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Source: Clinical Neurophysiology
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Total 347 results found since Jan 2013.
The effects of functional electrical stimulation on upper-extremity function and cortical plasticity in chronic stroke patients
I was pleased to read the study by . ‘The effects of electromyography-controlled functional electrical stimulation on upper extremity function and cortical perfusion in stroke patients’ published in the Clinical Neurophysiology journal.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - January 22, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Rebeca Boltes Cecatto Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research
Stroke gait rehabilitation: Is load perception a first step towards load control?
Stroke is often considered to be primarily a motor deficiency, yet sensory deficits play a major role in motor behavior and therefore should not be overlooked. This is particularly true for locomotion. Basically one major aim of gait is to support the body against gravity. Hence, not surprisingly, it has been found that load receptors play a very important role in the regulation of gait in a wide variety of animals (Duysens et al., 2000). Load receptors are present in extensor muscles (Golgi tendon organs) and in the foot sole (cutaneous receptors).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 9, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jacques Duysens, Firas Massaad Source Type: research
Startling acoustic stimuli can evoke fast hand extension movements in stroke survivors
Movement deficits following stroke are particularly prevalent in the hand leading to significant reduction in independence and the ability to participate in daily functions (Latham, 1989). Therefore, new therapies that target the hand are extremely valuable. Startle-elicited movements have recently been implicated as a possible therapy target. The classic startle reflex that occurs during exposure to a startling stimulus, e.g. loud sound, results in the adoption of a protective stance (flexion of the upper joints).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - June 18, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Claire Fletcher Honeycutt, Ursina Andrea Tresch, Eric Jon Perreault Source Type: research
Asymmetries in vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in chronic stroke survivors with spastic hypertonia: Evidence for a vestibulospinal role
Spastic hypertonia or “spasticity” is a frequent and often disabling sequel to hemispheric stroke (Watkins et al., 2002; Urban et al., 2010). It is a motor disorder, manifesting as a sharply lateralized muscular hypertonia on the contralesional side with exaggerated phasic and tonic stretch reflex activity (Lance, 1980). Clinically, spasticity presents as an increase in the resistance of a passive limb to externally applied joint motion and is commonly associated with deficits in both motor and functional performance (Bohannon et al., 1987; O’Dwyer et al., 1996; Watkins et al., 2002; Sommerfeld et al., 2004).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - March 13, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Derek M. Miller, Cliff S. Klein, Nina L. Suresh, William Z. Rymer Source Type: research
How do the physiology and transcallosal effects of the unaffected hemisphere change during inpatient rehabilitation after stroke?
In this issue of Clinical Neurophysiology, Takechi and colleagues publish a paper entitled “Longitudinal changes of motor cortical excitability and transcallosal inhibition after subcortical stroke” that represents a long-overdue examination of changes in interhemispheric interactions during an important period for the recovery of motor function after stroke. It has been suspected that this type of recovery to neuronal damage represents a type of neuroplasticity, potentially with both adaptive and maladaptive processes.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - February 27, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: George F. Wittenberg, Michael A. Dimyan Source Type: research
Longitudinal changes of motor cortical excitability and transcallosal inhibition after subcortical stroke
Motor circuit reorganization in the cerebral cortex is known to contribute to recovery following stroke. This reorganization can be examined by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) using measures of corticospinal and intracortical excitability (Liepert et al., 2000; Shimizu et al., 2002; Liepert et al., 2005; Talelli et al., 2006; Wittenberg et al., 2007; Bütefisch et al., 2008; Manganotti et al., 2008; Swayne et al., 2008; Takeuchi et al., 2010). TMS measures such as motor threshold (MT) and recruitment curve (RC) reflect corticospinal excitability, whereas intracortical excitability is reflected by cortical silent pe...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - February 27, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Utako Takechi, Kaoru Matsunaga, Ryoji Nakanishi, Hiroaki Yamanaga, Nobuki Murayama, Kosuke Mafune, Sadatoshi Tsuji Source Type: research
Stroke gait rehabilitation: Is load perception a first step towards load control?
Stroke is often considered to be primarily a motor deficiency, yet sensory deficits play a major role in motor behavior and therefore should not be overlooked. This is particularly true for locomotion. Basically one major aim of gait is to support the body against gravity. Hence, not surprisingly, it has been found that load receptors play a very important role in the regulation of gait in a wide variety of animals (Duysens et al., 2000). Load receptors are present in extensor muscles (Golgi tendon organs) and in the foot sole (cutaneous receptors).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 9, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jacques Duysens, Firas Massaad Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Startling acoustic stimuli can evoke fast hand extension movements in stroke survivors
Movement deficits following stroke are particularly prevalent in the hand leading to significant reduction in independence and the ability to participate in daily functions (Latham, 1989). Therefore, new therapies that target the hand are extremely valuable. Startle-elicited movements have recently been implicated as a possible therapy target. The classic startle reflex that occurs during exposure to a startling stimulus, e.g. loud sound, results in the adoption of a protective stance (flexion of the upper joints).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - June 18, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Claire Fletcher Honeycutt, Ursina Andrea Tresch, Eric Jon Perreault Source Type: research
Asymmetries in vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in chronic stroke survivors with spastic hypertonia: Evidence for a vestibulospinal role
Spastic hypertonia or “spasticity” is a frequent and often disabling sequel to hemispheric stroke (Watkins et al., 2002; Urban et al., 2010). It is a motor disorder, manifesting as a sharply lateralized muscular hypertonia on the contralesional side with exaggerated phasic and tonic stretch reflex activity (Lance, 1980). Clinically, spasticity presents as an increase in the resistance of a passive limb to externally applied joint motion and is commonly associated with deficits in both motor and functional performance (Bohannon et al., 1987; O’Dwyer et al., 1996; Watkins et al., 2002; Sommerfeld et al., 2004).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - March 13, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Derek M. Miller, Cliff S. Klein, Nina L. Suresh, William Z. Rymer Source Type: research
How do the physiology and transcallosal effects of the unaffected hemisphere change during inpatient rehabilitation after stroke?
