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Condition: Dementia
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Total 250 results found since Jan 2013.

Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity is Related to the Total Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease Score in an Apparently Healthy Asymptomatic Population
Cerebral small-vessel disease (CSVD) is an extensive cerebrovascular disease that mainly involves the perforating arterioles, capillaries and venules and plays a crucial role in stroke and dementia.1 Due to the inability of conventional noninvasive angiography to display small cerebral vessels, relevant brain parenchymal lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used as an alternative marker for CSVD. These markers include recent small subcortical infarcts, lacunes of presumed vascular origin, white matter hyperintensity (WMH) of presumed vascular origin, perivascular space (PVS), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs)...
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 15, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Tiantian Liu, Yuanyuan Liu, Shuhua Wang, Xiaolong Du, Zhaofeng Zheng, Ning Wang, Xunyao Hou, Chao Shen, Jian Chen, Xueping Liu Source Type: research

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in the Study of Speech and Language Impairment Across the Life Span: A Systematic Review.
Conclusions Though it is not without inherent challenges, fNIRS may have advantages over other neuroimaging techniques in the areas of speech and language impairment. fNIRS has clinical applications that may lead to improved early and differential diagnosis, increase our understanding of response to treatment, improve neuroprosthetic functioning, and advance neurofeedback. PMID: 32640168 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology - July 7, 2020 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Authors: Butler LK, Kiran S, Tager-Flusberg H Tags: Am J Speech Lang Pathol Source Type: research

Pathophysiology, Classification, and MRI Parallels in Microvascular Disease of the Heart and Brain
AbstractDiagnostic imaging technology in vascular disease has long focused on large vessels and the pathologic processes that impact them. With improved diagnostic techniques, investigators are now able to uncover many underlying mechanisms and prognostic factors for microvascular disease. In the heart and brain, these pathologic entities include coronary microvascular disease and cerebral small vessel disease, both of which have significant impact on patients, causing angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke and dementia. In the current paper we will discuss parallels in pathophysiology, classification, and di...
Source: Microcirculation - July 7, 2020 Category: Research Authors: Michael A. Thomas, Saman Hazany, Benjamin M. Ellingson, Peng Hu, Kim ‐Lien Nguyen Tags: REVIEWS Source Type: research

HTRA1-Related Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Review of the Literature
Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL) is clinically characterized by early-onset dementia, stroke, spondylosis deformans, and alopecia. In CARASIL cases, brain magnetic resonance imaging reveals severe white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), lacunar infarctions, and microbleeds. CARASIL is caused by a homozygous mutation in high-temperature requirement A serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1). Recently, it was reported that several heterozygous mutations in HTRA1 also cause cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Although patients with heterozygous HTRA1-related CSVD (symptom...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - July 2, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Interactions Between Acute Infarcts and Cerebrovascular Pathology Predict Poststroke Dementia
Conclusions: The risk of PSD varies depending on the presence of chronic cerebrovascular pathologies and type of acute infarcts. Clinical implications support a precision medicine approach for stratifying those at highest risk of PSD.
Source: Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders - July 1, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Interactions Between Acute Infarcts and Cerebrovascular Pathology Predict Poststroke Dementia.
CONCLUSIONS: The risk of PSD varies depending on the presence of chronic cerebrovascular pathologies and type of acute infarcts. Clinical implications support a precision medicine approach for stratifying those at highest risk of PSD. PMID: 32483018 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders - June 4, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord Source Type: research

Potential applications of FDG-PET/MRI in detecting vascular dementia
Conclusions: FDG-PET/MRI may be a valuable tool in the diagnosis of VaD. However, the paucity of data in the field necessitates a further analysis of its similarity to FDG-PET/CT in results. Novel studies should be conducted to explore various scanners, patient populations, and MRI protocols to better inform the identification of VaD.
Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine - May 14, 2020 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Bhattaru, A., Zhang, V., Hancin, E., Borja, A., Rojulpote, K. V., Werner, T., Revheim, M.-E., Alavi, A. Tags: Educational Exhibits Poster Session I Source Type: research

