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Total 310 results found since Jan 2013.

Botulinum Toxin Injections in Musculoskeletal Disorders
Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2016; 20: 441-452 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1594284Botulinum toxin (BTX) is used for multiple clinical indications due to its ability to induce temporary chemodenervation and muscle paralysis. This property has supported its application in treating a variety of musculoskeletal conditions, especially those involving muscular hyperactivity and contractures such as cerebral palsy and dystonia. However, off-label use of BTX injection in other musculoskeletal disorders is gaining increased acceptance, such as in neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome, epicondylitis, and shoulder pain after stroke. This review ...
Source: Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology - December 20, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Godoy, Ivan R.B. Donahue, Dean M. Torriani, Martin Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Molecular genetic contributions to self-rated health
Conclusions: Individual differences in how people respond to a single item on SRH are partly explained by their genetic propensity to many common psychiatric and physical disorders and psychological traits.
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - November 13, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Tourette Syndrome and Comorbid Neuropsychiatric Conditions
AbstractTourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric condition characterized by both motor and phonic tics over a period of at least 1  year with the onset in childhood or adolescence. Apart from the tics, most of the patients with Tourette syndrome have associated neuropsychiatric comorbidities consisting of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, rage attacks, sleep issues, depression, and migrai ne. Patients may also have physical complications directly from violent motor tics which can rarely include cervical myelopathy, arterial dissection, and stroke. The purpose of this article is to rev...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - November 4, 2016 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

Using Physical Activity to Manage ADHD Symptoms:The State of the Evidence
This article summarizes the evidence for management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using chronic aerobic physical activity (PA). Known studies comparing chronic aerobic PA to at least one control group are listed; uncontrolled studies and studies of non-aerobic PA are not considered. Key challenges to conducting chronic PA studies with children and youth with ADHD are summarized. After condensing information from widely varying studies, measures, and research designs, conclusions are stated in broad brush stroke terms. Preliminary evidence supports PA as beneficial for ADHD symptoms, executive function,...
Source: Current Psychiatry Reports - November 1, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Neuroimmune Crosstalk in CNS Disorders: The Histamine Connection.
Abstract The neuroimmune system represents a dense network of biochemical signals associated with neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurohormones, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors synthesized in neurons, glial cells and immune cells, to maintain systemic homeostasis. Endogenous and/or exogenous, noxious stimuli in any tissue are captured by sensor cells to inform the brain; likewise, signals originating at the central nervous system (CNS) level are transmitted to peripheral immune effectors which react to central stimuli. This multidirectional information system makes it possible for the CNS to respond to...
Source: Epilepsy Curr - November 1, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Cacabelos R, Torrellas C, Fernández-Novoa L, Aliev G Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Functional changes of neural circuits in stroke patients with dysphagia: a meta ‐analysis
ConclusionsThe hyperactivity of precentral gyrus is crucial in stroke patients with dysphagia and may be associated with the severity of stroke. Besides the motor areas, the Default‐Mode Network regions (DMN) and Affective Network regions (AN) circuits are also involved in dysphagia after stroke.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Source: Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine - October 31, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Lu Liu, Yuan Xiao, Wenjing Zhang, Li Yao, Xin Gao, Shah Chandan, Su Lui Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research

Attention and executive functioning profiles in children following perinatal arterial ischemic stroke.
This study examines the attention and executive functioning (EF) profiles of children following PAIS, as well as the impact of age and sex. In this single-center cross-sectional study, 40 children aged 3 to 16 years (median age 7.2 years; 58% male) who have suffered a PAIS underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological battery to assess attention and EF. Parents completed behavioral questionnaires regarding real-world functioning. Composite scores were calculated for seven attention and EF domains (Attention, Working Memory, Verbal Retrieval, Inhibitory Control, Flexibility/Shifting, Planning/Organization, and Processing Sp...
Source: Child Neuropsychology - September 6, 2016 Category: Child Development Authors: Bosenbark DD, Krivitzky L, Ichord R, Jastrzab L, Billinghurst L Tags: Child Neuropsychol Source Type: research

