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Nitric Oxide-Based Treatment of Poor-Grade Patients After Severe Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
ConclusionsEven in comatose/intubated patients, TCD-guided dual-compartment administration of NO donors probably could reverse macrospasm and seems to be feasible. The number of DCI was much lower than expected in this specific subgroup, indicating that this treatment possibly provides a positive impact on outcomes. A randomized trial should verify or falsify our results.
Source: Neurocritical Care - August 14, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Dissociation between macro- and microvascular parameters in the early phase of hemorrhagic shock
Publication date: Available online 31 July 2019Source: Microvascular ResearchAuthor(s): Ronald Lima, Nivaldo Villela, Raquel Castiglione, Maria das Graças C. de Souza, Eliete BouskelaAbstractHemorrhagic shock (HS) therapy is based on macrohemodynamic improvement, but it is not clear if this therapy correlates directly with increases in tissue perfusion. Aiming to clarify this point, we compared norepinephrine (NE, a vasoconstrictor), sodium nitroprusside (NP, a vasodilator) and levosimendan (LEV, an inodilator) treatments on macro and microvascular parameters using the hamster dorsal skinfold chamber preparation. One hour...
Source: Microvascular Research - July 31, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Effect of nitrite on the electroencephalographic activity in the healthy brain
ConclusionOur study shows that exogenous sodium nitrite does not alter the electrical activity in the healthy brain. This might be because the sodium nitrite is converted to vasoactive nitric oxide in areas of hypoxia, and in the healthy brain there is no significant amount of conversion due to lack of hypoxia. However, this lack of change in the power spectrum density in healthy people emphasises the specificity of the brain's response to nitrite in disease.
Source: Nitric Oxide - June 27, 2019 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Intravenous thrombolysis with tPA and cortical involvement increase the risk of early poststroke seizures: Results of a case–control study
This article is part of the Special Issue “Seizures & Stroke
Source: Epilepsy and Behavior - June 8, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Intravenous thrombolysis with tPA and cortical involvement increase the risk of early poststroke seizures: Results of a case-control study.
This article is part of the Special Issue "Seizures & Stroke. PMID: 31182396 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Epilepsy and Behaviour - June 6, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Brigo F, Schneider M, Wagenpfeil G, Ragoschke-Schumm A, Fousse M, Holzhoffer C, Nardone R, Faßbender K, Lochner P Tags: Epilepsy Behav Source Type: research

Challenge to the Intestinal Mucosa During Sepsis
Conclusion The impact of sepsis on the gut is manifold, e.g., sepsis mediated alteration of the gut-blood barrier and increase in the intestinal permeability, which may correlate with the phenomena of bacterial translocation and lymphatic activation (“toxic-lymph”). Systemic consequences of sepsis are widespread and concern to the coagulative system, the microbiome as well as enzymes, such as pancreatic proteases, MMPs and IAPs. Nevertheless, the therapeutic approaches for modulating the mucosal immune system are still rarely effective in daily routine. Recent published studies showing that treatment with ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Using Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Stroke Therapy
Conclusion and Future Perspectives Stem cell-based therapy is a promising alternative for stroke treatment. While stem cells from different sources, including induced PSC, ESC, MSC, and NSC, have been investigated, using NSC and enhancing the natural mechanisms is most appropriate for brain repair. In preclinical models of stroke, stem cell transplantation has led to positive outcomes through a variety of cellular and molecular mechanisms, many being mediated by the array of beneficial factors produced by the cells. Recent advances in cellular reprogramming have provided alternative sources of NSC to be investigated, allo...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 28, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cryptotanshinone Attenuates Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/ Recovery-Induced Injury in an in vitro Model of Neurovascular Unit
Conclusions Despite the above limitations, we indicate that the protective mechanism of CTs against OGD/R damage might exert via inhibiting neuron apoptosis and attenuating BBB disruption. Furthermore, we also clarified that CTs inhibited neuronal apoptosis possibly by blocking the activation of MAPK signaling pathways, and CTs alleviating BBB disruption may associated with the regulation of TJPs and MMP-9 in our experiment. Accordingly, CTs will represent a novel and potent candidate for the treatment of CIRI in the future. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of China�...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 17, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Canagliflozin Inhibits Human Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Tube Formation
In conclusion, the present study identified canagliflozin as a potent inhibitor of human EC proliferation. The anti-proliferative action of canagliflozin is observed in ECs isolated from both the venous and arterial circulation, and is partly due to the blockade of cyclin A expression. In addition, this study found that canagliflozin inhibits tube formation in cultured ECs and mouse aortic rings. Notably, these actions are specific for canagliflozin and not seen with other SGLT2 inhibitors. The ability of canagliflozin to exert these pleiotropic effects on EC function may contribute to both the adverse and salutary actions...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 15, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