In this issue of Clinical Neurophysiology, Takechi and colleagues publish a paper entitled “Longitudinal changes of motor cortical excitability and transcallosal inhibition after subcortical stroke” that represents a long-overdue examination of changes in interhemispheric interactions during an important period for the recovery of motor function after stroke. It has been suspected that this type of recovery to neuronal damage represents a type of neuroplasticity, potentially with both adaptive and maladaptive processes.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - March 3, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: George F. Wittenberg, Michael A. Dimyan Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Longitudinal changes of motor cortical excitability and transcallosal inhibition after subcortical stroke
Motor circuit reorganization in the cerebral cortex is known to contribute to recovery following stroke. This reorganization can be examined by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) using measures of corticospinal and intracortical excitability (Liepert et al., 2000; Shimizu et al., 2002; Liepert et al., 2005; Talelli et al., 2006; Wittenberg et al., 2007; Bütefisch et al., 2008; Manganotti et al., 2008; Swayne et al., 2008; Takeuchi et al., 2010). TMS measures such as motor threshold (MT) and recruitment curve (RC) reflect corticospinal excitability, whereas intracortical excitability is reflected by cortical silent pe...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - March 3, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Utako Takechi, Kaoru Matsunaga, Ryoji Nakanishi, Hiroaki Yamanaga, Nobuki Murayama, Kosuke Mafune, Sadatoshi Tsuji Source Type: research
P11. Quality of Life after pediatric ischemic stroke: Five year follow-up of swiss children
Children after pediatric arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) are known to suffer from neurological and neuropsychological impairments but limited data is available concerning quality of life (QoL) outcome. The aim of this present study is to examine long-term effects on QoL in a population-based AIS sample from Switzerland.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - October 1, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: S. Kornfeld, S. Winkelbeiner, M. Studer, E. Boltshauser, A. Capone Mori, A. Datta, J. Fluss, D. Mercati, A. Hackenberg, E. Keller, O. Maier, J.P. Marcoz, G.P. Ramelli, C. Poloni, R. Schmid, T. Schmitt-Mechelke, E Wehrli, T. Heinks, M. Steinlin Source Type: research
Diffusion imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation assessment of transcallosal pathways in chronic stroke
The corpus callosum is the largest white matter structure in the brain, consisting of neural fibre tracts that mediate interhemispheric communication. Such interhemispheric communication is especially important for movement, with inhibitory and excitatory signals transmitted between hemispheres based on whether unimanual or synchronous/asynchronous bimanual movement is performed (Carson, 2005). Deficits in motor function are commonly experienced following stroke and increasing evidence suggests that these deficits may be driven, in part, by disruption of transcallosal pathways (Murase et al., 2004; Duque et al., 2005; Gupt...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - January 14, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Cameron S. Mang, Michael R. Borich, Sonia M. Brodie, Katlyn E. Brown, Nicholas J. Snow, Katie P. Wadden, Lara A. Boyd Source Type: research
1-A-D-4. Effects of repetitive facilitative exercise with neuromuscular electrical stimulation, direct application of vibratory stimulation and repetitive transcranial stimulation of the hemiplegic hand in chronic stroke patients
Repetitive facilitative exercise (RFE) is a recently developed approach to the rehabilitation of hemiplegia. RFE can be integrated with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), direct application of vibratory stimulation (DAVS), and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to achieve further improvement. The aims of the present study were to retrospectively compare the effects of RFE and NMES+DAVS with those of RFE and rTMS and to determine the maximal effect of the combination of RFE with NMES, DAVS, rTMS and pharmacological treatments in chronic stroke patients.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - May 4, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Seiji Etoh, Tomokazu Noma, Shuji Matsumoto, Megumi Shimodozono, Kazumi Kawahira Source Type: research
Sensory stimulation in post-stroke postural imbalance: A novel treatment approach?
Postural disorders represent a frequent sequel after stroke and many patients do not regain undisturbed upright stance. Most often, patients show a so-called “postural imbalance” (PI) which denotes an asymmetric body position during stance as expressed by a lateral displacement of his/her centre of pressure towards the non-paretic leg and an increased lateral sway when measured on a force platform (Perennou 2006). Clinically, the result of this asymmetric body posture is a poorer rehabilitation outcome of those patients with PI, less functional autonomy and a poorer quality of life.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - May 22, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Lena Schmidt, Georg Kerkhoff, Kathrin S. Utz Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
