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Specialty: Opthalmology

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Total 178 results found since Jan 2013.

TNF-R1 and FADD mediate UVB-Induced activation of K(+) channels in corneal epithelial cells.
Abstract The goal of this study was to elucidate the role of Fas, TNF-R1, FADD and cytochrome c in UVB-induced K(+) channel activation, an early step in UVB-induced apoptosis, in human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells. HCLE cells were treated with Fas, TNF-R1 or FADD siRNA and exposed to 80 or 150 mJ/cm(2) UVB. K(+) channel activation and loss of intracellular K(+) were measured using whole-cell patch-clamp recording and ion chromatography, respectively. Cytochrome c was measured with an ELISA kit. Cells in which Fas was knocked down exhibited identical UVB-induced K(+) channel activation and loss of intrac...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - November 2, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Boersma PM, Haarsma LD, Schotanus MP, Ubels JL Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Role of PTX3 in corneal epithelial innate immunity against Aspergillus fumigatus infection.
Abstract Pentraxin3 (PTX3), a member of long pentraxin family, plays a non-redundant role in human humoral innate immunity. However, whether PTX3 is expressed by corneal epithelial cells and its role during corneal fungi infection has not yet been investigated. To identify the presence of PTX3 in cornea, the possible mechanisms involved in its expression, and also the effects on corneal anti-fungi innate immune response, clinic human corneal tissues and cultured human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were resorted. PTX3 mRNA and protein were detected in corneal samples and cultured HCECs, which was significantly u...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - November 22, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Zhang J, Zhao G, Lin J, Che C, Li C, Jiang N, Hu L, Wang Q Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Nrf2 protects photoreceptor cells from photo-oxidative stress induced by blue light.
In this study, we evaluated the effect of blue light exposure on photoreceptors and its relationship to Nrf2 using cultured murine photoreceptor (661W) cells. 661W cells were exposed to blue light at 2500 lux. Exposure to blue light for 6-24 h resulted in a significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and death of 661W cells in a time-dependent fashion. Blue light exposure resulted in activation of Nrf2, as indicated by an increase in nuclear translocation of Nrf2. This was associated with a significant induction of expression of Nrf2 as well as an array of Nrf2 target genes, including antioxidant g...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - December 2, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Chen WJ, Wu C, Xu Z, Kuse Y, Hara H, Duh EJ Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Melatonin synthesis in the human ciliary body triggered by TRPV4 activation: Involvement of AANAT phosphorylation.
In conclusion, the activation of calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II was confirmed, as shown by the cascade seen in AANAT phosphorylation (***p < 0.001, n = 4). This mechanism was also established by measuring N-acetyl serotonin and melatonin levels. In conclusion, the activation of a TRPV4 present in human ciliary body epithelial cells produced an increase in AANAT phosphorylation and a further melatonin increase by a mechanism in which Ca-calmodulin and the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II are involved. PMID: 28655604 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Eye Research - June 24, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Alkozi HA, Perez de Lara MJ, Pintor J Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Effects of microRNA ‐133b on retinal vascular endothelial cell proliferation and apoptosis through angiotensinogen‐mediated angiotensin II‐ extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 signalling pathway in rats with diabetic retinopathy
ConclusionThe study provides data to suggest that miR‐133b induces proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of retinal vascular endothelial cells by targeting AGT through the AngII‐ERK1/2 signalling pathway in DR rats.
Source: Acta Ophthalmologica - February 28, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Tao ‐Tao Liu, Qian Hao, Yan Zhang, Zhao‐Hui Li, Zhi‐Hua Cui, Wei Yang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

TSLP-activated dendritic cells induce T helper type 2 inflammation in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis.
Abstract Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an IL-7-like cytokine, which is secreted by epithelial cells under the stimulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. Dendritic cells (DCs) which express the thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (TSLPR) can be activated by TSLP. Mature DCs can express the OX40 ligand, which has the ability to combine with OX40 on the surface of T cells to stimulate T cell proliferation. TSLP secreted by corneal epithelial cells can engage in the process of T helper type 2 (Th2) inflammation in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis, but the mechanism remains unclear. We demonstrated that...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - March 14, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Sun L, Chen C, Wu J, Dai C, Wu X Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Targeted therapy for the post-operative conjunctiva: SPARC silencing reduces collagen deposition.
CONCLUSIONS: SPARC targeted therapy effectively reduced both SPARC and collagen production in the operated mouse conjunctiva. This proof-of-concept study suggests that targeted treatment of fibrosis in glaucoma surgery is safe and feasible, with the potential to extend to a range of potential genes associated with fibrosis. PMID: 30021812 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The British Journal of Ophthalmology - July 18, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Seet LF, Tan YF, Toh LZ, Chu SW, Lee YS, Venkatraman SS, Wong TT Tags: Br J Ophthalmol Source Type: research

