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Source: Clinical Neurophysiology
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Total 347 results found since Jan 2013.
FV 13 Electrophysiological correlates of language recovery – an MEG study of neuroplasticity in chronic post stroke aphasia
Previous studies have demonstrated that efficient language and communication therapy in chronic post stroke aphasia leads to significant clinical language improvements (Pulverm üller et al., 2001) and promotes neuroplasticity. Brain areas frequently associated with functional restitution of language comprise perilesional sites in the left hemisphere (MacGregor et al., 2015) as well as right-hemispheric regions, homotopic to those lesioned in the left (Mohr et al., 2014). To date, however, the neuronal mechanisms underlying therapy-induced language changes and functional restitution are still largely unclear.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 8, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: B. Mohr, S. Difrancesco, L. MacGregor, Y. Shtyrov Tags: Free Lecture Source Type: research
Behavioral and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying motor skill learning in patients with post-stroke hemiparesis
Skilled actions of daily life such as reaching across a busy table to pick a coffee mug are often performed with accurate, yet fast and efficient arm movements. Such complex skilled actions require optimization of speed and accuracy; and rely on efficient planning and execution (Begliomini et al., 2014; Fang et al., 2015; Orban de Xivry et al., 2017; Stewart et al., 2013). Following a neurological insult such as stroke, skilled arm movements are greatly impaired in the paretic (weaker) arm such that task performance is slow, inaccurate and fragmented (Cirstea et al., 2003; Levin, 1996; Liu et al., 2013; Shaikh et al., 2014...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - October 25, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Shailesh Kantak, Robert McGrath, Nazaneen Zahedi, Dustin Luchmee Source Type: research
Interhemispheric motor interactions in hemiparetic children with perinatal stroke: Clinical correlates and effects of neuromodulation therapy
Perinatal ischemic stroke (PS) is the occlusion of arteries or veins that results in cerebral damage between 20 weeks gestation and 28 days of life (Raju, 2007; Nelson and Lynch, 2004). PS is common, occurring in>1:3000 live births, and accounts for most hemiparetic cerebral palsy (CP) (Kirton and DeVeber, 2013). Children with PS-induced hemiparetic CP typically manifest motor asymmetry and early hand preference in the first 4-6 months of life (Kirton et al., 2010b). How the motor system develops following such early unilateral brain injury is increasingly defined by animal (Martin et al., 2007) and human (Eyre, 2007; Staudt, 2007) studies.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - November 25, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Derek Eng, Ephrem Zewdie, Patrick Ciechanski, Omar Damji, Adam Kirton Source Type: research
Stroke causes a transient imbalance of interhemispheric information flow in EEG during Non-REM sleep
Stroke is one of the leading causes of disabilities and represents a major medical and socio-economical burden (Adamson et al., 2004; Global Burden of Disease Study Collaborators, 2015; Ovbiagele et al., 2013). Ischemic strokes account for more than 2/3 of all strokes (Feigin et al., 2009). In the minutes to weeks following the onset of a focal cerebral ischemia, a variety of local but also more distant changes in connectivity occur (Silasi and Murphy, 2014; Xerri et al., 2014). In particular, functional neuroimaging studies have highlighted a “hyperactivity” of the homotopic contralesional region following a unilatera...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - April 17, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Frederic Zubler, Andrea Seiler, Thomas Horvath, Corinne Roth, Silvia Miano, Christian Rummel, Heidemarie Gast, Lino Nobili, Kaspar A. Schindler, Claudio L. Bassetti Source Type: research
PB3. Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation in neurointensive care patients suffering from severe post-stroke dysphagia – Post stimulation increase of salivary substance P level may indicate treatment success
Dysphagia is one of the most important and prognostically relevant complications of acute stroke. Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation (PES) is a treatment device that enhances cortical reorganization for the restoration of swallowing function after cerebral injury. Furthermore, it was shown that PES leads to a temporary increase of Substance P (SP) level in saliva but not serum in healthy adults. The neuropeptide SP likely acts as a neurotransmitter in the pharyngeal mucosa and enhances the swallow and cough reflex.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: P. Muhle, S. Suntrup-Krueger, S. Bittner, T. Ruck, I. Claus, T. Marian, J.B. Schr öder, J. Minnerup, T. Warnecke, S.G. Meuth, R. Dziewas Source Type: research
FV5. Tapping into neural resources of verbal communication may help overcome difficulties in speech-motor planning after stroke
Decades of research highlight the importance of formulaic expressions in everyday spoken language. Utterances of this linguistic category are, by definition, fixed in form and embedded in communicative-pragmatic context (e.g., ‘Thank you,’ ‘How are you?’ or ‘I’m fine’). A growing body of neuroscience evidence suggests that formulaic expressions engage, in particular, right-hemisphere cortical and bilateral subcortical neural networks (cf. Stahl and Van Lancker Sidtis, 2015). This may explain why left-hemisph ere stroke patients often suffer from impaired speech-motor planning, while they are still able to com...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: B. Stahl, A. Fl öel, B. Amelew, F. Regenbrecht, S.A. Kotz Source Type: research
