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Q & A: Dr. Thomas Rando on preventing age-related diseases and turning discoveries into cures
For Dr. Thomas Rando, the path to becoming a physician-scientist began with something that hedidn ’t learn in high school biology.After one class that touched on the connections between neurons and muscle fibers, Rando took it upon to himself to find all the information he could about how cells communicate through electrical signals.Soon, he began pursuing that interest at Harvard University, where he completed his undergraduate work, a doctorate in cell and developmental biology and his medical degree.Rando joined the neurology faculty at the Stanford University School of Medicine in 1995.There, he founded a clinic to t...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - December 10, 2021 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Blood Cholesterol and Outcome of Patients with Cancer under Regular Cardiological Surveillance
Curr Oncol. 2021 Feb 12;28(1):863-872. doi: 10.3390/curroncol28010085.ABSTRACTCardiovascular (CV) diseases and cancer share several similarities, including common risk factors. In the present investigation we assessed the relationship between cholesterol levels and mortality in a cardiooncological collective. In total, 551 patients receiving anticancer treatment were followed over a median of 41 (95% CI 40, 43) months and underwent regular cardiological surveillance. A total of 140 patients (25.4%) died during this period. Concomitant cardiac diseases were more common in patients who deceased (53 (37.9%) vs. 67 (16.3%), p ...
Source: Current Oncology - February 22, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Anna Lena Hohneck Stephanie Rosenkaimer Ralf-Dieter Hofheinz Ibrahim Akin Martin Borggrefe Stefan Gerhards Source Type: research

The Effect of Exosomes Derived from Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Combination with Rosuvastatin on Functional Recovery and Neuroprotection in Rats After Ischemic Stroke
In this study, neuroprotection and functional recovery of exosomes in combination with rosuvastatin have been investigated. Sixty adult male Wistar rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Exosome at the dose of 100  μg and/or rosuvastatin at the dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 7 days were administered to rats as a therapeutic strategy. The elevated body swing test (EBST) and Garcia score were conducted as behavioral tests for the measurement of functional recovery. The histopathological and immunohistochemical an alyses were also performed for the assessment of infarcted volume and neuroprotection in t...
Source: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience - January 22, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Stroke Dysbiosis Index (SDI) in Gut Microbiome Are Associated With Brain Injury and Prognosis of Stroke
Conclusions: We developed an index to measure gut microbiota dysbiosis in stroke patients; this index was significantly correlated with patients' outcome and was causally related to outcome in a mouse model of stroke. Our model facilitates the potential clinical application of gut microbiota data in stroke and adds quantitative evidence linking the gut microbiota to stroke. Introduction Ischemic stroke imposes a heavy burden on society, with 24.9 million cases worldwide (1). Although intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular treatment greatly improve some patients' prognosis, the prognosis for most pa...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Pentraxin 3 in Cardiovascular Disease
Giuseppe Ristagno1*, Francesca Fumagalli1, Barbara Bottazzi2, Alberto Mantovani2,3,4, Davide Olivari1, Deborah Novelli1 and Roberto Latini1 1Department of Cardiovascular Research, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy 2Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Milan, Italy 3Humanitas University, Milan, Italy 4The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom The long pentraxin PTX3 is a member of the pentraxin family produced locally by stromal and myeloid cells in response to proinflammatory signals and microbial moieties. The p...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 16, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Effect of Inflammation on the Process of Stroke Rehabilitation and Poststroke Depression
Conclusions Stroke comprises ischemic stroke and ICH. The immuno-inflammatory process is involved in neural plasticity following events such as a hemorrhage or ischemic stroke. After ischemia, astrocytes, microglia, and MDMs play important roles during rehabilitation with the modulation of cytokines or chemokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1. Moreover, MiRNAs are also important posttranscriptional regulators in these glial mitochondrial responses to cerebral ischemia. ICH involves processes similar and different to those seen in ischemia, including neuronal injury, astrocytic and microglial/macrophage activation, and n...
Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry - April 10, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