Contribution of the clock gene DEC2 to VEGF mRNA upregulation by modulation of HIF1 α protein levels in hypoxic MIO-M1 cells, a human cell line of retinal glial (Müller) cells
ConclusionDEC2 could upregulate retinalVEGF gene expression through modulation of HIF1 α levels under hypoxic conditions.
Source: Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology - September 24, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Knockdown of Fibromodulin Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of RPE Cell via the VEGFR2-AKT Pathway.
Conclusion: Depletion of FMOD selectively downregulated the expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 and inhibited the signaling pathway of AKT phosphorylation, which consequently inhibited the proliferation and migration of RPE Cell. PMID: 30298106 [PubMed]
Source: Journal of Ophthalmology - October 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Tags: J Ophthalmol Source Type: research

A novel role for CRIM1 in the corneal response to UV and pterygium development.
In this study, a Northern Irish family affected by pterygium but reporting little direct exposure to UV was identified carrying a missense variant in CRIM1 NM_016441.2: c.1235 A > C (H412P) through whole-exome sequencing and subsequent analysis. CRIM1 is expressed in the developing eye, adult cornea and conjunctiva, having a role in cell differentiation and migration but also in angiogenesis, all processes involved in pterygium formation. We demonstrate elevated CRIM1 expression in pterygium tissue from additional individual Northern Irish patients compared to unaffected conjunctival controls. UV irradiation of HCE-...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - October 23, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Maurizi E, Schiroli D, Atkinson SD, Mairs L, Courtney DG, O'Hagan B, McGilligan VE, Pagnamenta AT, Taylor JC, Vasquez JJD, Illanes-Velarde DE, Goldsmith D, Gouws P, Moore JE, Nesbit MA, Moore CBT Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Resolvin D1, but not resolvin E1, transactivates the epidermal growth factor receptor to increase intracellular calcium and glycoconjugate secretion in rat and human conjunctival goblet cells.
CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in cultured rat and human conjunctival goblet cells, RvD1 activates the EGFR, increases [Ca2+]i, activates AKT and ERK1/2 to stimulate mucin secretion. RvE1 does not transactivate the EGFR to increase [Ca2+]I and stimulate mucin secretion, but does interact with the receptor to increase ERK 1/2 activity. PMID: 30513286 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Eye Research - December 1, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Kaye R, Botten N, Lippestad M, Li D, Hodges RR, Utheim TP, Serhan CN, Dartt DA Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Transdifferentiation effects and related mechanisms of nerve growth factor and internal limiting membrane on M üller cells.
In this study, we investigated the pro-proliferative, pro-transdifferentiation effects and mechanisms of nerve growth factor (NGF), internal limiting membrane (ILM), and NGF+ILM on Müller cells. The Müller cells cultured with NGF, ILM or both were mediated with tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) (a high affinity receptor for NGF) inhibitor, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) (an intracellular signaling pathway important in regulating the cell cycle) inhibitor, or LIN28 (a RNA-binding protein and a posttranscriptional regulator of genes involved in developmental timing and self-renewal in embryonic stem cel...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - December 19, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Zhang L, Li X, Shen Y, Lin X, Wu M Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

YAP and TAZ are distinct effectors of corneal myofibroblast transformation.
CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that YAP and TAZ function as distinct modulators of TGFβ1 induced myofibroblast transformation and have different roles in signalling. Specifically, TAZ limits YAP's ability to mediate KFM transformation via Smad proteins. The data also suggest that while having distinct effects, YAP and TAZ have redundant or combinatorial functions critical to cell survival. These results suggest that a loss of TAZ may help drive corneal haze and fibrosis and that the balance between YAP/TAZ is essential in controlling myofibroblast differentiation. PMID: 30578787 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Eye Research - December 19, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Muppala S, Raghunathan VK, Jalilian I, Thomasy S, Murphy CJ Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Enhanced expression of son of sevenless homolog 1 is predictive of poor prognosis in uveal malignant melanoma patients.
CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrated that SOS1 might play a facilitating role in M23 cell growth and motility by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, the data suggested that SOS1 may serve as an UM predictor of prognosis as well as a therapeutic target. PMID: 30714452 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Ophthalmic Genetics - February 6, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Tags: Ophthalmic Genet Source Type: research