MRI scan may help diagnose chronic traumatic encephalopathy, UCLA researchers report
UCLA doctors have found what may be an earlier and easier way to diagnose chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE, a disorder that is thought to affect some former football players and others with a history of repetitive brain trauma. Using a new software tool for analyzing MRI scans, the researchers detected the shrinkage of several key brain regions in a former football player with cognitive problems. The same pattern of brain changes is commonly seen in CTE cases that have been confirmed by autopsies after a person’s death. While the findings from this single case report are preliminary, they raise the possibility th...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - August 24, 2016 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Let thy left brain know what thy right brain doeth: Inter-hemispheric compensation of functional deficits after brain damage
Publication date: Available online 14 June 2016 Source:Neuropsychologia Author(s): Paolo Bartolomeo, Michel Thiebaut de Schotten Recent evidence revealed the importance of inter-hemispheric communication for the compensation of functional deficits after brain damage. This review summarises the biological consequences observed using histology as well as the longitudinal findings measured with magnetic resonance imaging methods in brain damaged animals and patients. In particular, we discuss the impact of post-stroke brain hyperactivity on functional recovery in relation to time. The reviewed evidence also suggests that ...
Source: Neuropsychologia - June 21, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Let the left brain know what the right brain does: Inter-hemispheric compensation of functional deficits after brain damage
Publication date: Available online 14 June 2016 Source:Neuropsychologia Author(s): Paolo Bartolomeo, Michel Thiebaut de Schotten Recent evidence revealed the importance of inter-hemispheric communication for the compensation of functional deficits after brain damage. This review summarises the biological consequences observed using histology as well as the longitudinal findings measured with magnetic resonance imaging methods in brain damaged animals and patients. In particular, we discuss the impact of post-stroke brain hyperactivity on functional recovery in relation to time. The reviewed evidence also suggests that ...
Source: Neuropsychologia - June 14, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Methylphenidate May Increase Risk for Arrhythmias, Myocardial Infarction In Some Youth
Findings from a study published in BMJ Open Access shows that some children and adolescents who are receiving methylphenidate for treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be at increased risk for certain adverse cardiovascular events. "Drugs to treat ADHD have been shown to be efficacious in reducing symptoms of impulsivity and hyperactivity in children,” the study authors wrote, "but concerns have been expressed about possible adverse cardiovascular events with the first-line treatment, methylphenidate."To determine whether an association exists between methylphenidate and adverse cardiovascular ...
Source: Psychiatr News - June 3, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Tags: ADHD cardiovascular risk methylphenidate youth Source Type: research

Alterations in plasma membrane promote overexpression and increase of sodium influx through epithelial sodium channel in hypertensive platelets
Publication date: August 2016 Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, Volume 1858, Issue 8 Author(s): D. Cerecedo, Ivette Martínez-Vieyra, Alejandro Sosa-Peinado, Jorge Cornejo-Garrido, Cynthia Ordaz-Pichardo, Claudia Benítez-Cardoza Platelets are small, anucleated cell fragments that activate in response to a wide variety of stimuli, triggering a complex series of intracellular pathways leading to a hemostatic thrombus formation at vascular injury sites. However, in essential hypertension, platelet activation contributes to causing myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Reported abnormalit...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Biomembranes - May 21, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Food addiction: Definition, measurement and limits of the concept, associated factors, therapeutic and clinical implications.
Abstract Addictions, which are characterized by the inability to control a behavior despite existence of physical or psychological consequences, have biological, psychological and social determinants. Although the possibility of developing an addiction to some psychoactive substances (e.g. alcohol, tobacco, cannabis) and to gambling (i.e., gambling disorder) is now well demonstrated, the possibility to develop a non-drug addiction (i.e., behavioral addiction) to certain behaviors which provide pleasure (e.g. eating, having sex, buying things) is still in debate. The concept of food addiction, which refers to peopl...
Source: Presse Medicale - May 18, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Cathelain S, Brunault P, Ballon N, Réveillère C, Courtois R Tags: Presse Med Source Type: research

Mania secondary to focal brain lesions: implications for understanding the functional neuroanatomy of bipolar disorder
ConclusionsSecondary mania should be suspected in patients with neurological deficits, histories atypical for classic bipolar disorder, and first manic episodes after the age of 40 years. Treatment with antimanic medications, along with specific treatment for the underlying neurologic condition, is typically required. Typical lesion locations fit with current models of bipolar disorder, which implicate hyperactivity of left‐hemisphere reward‐processing brain areas and hypoactivity of bilateral prefrontal emotion‐modulating regions. Lesion studies complement these models by suggesting that right‐hemisphere limbic‐...
Source: Bipolar Disorders - April 25, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: David Satzer, David J Bond Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Imaging effects related to language improvements by rTMS.
Authors: Heiss WD Abstract The functional deficit after a focal brain lesion is determined by the localization and the extent of the tissue damage. Since destroyed tissue usually cannot be replaced in the adult human brain, improvement or recovery of neurological deficits can be achieved only by reactivation of functionally disturbed but morphologically preserved areas or by recruitment of alternative pathways within the functional network. The visualization of disturbed interaction in functional networks and of their reorganization in the recovery after focal brain damage is the domain of functional imaging modali...
Source: Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience - April 18, 2016 Category: Neurology Tags: Restor Neurol Neurosci Source Type: research