6-Bromoindirubin-3 ′-Oxime (6BIO) Suppresses the mTOR Pathway, Promotes Autophagy, and Exerts Anti-aging Effects in Rodent Liver
In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-aging effect, and molecular mechanism, of the novel anti-aging drug 6BIO on naturally aged mouse liver. Rapamycin, a well-known promising anti-aging drug that delays aging through mTOR-dependent autophagy (Zhou and Ye, 2018), was used as the positive control in the study. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the effects of 6BIO treatment in models of natural aging. Our results indicated that 6BIO ameliorates the decline of liver function with age, including lipid metabolism disorder, and attenuates hepatocyte senescence in aged mice, as revealed by altera...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 9, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Statins therapy is associated with increased populations of early endothelial progenitor (CD133+/VEGFR2+) and endothelial (CD34-/CD133-/VEGFR2+) cells in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
CONCLUSIONS: Statins treatment is likely to have a positive effect on spontaneous CD133+/VEGFR2+ and CD34¯/CD133¯/VEGFR2+ cell mobilization triggered by stroke. PMID: 29886830 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current Neurovascular Research - June 11, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Golab-Janowska M, Paczkowska E, Machalinski B, Meller A, Kotlega D, Safranow K, Wankowicz P, Nowacki P Tags: Curr Neurovasc Res Source Type: research

Scientists Discover a Bone-Deep Risk for Heart Disease
Few doctors, and even fewer patients, have heard of C.H.I.P. But it is emerging as a major cause of heart attacks and stroke, as deadly as high blood pressure or cholesterol.
Source: NYT Health - January 29, 2018 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: GINA KOLATA Tags: Heart Stem Cells Leukemia Genetics and Heredity Stroke Bone Marrow Blood Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis McCarroll, Steven A (1970- ) Kathiresan, Sekar Walsh, Kenneth Source Type: news

Macrophage-Specific Expression of IL-37 in Hyperlipidemic Mice Attenuates Atherosclerosis.
This study was undertaken to elucidate the role of macrophage-expressed IL-37 in reducing the production and effects of proinflammatory cytokines, preventing foam cell formation, and reducing the development of atherosclerosis. Expression of human IL-37 was achieved with a macrophage-specific overexpression system, using the CD68 promoter in mouse primary bone marrow-derived macrophages via retroviral transduction. Macrophage IL-37 expression in vitro resulted in decreased mRNA (e.g., IL-1B, IL-6, and IL-12) and secreted protein production (e.g., IL-6, M-CSF, and ICAM-1) of key inflammatory mediators. IL-37 expression also...
Source: Journal of Immunology - October 13, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: McCurdy S, Baumer Y, Toulmin E, Lee BH, Boisvert WA Tags: J Immunol Source Type: research

Association between Exposure to p,p ′-DDT and Its Metabolite p,p′-DDE with Obesity: Integrated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Conclusions: We classified p,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDE as “presumed” to be obesogenic for humans, based on a moderate level of primary human evidence, a moderate level of primary in vivo evidence, and a moderate level of supporting evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP527 Received: 17 May 2016 Revised: 04 May 2017 Accepted: 09 May 2017 Published: 18 September 2017 Please address correspondence to M.A. La Merrill, Dept. of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave., 4245 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616-5270 USA. Telephone: (530) 754-7254. Email: mlamerrill...
Source: EHP Research - September 18, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Review Source Type: research

Urine-derived stem cells predict patient response to cholesterol-lowering drugs
High blood cholesterol is linked to an increased risk of heart disease and stroke. To identify new strategies to combat high cholesterol in genetically predisposed individuals, new preclinical models that mimic the underlying pathophysiology are needed. Researchers have now shown that cells derived from patient urine samples can be reprogrammed to rapidly generate patient-specific models of hypercholesterolemia. These models provide a tool to accurately predict patient response to cholesterol-lowering drugs.
Source: ScienceDaily Headlines - November 19, 2015 Category: Science Source Type: news

Stress 'causes damage to the heart,' study finds
Conclusion This research investigates the widely held perceived wisdom that psychological stress is associated with coronary heart disease. It found 29 medical residents working in a stressful intensive care unit setting had increased levels of white blood cells, which form part of the immune system. The researchers also found exposing mice to chronic stress similarly increased their levels of certain white blood cells. When they examined the bone marrow of stressed mice, they found this increase in the number of white blood cells seemed to be mediated by an increase in the activity of hematopoietic stem cells, which prod...
Source: NHS News Feed - June 23, 2014 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Heart/lungs Lifestyle/exercise Mental health Source Type: news