The Association Between Coronary Artery Calcification and Subclinical Cerebrovascular Diseases in Men: An Observational Study.
CONCLUSIONS: Higher CAC scores were associated with higher odds of lacunar infarction, DSWMH, and ICAS. The presence and degree of CAC may be a useful indicator for SCVDs involving small and large vessels. PMID: 31969522 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis - January 25, 2020 Category: Cardiology Tags: J Atheroscler Thromb Source Type: research

The Whole Picture: From Isolated to Global MRI Measures of Neurovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease.
Authors: Dickie DA, Quinn TJ, Dawson J Abstract Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to characterise the appearance of the brain in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), ischaemic stroke, cognitive impairment, and dementia. SVD is a major cause of stroke and dementia; features of SVD include white matter hyperintensities (WMH) of presumed vascular origin, lacunes of presumed vascular origin, microbleeds, and perivascular spaces. Cognitive impairment and dementia have traditionally been stratified into subtypes of varying origin, e.g., vascular dementia versus dementia of the Alzheimer's type (Al...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - January 3, 2020 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Differential Impact of Plasma Homocysteine Levels on the Periventricular and Subcortical White Matter Hyperintensities on the Brain
Conclusions: High plasma Hcyt levels are strongly associated with the development of PVWMH but not DSWMH. Our results suggest the possibility that different pathogeneses exist for PVWMH and DSWMH and that dysregulated Hcyt metabolism associated with the development of PVWMH.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - November 6, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A challenging diagnosis of reversible “vascular” dementia: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation
We describe the clinical course, radiological features and therapeutic approach of two patients with probable CAA-ri with the aim of emphasizing the importance of an early diagnosis of this potentially reversible disease in different neurological settings, such as memory clinics and stroke units.
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - November 6, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: L. Poli, V. De Giuli, F. Piazza, I. Volonghi, G. Bigliardi, S. Vallone, P.F. Nichelli, R. Gasparotti, A. Zini, A. Padovani, A. Pezzini Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy Associated With a Novel In-Frame Mutation in the NOTCH3 Gene in a Japanese Patient
Here, we report a case involving a 67-year-old Japanese woman with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) associated with a novel in-frame complex rearrangement in the NOTCH3 gene. The patient had gradually developed cognitive impairment since the occurrence of an ischemic stroke at the age of 53 years. Her mother had a history of stroke and dementia. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed hyperintense lesions in the bilateral temporal poles, external capsules, and periventricular white matter accompanied by multiple c...
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - November 3, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Yuho Takeshi, Satoshi Suda, Takashi Shimoyama, Junya Aoki, Kentaro Suzuki, Seiji Okubo, Ikuko Mizuta, Toshiki Mizuno, Kazumi Kimura Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

A Multimodal Imaging Study in a Case of Bilateral Thalamic Damage With Multidomain Cognitive Impairment
Severe thalamic injury can determine a particular type of vascular dementia affecting multiple network dysfunctions, considered the central role of thalamus as a hub for afferent and efferent stimuli. A 67-year-old male patient with bilateral thalamic stroke was studied with positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and cognitive assessment, performed at baseline and at two follow-up evaluations. A pattern primarily involving thalamo-frontal connections was observed by both PET and tractography analyses. All significant differences between the patient and controls involved the anterior thalamic radiation, o...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - October 14, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Predictors for Favorable Cognitive Outcome Post-Stroke: A-Seven-Year Follow-Up Study.
CONCLUSIONS: Sixty percent of stroke survivors have a favorable cognitive outcome. Lower age and lower MTLA grade on MRI were associated with favorable outcome. PMID: 31461703 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders - August 30, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 19, Pages 2573: Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Biomarkers Detection on MRI-Sensor-Based Image and Deep Learning
-Chun Hsieh Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers the most detailed brain structure image available today; it can identify tiny lesions or cerebral cortical abnormalities. The primary purpose of the procedure is to confirm whether there is structural variation that causes epilepsy, such as hippocampal sclerotherapy, local cerebral cortical dysplasia, and cavernous hemangioma. Cerebrovascular disease, the second most common factor of death in the world, is also the fourth leading cause of death in Taiwan, with cerebrovascular disease having the highest rate of stroke. Among the most common are large vascular atheroscl...
Source: Sensors - June 5, 2019 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Yi-Zeng Hsieh Yu-Cin Luo Chen Pan Mu-Chun Su Chi-Jen Chen Kevin Li-Chun Hsieh Tags: Article Source Type: research