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Specialty: Opthalmology

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Total 178 results found since Jan 2013.

Role of Angiopoietin-2 in Corneal Lymphangiogenesis Cornea
Conclusions. Angiopoietin-2 is critically involved in lymphatic processes in vivo and in vitro. Further investigation of the Ang-2 pathway may provide novel insights and therapeutic strategies for lymphatic-related disorders, which occur both inside and outside the eye.
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - May 29, 2014 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Yuen, D., Grimaldo, S., Sessa, R., Ecoiffier, T., Truong, T., Huang, E., Bernas, M., Daley, S., Witte, M., Chen, L. Tags: Cornea Source Type: research

Ion channels and transporters of the retinal pigment epithelium.
Abstract Ion channels and ion transporters play essential roles in the function of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The use of cell cultures has been exploited as a key method for successfully identifying and studying ion channels and transporters of the RPE. Cultured RPE cells enable robust and long-lasting patch-clamp recordings, Ussing chamber investigations of the transepithelial transport within the isolated RPE, and analyses of the intracellular Ca(2+) or pH with fluorescent probes. Furthermore, cultured RPE can be transfected at high success rates, permitting the easy use of siRNA to study the involvem...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - August 30, 2014 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Reichhart N, Strauß O Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Loss of Calpastatin Leads to Activation of Calpain in Human Lens Epithelial Cells Lens
Conclusions. Our data demonstrated that the high levels of endogenous CS do, indeed, inhibit calpain activity in normal human lens epithelial cells. We speculate that age-related oxidation might cause loss of CS activity in human lens epithelial cells, allowing activation of long-dormant calpain 2, proteolysis of critical cytoskeletal proteins, and cataract formation.
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - August 22, 2014 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Nakajima, T., Shearer, T. R., Azuma, M. Tags: Lens Source Type: research

Endothelial TWIST1 Promotes Pathological Ocular Angiogenesis Retinal Cell Biology
Conclusions. Our study suggests that TWIST1 is a novel regulator of pathologic ocular angiogenesis and may represent a new molecular target for developing potential therapeutic treatments to suppress pathological neovascularization in vascular eye diseases.
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - December 18, 2014 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Li, J., Liu, C.-H., Sun, Y., Gong, Y., Fu, Z., Evans, L. P., Tian, K. T., Juan, A. M., Hurst, C. G., Mammoto, A., Chen, J. Tags: Retinal Cell Biology Source Type: research

Differential Expression and Function of Survivin During the Progress of Pterygium Cornea
Conclusions. Higher subcellular expression and phosphorylation of survivin may play roles in the development of pterygium. Survivin could be targeted for the treatment of pterygium.
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - December 29, 2014 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Xu, Y.-x., Zhang, L.-y., Zou, D.-l., Liu, Z.-s., Shang, X.-m., Wu, H.-p., Zhou, Y., He, H., Liu, Z.-g. Tags: Cornea Source Type: research

Pioglitazone Restores IGFBP-3 Levels Through DNA PK in Retinal Endothelial Cells Cultured in Hyperglycemic Conditions Retinal Cell Biology
Conclusions. Our findings suggest that pioglitazone mediates regulation of IGFBP-3 via activation of PKA/DNA PK pathway in hyperglycemic retinal endothelial cells.
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - January 13, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Thakran, S., Zhang, Q., Morales-Tirado, V., Steinle, J. J. Tags: Retinal Cell Biology Source Type: research

Hypoxia inducible factor 1α contributes to regulation of autophagy in retinal detachment.
In this study, we test the hypothesis that autophagy activation in the PR results, at least in part, from the detachment-induced activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF). Retina-RPE separation was created in Brown-Norway rats and C57BL/6J mice by injection of 1% hyaluronic acid into the subretinal space. Retinas were harvested and assayed for HIF protein levels. Cultured 661W photoreceptor cells were subjected to hypoxic conditions and assayed for induction of HIF and autophagy. The requirement of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in regulating photoreceptor autophagy was tested using siRNA in vitro and in vivo. We observed increas...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - June 17, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Shelby SJ, Angadi PS, Zheng QD, Yao J, Jia L, Zacks DN Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Inhibitory effects of PPARγ ligands on TGF-β1-induced CTGF expression in cat corneal fibroblasts.
Abstract Ligands of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ) possess strong anti-fibrotic properties in the cornea and several other body tissues. In the cornea, we recently showed this class of molecules to prevent stromal myofibroblast differentiation partially by blocking the actions of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). However, given the important role assigned to connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in mediating corneal fibrosis, here we asked whether PPARγ ligands also act by affecting transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) 1-induced expression of CTGF in cultured corneal fibro...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - July 1, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Jeon KI, Phipps RP, Sime PJ, Huxlin KR Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Involvement of the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways in Ultraviolet B-Induced Apoptosis of Corneal Epithelial Cells.
Abstract The goal of this study was to elucidate the pathway by which UVB initiates efflux of K(+) and subsequently apoptosis in human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells. The initial focus of the study was on the extrinsic pathway involving Fas. HCLE cells transfected with Fas siRNA were exposed to 80-150 mJ/cm(2) UVB and incubated in culture medium with 5.5 mM K(+). Knock down of Fas resulted in limited reduction in UVB-induced caspase-8 and -3 activity. Patch-clamp recordings showed no difference in UVB-induced normalized K(+) currents between Fas transfected and control cells. Knockdown of caspase-8 had no ...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - November 8, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Ubels JL, Glupker CD, Schotanus MP, Haarsma LD Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Current treatments for corneal neovascularization.
Authors: Benayoun Y, Petellat F, Leclerc O, Dost L, Dallaudière B, Reddy C, Robert PY, Salomon JL Abstract The extension of blood vessels into the normally avascular stroma defines corneal neovascularization. Though this phenomenon, pathophysiological and clinical features are well characterized, therapeutic modalities have been hindered by a lack of safe, efficacious and non-controversial treatments. In this literature review, we focus on available therapeutic options in light of recent evidence provided by animal and clinical studies. First, this review will focus on pharmacological treatments that target angiog...
Source: Journal Francais d Ophtalmologie - November 28, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Tags: J Fr Ophtalmol Source Type: research

