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Source: Clinical Neurophysiology
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Total 347 results found since Jan 2013.
IS 15. Flashes of insight: Non-conventional NIBS reveals novel ways to stimulate the brain
Conclusion: These non-conventional NIBS techniques may thus be opening new research domains for influencing brain activity and to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders in a non-invasive way.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A. Antal, L. Chaieb, G.G. Ambrus, W. Paulus Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research
IS 22. Coupling of motor imagination and nervous system stimulation to induce cortical plasticity
We recently developed a novel technique for inducing plasticity in the human motor cortex by combining the physiologically generated signal when a person imagines a simple dorsiflexion task with the peripheral stimulation of the nerve that innervates the muscle involved in the task (). The subject activates the relevant brain areas via imagination and is provided with the expected afferent feedback via the single peripheral electrical stimulation to the target nerve. This protocol induced significant plasticity only when the afferent volley was timed to arrive during the peak negativity (PN) of the movement-related cortica...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: N. Mrachacz-Kersting, N. Jiang, K. Dremstrup, D. Farina Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research
IS 23. Testing cortical connectivity with multifocal TMS
Multifocal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been recently investigated as a powerful method able to detect, within a millisecond time scale, direct information on the causal connectivity between distant cortical areas. A conditioning stimulus (CS) is first used to activate putative pathways to the motor cortex from, for example, the posterior parietal cortex or the premotor cortex, while a second, test stimulus (TS), delivered over the M1 a few milliseconds later probes any changes in excitability that are produced by the CS. When tested at rest, the activation of these cortico-cortical projections may induce ei...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: G. Koch Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research
IS 45. Brain stimulation-enhanced therapy for visual neglect
Conclusions: This is the first proof-of-principle demonstration that a single-shot, simple behavioural procedure combined with TDCS can remediate treatment-unresponsive chronic visual neglect. TDCS provoked a positive therapeutic response in patients who did not otherwise respond to the behavioural therapy. By enhancing the consolidation of prism therapy, TDCS increased both the gain and longevity of therapeutic response, yielding large, long-lasting improvements in visual neglect.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: J. O’Shea, P. Revol, H. Cousijn, J. Near, C. Stagg, G. Rode, Y. Rossetti Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research
P 20. Corticobulbar projection and intracortical circuits in the facial motor cortex innervating lower facial muscles in healthy humans
Introduction: Despite the importance of facial muscles in social life and their frequent and disabling involvement in stroke or movement disorders, conclusive data concerning bilaterality, symmetry and hemisphere dominance in the control of lower facial muscles are not available yet. In addition, the role of intracortical circuits in the modulation of resting and active facial muscles is still debated.Objectives: Methods: In nine healthy subjects, left and right hemisphere were tested using single and paired pulse TMS methods to probe hot spot, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) latencies and amplitudes as well as short-interv...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: G. Pilurzi, H. Alkomiet, T.A. Saifee, A. Manca, E. Tolu, J.C. Rothwell, F. Deriu Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research
P 29. BDNF val66met polymorphism influences the time course of changes in corticospinal excitability induced by paired associative and transcranial direct current stimulation
It is widely appreciated that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is released in an activity dependent manner within the brain, and that it plays a key role in regulating synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation (LTP). A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arises at nucleotide 196 of the eponymous gene in humans. This gives rise to a valine to methionine substitution at codon 66 of the precursor protein. When assessed in animal models, the presence of this substitution is associated with impaired intracellular transport and reduced capacity for LTP.Differences between met carriers and val homozygotes have been ...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: B.D. Nelson, R.G. Carson Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research
P 70. The role of parietal cortex in awareness of motor intention – human rTMS study
Conclusion: The neural processing in the left PC might be important for the awareness of the intention to move, because the duration from the intention to movement was prolonged after the transient suppression of the left PC. One previous study showed the decrease that duration in patients with PC lesion (Sirigu, 2004). However, there are another study reporting the normal W-judgment time in those patients (Lafargue, 2008). This controversy may be due to the functional compensation in the chronic stage. The functional suppression induced by rTMS may be similar to the acute one, so that the present results cannot be directl...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A. Ashizuka, Y. Ueki, T. Aso, M. Matsuhashi, H. Fukuyama, T. Mima Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research
P 105. Efficacy of Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation in rehabilitation of motor hand function in chronic incomplete spinal cord injury may depend on sensory impairment: A pilot study
Introduction: Impairment of motor function in Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with reduction in the excitability of motor cortical (M1) representations to muscles (), while recovery is associated with representational plasticity (). Noninvasive brain stimulation (NBS) such as anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) increases M1 excitability, and has beneficial effects on retention of motor skill training in both the healthy and chronic stroke survivor (). However, sensory impairment may independently predict limits of recovery of functional independence ().Objective: This pilot study included incomple...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: J. Ashworth-Beaumont, A. Nowicky Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research