6-Bromoindirubin-3 ′-Oxime (6BIO) Suppresses the mTOR Pathway, Promotes Autophagy, and Exerts Anti-aging Effects in Rodent Liver
In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-aging effect, and molecular mechanism, of the novel anti-aging drug 6BIO on naturally aged mouse liver. Rapamycin, a well-known promising anti-aging drug that delays aging through mTOR-dependent autophagy (Zhou and Ye, 2018), was used as the positive control in the study. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the effects of 6BIO treatment in models of natural aging. Our results indicated that 6BIO ameliorates the decline of liver function with age, including lipid metabolism disorder, and attenuates hepatocyte senescence in aged mice, as revealed by altera...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 9, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Combining Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells With Erythropoietin Enhances Angiogenesis/Neurogenesis and Behavioral Recovery After Stroke
In conclusion, our results suggest that hUCBC infusion in combination with EPO administration demonstrates therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of stroke-induced injury by promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Further research that delineates the therapeutic mechanism of systemically administered hUCBC and EPO is required. Ethics Statement All experimental procedures involving animals were performed in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals as adopted and promulgated by the U. S. National Institutes of Health and were approved by CHA University Institutional Animal Care & Use Com...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 9, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Acute Management of Ischemic Stroke During Pregnancy.
Abstract Acute stroke in pregnancy can be devastating. Although neurologists will at some point be involved in the management, most of these patients are likely to first be evaluated by an obstetric care provider. It is, therefore, important for obstetric care providers to have an understanding of the presentation and management of stroke, particularly in the initial period when the window of opportunity for therapy is critical. Once suspected, a head computed tomography (CT) without contrast media should be performed without delay to rule out a hemorrhagic component. Patients presenting within 4.5 hours of sympto...
Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology - April 4, 2019 Category: OBGYN Authors: Pacheco LD, Hankins GDV, Saad AF, Saade GR Tags: Obstet Gynecol Source Type: research

Analysis of the Safety Profile of Direct Oral Anticoagulants Using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
Conclusion:Our analysis found that among DOACs rates of breakthrough VTE were significantly higher with rivaroxaban, and that reported rates of ischemic stroke were significantly higher with dabigatran. While no DOACs have been compared against each other in prospective trials, post-marketing reports have suggested that different safety profiles exist among DOACs, a finding reiterated by our analysis. The significantly higher rate of VTE reported with rivaroxaban as compared to other DOACs has not previously been described to the best of our knowledge and deserves further analysis. The two methods of comparing the anticoag...
Source: Blood - November 21, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Deloughery, E. P., Shatzel, J. J. Tags: 332. Antithrombotic Therapy: Poster II Source Type: research

Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate promotes endothelial integrity via regulating VE-cadherin dynamics and RhoA/ROCK-mediated cellular contractility and prevents atorvastatin-induced intracerebral hemorrhage in zebrafish.
Abstract Impaired vascular integrity leads to serious cerebral vascular diseases such as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In addition, high-dose statin therapy is suggested to cause increased ICH risk due to unclear effects of general inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) on the vascular system. Here we evaluated the protective effects of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS), which has high efficacy and safety in clinical studies of ischemic stroke, by using atorvastatin (Ator) induced ICH zebrafish embryos and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). By using double transgenic Tg(...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - May 3, 2018 Category: Toxicology Authors: Zhou ZY, Huang B, Li S, Huang XH, Tang JY, Kwan YW, Hoi PM, Lee SM Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Early Effects of Enteral Urea on Intracranial Pressure in Patients With Acute Brain Injury and Hyponatremia
Background: Hyponatremia occurs commonly after acute brain injury and is often due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Urea administration is 1 therapeutic option. Methods: In our Department, enteral urea is routinely administered to patients with acute brain injury who develop hyponatremia consistent with SIADH and do not respond to an initial sodium load. We reviewed the records of all patients over a 2-year period, who had acute brain injury, received enteral urea because of hyponatremia, and had intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring using an intraventricular catheter. We recorded ...
Source: Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology - September 6, 2017 Category: Anesthesiology Tags: Clinical Investigations Source Type: research

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