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Source: Clinical Neurophysiology
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Total 347 results found since Jan 2013.
Finger Strength, Individuation, and their Interaction: Relationship to Hand Function and Corticospinal Tract Injury after Stroke
Many activities of daily living require dexterous use of the fingers, such as opening a door, buttoning a shirt, and holding a fork. Such activities often become more effortful and slower after a stroke, and sometimes impossible to achieve with the hemiparetic hand. Thus, approximately 50% of the 700,000 individuals who survive a stroke each year in the U.S. have persistent upper extremity impairment (Dobkin, 1996; Heller et al., 1987; Ma et al., 2014; Warabi et al., 1990). Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms that cause reduced hand function is essential for targeting stroke therapies.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - February 3, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Eric T. Wolbrecht, Justin B. Rowe, Vicky Chan, Morgan L. Ingemanson, Steven C. Cramer, David J. Reinkensmeyer Source Type: research
P28. The functional role of the anterior intraparietal sulcus for recovery of hand function in chronic stroke patients – A combined fMRI-TMS study
After stroke, neuroimaging studies frequently show increased activation of contralesional regions such as the primary motor cortex (M1) and the anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS) during movements of the impaired hand (Rehme et al., 2012). There is evidence that these areas may adopt either supportive or disturbing implications for motor control, depending on multiple factors, such as age, stroke severity, and lesion location (Di Pino et al., 2014). Importantly, previous research has mainly focused on investigating this question in the contralesional M1, while other areas involved in motor control, such as the aIPS have o...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: F. Lange, L. Hensel, C. Tscherpel, C. Grefkes Source Type: research
“Functional rTMS”: Putting the brain to work to enhance brain stimulation post-stroke?
Stroke is characterized by distinct changes in both the ipsilesional and contralesional hemispheres. Decreased integrity of the ipsilesional hemisphere results in decreased excitability of motor pathways in the ipsilesional hemisphere and increased cortical excitability in the contralesional hemisphere (). This pattern of post-stroke excitability is thought to reflect reduced transcallosal inhibition from the ipsi- to contralesional hemisphere that unmasks ipsilateral contributions to the hemiparetic limb and a concomitant increase in transcallosal inhibition from the contralesional hemisphere to ipsilesional motor pathway...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 24, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sean K. Meehan Tags: Editorials Source Type: research
S4-2. The evaluation of brain function with neuro-rehabilitation modalities in stroke patients
The relation was investigated between functional improvement of hemiparetic arm and change of cortical perfusion (BCP) during voluntary muscle contraction (VOL), EMG-controlled FES (EMG-FES) and simple electrical muscle stimulation (ES) before and after EMG-FES therapy in chronic stroke patients. Sixteen chronic stroke patients with moderate residual hemiparesis underwent 5months of task-orientated EMG-FES therapy of the paretic arm once or twice a week. Before and after treatment, arm function was clinically evaluated and BCP during VOL, ES and EMG-FES were assessed using multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy. BCP in t...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 16, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yukihiro Hara Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research
The effects of electromyography-controlled functional electrical stimulation on upper extremity function and cortical perfusion in stroke patients
Conclusion: The EMG-FES may have more influence on ipsilesional BCP than VOL or ES alone.Significance: The sensory motor integration during EMG-FES therapy might facilitate BCP of the ipsilesional SMC and result in functional improvement of hemiparetic upper extremity.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - May 24, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yukihiro Hara, Shigeru Obayashi, Kazuhito Tsujiuchi, Yoshihiro Muraoka Tags: Movement, Motor Control and Movement Disorders Source Type: research
113. Neurophysiology in neonatal stroke undergoing therapeutic hypotermia: An illustrative case
We report EEG monitoring and EP in a neonate with stroke due to internal carotid thrombosis who underwent TH. Case Report: A female infant born at 38 GA, BW 2730 gr (10°ile), was recruited for TH at 3h of life, because of Sarnat 2 plus pH
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - October 21, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: E. Toffoli, D. De Carlo, A. Cappellari, E. Cainelli, D. Trevisanuto, A. Suppiej Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research
34. Modulation of cortical activity by botulinum toxin type a in patients with post-stroke arm spasticity
Conclusion: Study of 2 age-matched groups with mild and severe weakness demonstrated different effect of BoNT-lowered spasticity on motor system engagement. Group A during movement imagery at maximum BoNT effect manifested deactivation of visual and default mode system, perhaps a change from visual to kinesthetic imagery, with cerebellum participating. Group B during movement also manifested motor pattern normalization, especially reduced activation extent.Supported by IGA MZ CR NT13575.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - April 7, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: P. Hluštík, T. Veverka, P. Hok, Z. Tüdös, P. Otruba, A. Krobot, P. Kaňovský Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research
