 86 community-dwelling older adults 60 years and older were assessed with three common self-report measures of self-construal along individualism and collectivism (IC). A cognitive battery was administered to assess verbal and non-verbal fluency abilities. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to categorize individuals according to IC, and one-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVA), including relevant covariates (e.g., ethnicity, gender, linguistic abilities), were used to compare neurocognitive functions between ...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 10, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Dynamic Office Environments Improve Brain Activity and Attentional Performance Mediated by Increased Motor Activity
Conclusion
The results of the present study reveal short- and mid-term effects on attentional and vigilance performance, and EEG brain activity when working in a dynamic versus a static environment. During working in a dynamic office, attentional and vigilance performance increased compared to working in a static office. Brain activities show increased alpha, beta and gamma power in the frontal and central areas in the attentional task with increased theta, alpha, and beta activity in the vigilance task. These findings suggest that working in a dynamic office environment stimulates the brain towards an optimum psychophysi...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 11, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Sensory Re-weighting for Postural Control in Parkinson ’s Disease
In this study, we focused primarily on the change of sensory weighting parameters when sensory conditions change. We also tested the additional hypothesis that levodopa medication would improve sensory weighting for postural control.
Materials and Methods
Subjects
The Institutional Review Board at Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) approved the protocol for this experiment, and all subjects gave informed consent prior to participating. Eight subjects with PD (three female) and eight healthy, age-matched controls (two female) were recruited from the Balance Disorders Laboratory database and the Parkinson’...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 16, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Use in Warfighting: Benefits, Risks, and Future Prospects
Conclusion
The aim of this paper was to examine whether military tDCS use can be efficacious and ethical in military settings. Our assessment is that tDCS offers a number of cognitive, motor, and perceptual enhancement opportunities which could provide value in military situations like training and operations. There is potential scope for use in a number of key areas that directly affect practical battlefield advantage and survivability, such as deceptive capabilities, risk-taking, threat detection, perception, and physiological improvement. Additionally, tDCS has the potential to improve command and control decision maki...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 17, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Modulating Applied Task Performance via Transcranial Electrical Stimulation
Conclusion
tES may prove valuable for modulating applied task performance, though research in this area warrants careful consideration of several individual-, context-, and task-related factors that may predict the robustness and directionality of tES effects. Whereas most applied research with tES has administered tDCS, tACS and tRNS have also shown potential to modulate cortical activity and behavior. Even in highly applied and dynamic tasks, such as navigation and driving, tES appears to carry some performance benefits. This is compelling because as tES is slowly incorporated into highly complex real-world environments...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 29, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Early History of Amnesia.
Authors: Langer KG
Abstract
Memory and forgetfulness have been viewed since antiquity from perspectives of physical, emotional, and spiritual states of well-being, and conceptualized philosophically. Numerous discussions of memory loss, or case reports, existed, but a fundamental advance in conceptualization of memory loss as a pathological clinical phenomenon originated when Sauvages classified "amnesia" as a medical disorder, in 1763. Originally, amnesia was recognized as a weakening or dissolution of memory, according to a taxonomy that ascribed known causes to the disorder. Etiologic factors included neurologic...
Source: Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience - June 22, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Front Neurol Neurosci Source Type: research
Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying motor skill learning in young and older adults.
Abstract
The ability to acquire and retain novel motor skills is preserved with advancing age. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying skill acquisition in older adults have received little systematic investigation. The aim of the present study was to assess the modulation of primary motor cortex excitability and inhibition after skill acquisition in young and older adults. Sixteen young and sixteen older adults trained on a sequential visual isometric wrist extension task. Anodal or sham transcranial direct current stimulation was applied during training in a pseudorandomized crossover design. Skill...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - July 8, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mooney RA, Cirillo J, Byblow WD Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research
Protective Role of Levetiracetam Against Cognitive Impairment And Brain White Matter Damage in Mouse prolonged Cerebral Hypoperfusion
Publication date: Available online 11 July 2019Source: NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Toshiki Inaba, Nobukazu Miyamoto, Kenichiro Hira, Yuji Ueno, Kazuo Yamashiro, Masao Watanabe, Yoshiaki Shimada, Nobutaka Hattori, Takao UrabeAbstractWhite matter lesions due to cerebral hypoperfusion may be an important pathophysiology in vascular dementia and stroke, although the inherent mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. The present study, using a mouse model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, examined the white matter protective effects of levetiracetam, an anticonvulsant, via the signaling cascade from the activation of cAMP-responsiv...
Source: Neuroscience - July 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Direction-aware Neural Style Transfer with Texture Enhancement
Publication date: Available online 30 August 2019Source: NeurocomputingAuthor(s): Hao Wu, Zhengxing Sun, Yan Zhang, Qian LiAbstractNeural learning methods have been shown to be effective in style transfer. These methods, which are called NST, aim to synthesize a new image that retains the high-level structure of a content image while keeps the low-level features of a style image. However, these models using convolutional structures only extract local statistical features of style images and semantic features of content images. Since the absence of low-level features in the content image, these methods would synthesize imag...
Source: Neurocomputing - August 31, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Bexarotene Attenuates Focal Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via the Suppression of JNK/Caspase-3 Signaling Pathway.
In conclusion, bexarotene markedly alleviates the neurological deficits, improves the histological outcome, and inhibits cell apoptosis in mice after t-MCAO. This effect is mediated, at least in part, by up-regulation of APOE. Thus, bexarotene may be a candidate drug for the treatment of cerebral ischemia patients.
PMID: 31680194 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 2, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Liu H, Liu S, Tian X, Wang Q, Rao J, Wang Y, Xiang F, Zheng H, Xu L, Dong Z Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research
The comparative effects of unilateral and bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation on motor learning and motor performance: A systematic review of literature and meta-analysis
Publication date: Available online 20 January 2020Source: Journal of Clinical NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Sara Halakoo, Fatemeh Ehsani, Motahareh Hosnian, Maryam Zoghi, Shapour JaberzadehAbstractApplication of unilateral tDCS (Uni-tDCS) vs. bilateral tDCS (Bi-tDCS) is another important factor that can affect the physiological results of tDCS intervention on motor learning and motor performance. According to the evidence, some studies indicated that motor performance or motor learning are facilitated in healthy individuals by application of the Bi-tDCS more than the Uni-tDCS. On the other hand, some studies showed that there was...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience - January 21, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation-Paired Rehabilitation for Oromotor Feeding Problems in Newborns: An Open-Label Pilot Study
Neonates born premature or who suffer brain injury at birth often have oral feeding dysfunction and do not meet oral intake requirements needed for discharge. Low oral intake volumes result in extended stays in the hospital (>2 months) and can lead to surgical implant and explant of a gastrostomy tube (G-tube). Prior work suggests pairing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) with motor activity accelerates functional improvements after stroke, and transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS) has emerged as promising noninvasive form of VNS. Pairing taVNS with bottle-feeding rehabilitation may improve oromotor coordination and lead to ...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 17, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