P 162. The effects of direct current stimulation on motor cortex excitability in children and adolescents
Conclusion: Our study will provide new insight into the principles of tDCS stimulation and its therapeutic value in treatment of childhood neurological and psychiatric disorders. This may further refine the effective use of tDCS in pediatric population.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: V. Moliadze, T. Schmanke, S. Bassüner, C. Freitag, M. Siniatchkin Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research
P 171. Bihemispheric motor cortex stimulation in older adults induces modulations of resting state and task-related activity
Bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation (“dual” tDCS) of primary motor cortices has been described to enhance motor learning in healthy subjects and to facilitate motor recovery after stroke. In order to investigate the neural correlates of its mode of action, we compared different tDCS montages in a group of healthy older adults in a cross-over design (‘dual’ vs. ‘anodal’ vs. ‘sham’).20 subjects (mean age 68.7±4.7years, all right-handed) underwent tDCS and simultaneous MRI at 3T, including resting state fMRI and a choice reaction time task. In the task, subjects were presented with different...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: R. Lindenberg, L. Nachtigall, M. Meinzer, M.M. Sieg, A. Flöel Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research
P 174. Effects of paired associative stimulation on developmental motor plasticity in children
Introduction: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) offers increasingly sophisticated means of assessing neurophysiology and neuroplasticity mechanisms but applications in children have been limited. Paired associative stimulation (PAS) is an advanced TMS method that pairs peripheral sensory stimulation with TMS primary motor cortex (M1) stimulation. PAS induces rapid, reversible and topographically specific increases in adult motor cortex excitability consistent with NMDAR-dependent long-term potentiation. PAS has not been studied in the more plastic brains of children.Objectives: Our aim wasto define the developmental ...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: O. Damji, J. Roe, S. Shinde, O. Kotsovsky, A. Kirton Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research
P 194. The EEG correlates of the TMS induced EMG silent period in humans
Application of magnetic or electrical stimulation to the motor cortex can result in a period of electromyography (EMG) silence in a tonically active peripheral muscle. This period of EMG silence is referred to as the silent period (SP). The duration of SP shows intersubject variability and reflects the integrity of the cortical and corticospinal pathways. A non-invasive technique for assessing the duration of SP is the combination of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) with EMG. Utilizing TMS-EMG, several studies have reported on the shortening or lengthening of SP in neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, b...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: F. Farzan, M.S. Barr, S. Hoppenbrouwers, P.B. Fitzgerald, R. Chen, A. Pascual-Leone, Z.J. Daskalakis Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research
P 207. Reliability of an automated protocol versus manual interpreters in analysing cortical silent period
Introduction: Cortical silent period (cSP) is measured after shortly interrupting active muscle contraction with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) (Fuhr, 1991). The cSP is a measure of cortical inhibition and representing interneuron inhibitory effect at excited motor cortical areas. Several pathological conditions and pharmacological manipulations induce changes to cSP duration. In addition, cSP has exhibited prognostic value e.g., during stroke recovery (Curra, 2002). It has been suggested that input–output characteristics of cSP be determined for thorough assessment of inhibitory interneurons (Werhahn, 2007; Kim...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: P. Julkunen, E. Kallioniemi, L. Säisänen, M. Könönen Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research
45. Patient presenting with transient phosphenes and headache: A case of fibromuscular dysplasia
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), is a nonatherosclerotic, noninflammatory vascular disease commonly affecting the renal, extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries (VA). Etiology remains unknown. Clinical presentation is determined by distribution of arteries affected. Carotid artery involvement is associated with headache, TIA, stroke, pulsatile tinnitus, or may be asymptomatic. Treatment is being recommended in symptomatic cases. A 49-year-old Caucasian woman, was presented to our emergency department for transient phosphenes in right eye, followed by front-temporal headache. Cranial CT was normal, cervical duplex ultraso...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - October 21, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: F. Sartucci, E. Giorli, A. Chiti, I. Pesaresi, M. Puglioli, G. Orlandi, U. Bonuccelli Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research
59. Alterations of the electroencephalographic rhythms in children with Sickle Cell disease (SCD): Source analysis with LORETA
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a congenital familial pathology of the haemoglobin and it is classified as the most common genetic disease in the world.Neurological complications are very frequent: symptomatic stroke occurs in 11% of the SCD patients before they reach 20years of age, while 35% of the patients shows silent damages at the RMN with cognitive impairments and learning disabilities. The aim of this study is to verify the hypothesis that a different cerebral maturation between children with SCD and healthy controls exists. This has been achieved with the spectral analysis of electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms and...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - October 21, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A. Bertoldo, P. Rampazzo, R. Manara, R. Colombatti, L. Sainati, M. Ermani Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research