CtBP2 Regulates TGFβ2-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Through Notch Signaling Pathway in Lens Epithelial Cells.
CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that CtBP2 plays a critical role in TGFβ2-induced EMT via the Jagged/Notch signaling pathway in human LECs and may contribute to the development of PCO. PMID: 26681554 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current Eye Research - December 17, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Zhang G, Kang L, Chen J, Xue Y, Yang M, Qin B, Yang L, Zhang J, Lu H, Guan H Tags: Curr Eye Res Source Type: research

Glio-vascular modifications caused by Aquaporin-4 deletion in the mouse retina.
This study is useful to understand the role of AQP4 in the perivascular domain in the retina and its possible implications in the pathogenesis of retinal vascular diseases and of Neuromyelitis Optica, a human disease characterized by anti-AQP4 auto-antibodies. PMID: 27018215 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Eye Research - March 23, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Nicchia GP, Pisani F, Simone L, Cibelli A, Mola MG, Monte MD, Frigeri A, Bagnoli P, Svelto M Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Crosstalk between TGFβ and Wnt signaling pathways in the human trabecular meshwork.
In this study, we determined whether there is a crosstalk between the TGFβ/Smad pathway and the canonical Wnt pathway using luciferase reporter assays. Lentiviral luciferase reporter vectors for studying the TGFβ/Smad pathway or the canonical Wnt pathway were transduced into primary human non-glaucomatous TM (NTM) cells. Cells were treated with or without a combination of 5 μg/ml TGFβ2 and/or 100 ng/ml Wnt3a recombinant proteins, and luciferase levels were measured using a plate reader. We found that TGFβ2 inhibited Wnt3a-induced canonical Wnt pathway activation, while Wnt3a inhibited TGFβ2-induced TGFβ/Smad pathw...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - April 13, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Webber HC, Bermudez JY, Sethi A, Clark AF, Mao W Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Cytoprotective alpha crystallins in the regulation of RPE cell proteostasis
SummaryAlphaB‐Crystallin (αBC) is an ubiquitous protein with dual function as a molecular chaperone to preserve proteostasis and as an anti‐apoptotic agent. We studied the regulatory role of αBC in murine models of oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR), laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and subretinal fibrosis (SF). αBC KO attenuated retinal NV in OIR as compared to WT. In the laser model, CNV lesion size was significantly reduced in αBC KO vs. WT mice. VEGF increased 8 fold in WT vs. αBC KO on day 3 and 7 post‐laser and VEGF secretion was lower in αBC KO vs. WT. Increased mono (tetra)‐ubiquitin...
Source: Acta Ophthalmologica - September 13, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: R. Kannan Tags: Abstracts from the 2016 European Association for Vision and Eye Research Conference Source Type: research

Is glutamate dehydrogenase in astrocytes one of the keys to control brain glutamate homeostasis?
SummaryBrain glutamate concentration needs to be balanced to avoid excitoxicity. Following glutamatergic neurotransmission astrocytes are responsible for clearance of the synaptic cleft via glutamate transporters. In the astrocyte the conversion of glutamate to glutamine is an essential part of the glutamate‐glutamine cycle. But, a substantial amount of glutamate is oxidatively metabolized in the mitochondria, which to a large extent may be dependent on glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Thus, astrocytes are likely the main regulator of the brain glutamate concentration, but how do they do it? We have investigated the role o...
Source: Acta Ophthalmologica - September 13, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: H. Waagepetersen Tags: Abstracts from the 2016 European Association for Vision and Eye Research Conference Source Type: research