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Condition: ALS

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Total 644 results found since Jan 2013.

Scientists create mice with a major genetic cause of ALS and FTD
(NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) Scientists at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla., created a novel mouse that exhibits the symptoms and neurodegeneration associated with the most common genetic forms of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig's disease), both of which are caused by a mutation in the a gene called C9ORF72.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - May 22, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Wikipedia and neurological disorders
Publication date: July 2015 Source:Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, Volume 22, Issue 7 Author(s): Francesco Brigo , Stanley C. Igwe , Raffaele Nardone , Piergiorgio Lochner , Frediano Tezzon , Willem M. Otte Our aim was to evaluate Wikipedia page visits in relation to the most common neurological disorders by determining which factors are related to peaks in Wikipedia searches for these conditions. Millions of people worldwide use the internet daily as a source of health information. Wikipedia is a popular free online encyclopedia used by patients and physicians to search for health-related information. The following Wi...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience - May 31, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Glutamate transporter EAAT2: regulation, function, and potential as a therapeutic target for neurological and psychiatric disease.
Abstract Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) is primarily responsible for clearance of extracellular glutamate to prevent neuronal excitotoxicity and hyperexcitability. EAAT2 plays a critical role in regulation of synaptic activity and plasticity. In addition, EAAT2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many central nervous system disorders. In this review, we summarize current understanding of EAAT2, including structure, pharmacology, physiology, and functions, as well as disease relevancy, such as in stroke, Park...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS - June 2, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Takahashi K, Foster JB, Lin CL Tags: Cell Mol Life Sci Source Type: research

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal models with neuroinflammation: An update.
Abstract Neuroinflammation is a characteristic of a multitude of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Modulating inflammatory pathways offers a potential therapeutic target in these disorders. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties in the periphery, however, their effect on neuroinflammation is less studied. This review summarizes 61 animal studies that tested the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on neuroinflammatory outcomes in vivo in various models including stroke, spinal cord injury, aging, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, lipopolysacch...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - May 30, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Trépanier MO, Hopperton KE, Orr SK, Bazinet RP Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: research

An introduction to the roles of purinergic signalling in neurodegeneration, neuroprotection and neuroregeneration.
Abstract Purinergic signalling appears to play important roles in neurodegeneration, neuroprotection and neuroregeneration. Initially there is a brief summary of the background of purinergic signalling, including release of purines and pyrimidines from neural and non-neural cells and their ectoenzymatic degradation, and the current characterisation of P1 (adenosine), and P2X (ion channel) and P2Y (G protein-coupled) nucleotide receptor subtypes. There is also coverage of the localization and roles of purinoceptors in the healthy central nervous system. The focus is then on the roles of purinergic signalling in tra...
Source: Neuropharmacology - June 5, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Burnstock G Tags: Neuropharmacology Source Type: research

Current approaches to enhance glutamate transporter function and expression
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - June 20, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Andréia C. K. Fontana Tags: Review Source Type: research

Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza on CNS Neuronal Injury and Degeneration: A Plausible Complementary Role of Tanshinones and Depsides
Planta MedDOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1546196 Salvia miltiorrhiza is a very important herbal drug of traditional Chinese medicine. Bioactive constituents are represented by two main groups of secondary metabolites, the lipophilic diterpenic quinones known as tanshinones and the hydrophilic depsides known as salvianolic acids. S. miltiorrhiza extracts and single constituents have been shown to have positive effects in central nervous system neuronal injury and degeneration in several animal models by various biological mechanisms. Both tanshinones and depsides protect against β-amyloid-induced toxicity, but their mechanis...
Source: Planta Medica - July 17, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Bonaccini, LauraKarioti, AnastasiaBergonzi, Maria CamillaBilia, Anna Rita Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Regenerative cellular Therapies for neurologic Diseases.
Abstract The promise of stem cell regeneration has been the hope of many neurologic patients with permanent damage to the central nervous system. There are hundreds of stem cell trials worldwide intending to test the regenerative capacity of stem cells in various neurological conditions from Parkinson's disease to multiple sclerosis. Although no stem cell therapy is clinically approved for use in any human disease indication, patients are seeking out trials and asking clinicians for guidance. This review summarizes the current state of regenerative stem cell transplantation divided into seven conditions for which ...
Source: Brain Research - July 31, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Levy M, Boulis N, Rao M, Svendsen CN Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

Cannabinoids in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Stroke/Brain Trauma: From Preclinical Models to Clinical Applications
Abstract Cannabinoids form a singular family of plant-derived compounds (phytocannabinoids), endogenous signaling lipids (endocannabinoids), and synthetic derivatives with multiple biological effects and therapeutic applications in the central and peripheral nervous systems. One of these properties is the regulation of neuronal homeostasis and survival, which is the result of the combination of a myriad of effects addressed to preserve, rescue, repair, and/or replace neurons, and also glial cells against multiple insults that may potentially damage these cells. These effects are facilitated by the location of spec...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - August 11, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

How The Ice Bucket Challenge Has Changed ALS Research
Last summer was full of people dumping buckets of ice on their heads in the name of funding ALS research. A year later, it looks like it was totally worth it.  The Ice Bucket Challenge raised over $100 million, according to the ALS Association, which is huge when you compare it to the $2.8 million it raised during the same period of the previous year.  And it turns out that this funding has already led to some exciting advances and discoveries in just a year -- a very short period of time in the field of medical research. During a Reddit AMA, researcher Jonathan Ling opened up about how helpful the Ice Bucket Cha...
Source: Science - The Huffington Post - August 12, 2015 Category: Science Source Type: news

Informal caregivers of clients with neurological conditions: profiles, patterns and risk factors for distress from a home care prevalence study
Conclusions: Neurological conditions are common among home care clients and a significant proportion of informal caregivers providing care to these clients experience distress. The complexity of clients with neurological conditions suggests the need for multicomponent support strategies for informal caregivers.
Source: BMC Health Services Research - August 28, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Lori MitchellJohn HirdesJeff PossCaroline Slegers-BoydHilary CaldarelliLynn Martin Source Type: research

Mechanism-based design of 2,3-benzodiazepine inhibitors for AMPA receptors
Publication date: Available online 26 September 2015 Source:Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B Author(s): Li Niu 2,3-Benzodiazepine (2,3-BDZ) compounds represent a group of structurally diverse, small-molecule antagonists of (R, S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (AMPA) receptors. Antagonists of AMPA receptors are drug candidates for potential treatment of a number of neurological disorders such as epilepsy, stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). How to make better inhibitors, such as 2,3-BDZs, has been an enduring quest in drug discovery. Among a few available tools to address this specific ...
Source: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B - September 27, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Bio-Distribution of Infused Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells in Alzheimer's Disease-Like Murine Model.
In this report, we followed the bioavailability of HUCBCs in AD-like transgenic PSAPP mice and non-transgenic Sprague-Dawley rats. HUCBCs were injected in tail veins of mice or rats at a single dose of 1 x 10(6) or 2.2 x 10(6) cells, respectively, prior to harvesting of tissues at 24 hours, 7 days, and 30 days after injection. For determination of HUCBC distribution, tissues from both species were subjected to total DNA isolation and PCR amplification of the gene for human glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Our results show a relatively similar bio-distribution and retention of HUCBCs in both mouse and rat organs. HUCBCs ...
Source: Cell Transplantation - September 25, 2015 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell Transplant Source Type: research

Dormant viral genes may awaken to cause ALS
Scientists at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) discovered that reactivation of ancient viral genes embedded in the human genome may cause the destruction of neurons in some forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Source: NINDS Press Releases and News: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - September 30, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: news