Perception of lower extremity loads in stroke survivors
The loss of load perception in the impaired leg likely impacts control of walking in stroke survivors (Bohannon, 2003). While the gait impairments experienced by stroke survivors could result directly from damage to motor areas of the brain (Collen et al., 1990; Enzinger et al., 2008), the lack of proper inputs from the environment (sensory information) clearly has an impact on the body’s ability to control movement. In order to walk without losing balance, the motor control system needs to receive accurate sensory information from the limbs.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 11, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Virginia W. Chu, T. George Hornby, Brian D. Schmit Source Type: research
Activation deficit correlates with weakness in chronic stroke: Evidence from evoked and voluntary EMG recordings
Weakness after stroke is widely observed clinically, and is reported to be the primary contributor to impaired voluntary force control (Chang et al., 2013) and to functional impairments in chronic stroke (Kamper et al., 2006). Weakness is highly correlated with the severity of initial damage to the corticospinal tracts in the acute phase (Small et al., 2013). In the course of recovery, both central and peripheral mechanisms contribute to weakness as a result of neural plasticity, adaptation, exercises and therapies.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - April 1, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sheng Li, Jie Liu, Minal Bhadane, Ping Zhou, W. Zev Rymer Source Type: research
Perception of lower extremity loads in stroke survivors
The loss of load perception in the impaired leg likely impacts control of walking in stroke survivors (Bohannon, 2003). While the gait impairments experienced by stroke survivors could result directly from damage to motor areas of the brain (Collen et al., 1990; Enzinger et al., 2008), the lack of proper inputs from the environment (sensory information) clearly has an impact on the body’s ability to control movement. In order to walk without losing balance, the motor control system needs to receive accurate sensory information from the limbs.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 11, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Virginia W. Chu, T. George Hornby, Brian D. Schmit Source Type: research
Activation deficit correlates with weakness in chronic stroke: Evidence from evoked and voluntary EMG recordings
Weakness after stroke is widely observed clinically, and is reported to be the primary contributor to impaired voluntary force control (Chang et al., 2013) and to functional impairments in chronic stroke (Kamper et al., 2006). Weakness is highly correlated with the severity of initial damage to the corticospinal tracts in the acute phase (Small et al., 2013). In the course of recovery, both central and peripheral mechanisms contribute to weakness as a result of neural plasticity, adaptation, exercises and therapies.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - April 3, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sheng Li, Jie Liu, Minal Bhadane, Ping Zhou, W. Zev Rymer Source Type: research
Perception of lower extremity loading in stroke
We read with great interest the article entitled “Perception of lower extremity loads in stroke survivors” by Chu et al. (2014). There is a dearth of studies regarding perception of loading in stroke population. We applaud the authors for the contemporary thoughts on the method of measuring lower extremity dynamic load perception. We take this opportunity to share few scientific facts related to the scope of this article.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - October 25, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Senthil N.S. Kumar, Leonard H Joseph, Ahmad Pharmy Jalil Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Contributions of Motoneuron Hyperexcitability to Clinical Spasticity in Hemispheric Stroke Survivors
Spasticity, affecting up to 43% of chronic stroke survivors (Wissel et al., 2013), is diagnosed clinically as muscular hypertonia, coupled with other reflex disturbances. This hypertonia is defined as a velocity-dependent resistance to stretching due to exaggerated reflex responses (Lance, 1980). There are also concurrent mechanical changes of the muscular-tendon complex, which also contribute to increased muscle tone. Although spasticity can sometimes be beneficial for certain functional movements (e.g., making locomotion and body weight support possible), it is still a major neurological impairment that frequently limits...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - November 15, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Xiaogang Hu, Nina L. Suresh, Matthieu K. Chardon, William Z. Rymer Source Type: research
9. Brain network modulation following motor imagery BCI-assisted training after stroke
To evaluate the influence of Motor Imagery (MI) training assisted via Brain Computer Interface (BCI) on brain network organization in subacute stroke patients. We analyzed EEG-derived brain networks estimated before and after two training strategies (with and without BCI support); correlations between connectivity indices and clinical improvement were performed. Twenty-eight subacute stroke patients were enrolled and assigned to two groups: 14 patients underwent a one-month motor imagery (MI) training supported by a sensorimotor–based BCI (BCI group) while 14 underwent a similar MI training without BCI support (CTRL group).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - December 13, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: F. Pichiorri, M. Petti, G. Morone, M. Molinari, L. Astolfi, F. Cincotti, M. Inghilleri, D. Mattia Source Type: research