Activation of elbow extensors during passive stretch of flexors in patients with post-stroke spasticity
Spasticity affects up to 40% of individuals after stroke (Wissel et al., 2013). The most widely accepted definition of spasticity describes it as one component of a complex motor system disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in stretch reflex excitability associated with exaggerated tendon jerks (Lance, 1980).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 24, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mindy F. Levin, John M. Solomon, Akash Shah, Andr éanne K. Blanchette, Anatol G. Feldman Source Type: research
Non-invasive brain stimulation in the modulation of cerebral blood flow after stroke: a systematic review of Transcranial Doppler studies
NIBS has been successfully explored as a biomarker and therapeutic adjunct for functional recovery after stroke. rTMS and tDCS are two such promising neuromodulatory techniques that have been widely investigated to prime the motor areas of the brain in combination with task-specific practice (Bastani et al., 2012, Hsu et al., 2012, Jodie et al., 2015, Le et al., 2014). Although these techniques have demonstrated modest efficacy, clinical translation is still limited as the underlying physiological mechanisms are not completely understood, nor is the inter-individual variability associated with these techniques resolved (L ...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - October 24, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Pooja C Iyer, Sangeetha Madhavan Source Type: research
IS 21. tDCS effects on ipsilateral motor control: Robbing Peter to pay Paul?
Conclusions: In patients with upper limb weakness after stroke, the role of the cM1 for upper limb control can vary between individuals, depending on extent of damage to the corticospinal pathway. We present a neurophysiological model that explains how the cM1 may gain control of the paretic arm via the CRPP and why suppression of cM1 with NBS can be beneficial for some patients, but detrimental for others. Finally we describe ways to predict whether cM1 suppression may be indicated or contraindicated for an individual patient after stroke.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: W.D. Byblow, L.V. Bradnam, P.A. Barber, C.M. Stinear Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research
7. Convulsive and non-convulsive seizures observed from aging mice following brian ischemia episodes
Conclusions: The early-onset seizures result from severe cerebral ischemia and brain injury. Generation of the convulsive seizures may involve deeper sub-cortical structures particularly the brainstem, and the non-convulsive EEG discharges may originate from the hippocampus. Our data may help understanding genesis of post-stroke seizures in the aging/aged population.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - April 7, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Liang Zhang Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research
S4-4. Neurophysiological examination for the assessment of rehabilitation
We examined SICI and IHI using transcranial magnetic stimulation technique in chronic stroke patients with severe hemiparesis to find out fundamentals for rehabilitation strategy. Results indicated individual variability of SICI in affected and unaffected hemisphere was very large, and SICI in unaffected hemisphere was not necessarily disinhibited. SICI in affected hemisphere was correlated with the period after the onset of stroke and motor function of the paretic hand. On the other hand, IHI varied depending on motor function of the paretic hand. These findings about SICI and IHI showed potential plasticity even in chron...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 16, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kaoru Honaga, Toshiyuki Fujiwara Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research
S5-2. HANDS therapy – Functional recovery and neurophysiological reorganization
We examined the change of short intracortical inhibition (SICI) and reciprocal inhibition (RI) to examine the effects of the HANDS therapy to the cortico-spinal systems in chronic stroke patients.In many patients, the SICI in an affected hemisphere was decreased, and RI of a paretic arm was increased after HANDS therapy. It means the excitability of an affected cortex was increased and reciprocal inhibition of a paretic arm was enhanced in spinal level. These changes were correlated with improvement of motor function after treatment. Furthermore, in HANDS therapy, the change of neurophysiological factor and motor function ...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 16, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kaoru Honaga, Toshiyuki Fujiwara Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research
P 181. Impact of offline transcranial direct current stimulation on consolidation of motor sequence learning in healthy elderly subjects
Conclusions: Offline application of anodal tDCS over M1 post training improves consolidation of motor sequence learning in elderly subjects until at least 22h post training. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential benefit of offline-tDCS in motor learning in healthy elderly and stroke patients.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: M. Wegscheider, J.-J. Rumpf, C. Fricke, D. Weise, J. Classen Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research
