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Total 964 results found since Jan 2013.

Abstract 5474: PD-L1 regulates cisplatin chemoresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
In conclusion, we have identified a novel role for PD-L1 in the development of chemoresistance through its interaction with the MRN complex, which plays a major role in the repair of chemo-induced DNA DSB. Therapies aimed at blocking PD-L1 show great promise because of their ability to enhance both chemotherapeutics and the anti-tumor immune response.Citation Format: Randall S. Ruffner, Andrew Ramsey, Bert W. O'Malley, Daqing Li. PD-L1 regulates cisplatin chemoresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Ap...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ruffner, R. S., Ramsey, A., O'Malley, B. W., Li, D. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research

Inhibition of cyclin D1 enhances sensitivity to radiotherapy and reverses epithelial to mesenchymal transition for esophageal cancer cells
Abstract Acquired radioresistance during radiotherapy has significantly affected the treatment efficacy in esophageal cancer. Many of radioresistant cancer cells demonstrated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).We found in previous study that a radioresistant cell line (KYSE-150R) possessed EMT characteristic with cyclin D1 overexpression. Cyclin D1 has been demonstrated to affect the radiation sensitivity in cancer cells. To elucidate the molecular functions of cyclin D1 on EMT phenotypes and esophageal cancer radiosensitivity, we treated the radioresistant esophageal cancer cells (KYSE-150R) and parental cel...
Source: Tumor Biology - November 11, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Promotion of human mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis by PI3-kinase/Akt signaling, and the influence of caveolin-1/cholesterol homeostasis
Conclusions: PI3K/Akt signaling is a key pathway required for human MSC osteogenesis, and it is likely that localization of active Akt in non-caveolar and caveolar membrane rafts positively and negatively contributes to osteogenesis, respectively.
Source: Stem Cell Research and Therapy - December 1, 2015 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Natasha BakerJihee SohnRocky Tuan Source Type: research

Abstract C59: Role of MTH1 (NUTD1) in cancer cell survival
Human mutT homolog MTH1 (also known as NUDT1) is a purine nucleoside triphosphatase which hydrolyses oxidised nucleotides (8-oxo-dGTP and 2-OH-dATP) into mono-phosphate forms to prevent these damaged bases from being incorporated into DNA. Recent studies have suggested a key role of MTH1 in the survival of cancer cells. It was hypothesized that in cancer cells with high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), small molecule inhibition or loss of MTH1 would lead to accumulation of oxidised nucleotides in DNA, increased genome instability and loss of cell viability. In order to validate MTH1 as a potential cancer therapeuti...
Source: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics - January 7, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Alwan, H., Eckersley, K., Goodwin, L., Lau, A., Jones, D., Kettle, J., Nissink, W. M., Read, J., Scott, J. S., Taylor, B. J. M., Walker, G. E., Foote, K. M. Tags: DNA Repair and Modulation: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research

Abstract A62: PARP-1 regulates NF-{kappa}B-mediated IL-8 expression in HER2 positive breast cancer
Conclusions:Trastuzumab resistant HER2+ breast cancer cells remain sensitive to PARP inhibition. Further, PARP-1 regulates the expression of IL-8, an NF-B regulated gene. These results suggest that inhibition of the interaction between PARP-1 and the NF-B signaling pathway may be a potential mechanism behind the sensitivity to PARPi in HER2+ trastuzumab resistant breast cancer cells.Citation Format: Monicka E. Wielgos, Rajani Rajbhandari, Susan Nozell, C. Kent Osborne, Rachel Schiff, Eddy S. Yang. PARP-1 regulates NF-B-mediated IL-8 expression in HER2 positive breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORT...
Source: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics - January 7, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wielgos, M. E., Rajbhandari, R., Nozell, S., Osborne, C. K., Schiff, R., Yang, E. S. Tags: EGFR / Her2: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research

The novel protein C3orf43 accelerates hepatocyte proliferation.
CONCLUSION: These findings reveal that C3orf43 may contribute to hepatocyte proliferation and may have the potential to promote liver repair and regeneration. PMID: 28932249 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters - September 23, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zhang C, Chang C, Li D, Zhang F, Xu C Tags: Cell Mol Biol Lett Source Type: research

Nuclear karyopherin-{alpha}2 expression in primary lesions and metastatic lymph nodes was associated with poor prognosis and progression in gastric cancer
Karyopherin-α2 (KPNA2) functions as an adaptor that transports several proteins to the nucleus. We investigated the clinical and functional significance of KPNA2 in gastric cancer (GC). Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine KPNA2 expression in primary GC and metastatic lymph nodes. Next, KPNA2 was suppressed by small interfering RNA (siRNA) to examine KPNA2 function in proliferation and cisplatin-induced apoptosis of GC cell lines. Nuclear expression of KPNA2 in marginal regions of primary GC was stronger than in central regions of GC and normal tissues. The high expression of marginal KPNA2 was significantly...
Source: Carcinogenesis - September 30, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Altan, B., Yokobori, T., Mochiki, E., Ohno, T., Ogata, K., Ogawa, A., Yanai, M., Kobayashi, T., Luvsandagva, B., Asao, T., Kuwano, H. Tags: Original Manuscript Source Type: research

Endogenous levels of Rad51 and Brca2 are required for homologous recombination and regulated by homeostatic re-balancing.
Abstract Stable expression of Rad51 siRNA was used to generate mouse hybridoma cell lines in which endogenous Rad51 levels were depleted by as much as 60%. Stable Rad51 knockdowns feature reduced homologous recombination responses. The relative ease with which stable Rad51 knockdowns were recovered was surprising, given the embryonic lethality of Rad51 ablation. Interestingly, Rad51-depleted hybridoma cell lines are characterized by reduced levels of p53 protein. Completely unexpected, was the finding that Rad51-depleted hybridoma cell lines are also reduced for the breast cancer susceptibility 2 (Brca2) protein. ...
Source: DNA Repair - November 6, 2013 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Magwood AC, Malysewich MJ, Cealic I, Mundia MM, Knapp J, Baker MD Tags: DNA Repair (Amst) Source Type: research

Suppression of DNA-dependent protein kinase sensitize cells to radiation without affecting DSB repair
Publication date: November 2014 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, Volume 769 Author(s): Ann-Sofie Gustafsson , Andris Abramenkovs , Bo Stenerlöw Efficient and correct repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB) is critical for cell survival. Defects in the DNA repair may lead to cell death, genomic instability and development of cancer. The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) is an essential component of the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) which is the major DSB repair pathway in mammalian cells. In the present study, by using siRNA against DNA-PKcs in f...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - November 3, 2014 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Abstract 854: Inhibition of PRMT5 results in radiosensitization in lung cancer cell lines
Conclusion: PRMT5 inhibition by siRNA or its specific inhibitors lead to radiosensitivity in A549 lung cancer cell line. This effect may be partially dependent on p53-dependent cell cycle arrest. Further work to inhibit PRMT5 in other lung cancer cell lines with different p53 activities will be investigated. Citation Format: Smitha Sharma, X Wu, P Smith, N Denko, C Li, H Lai, F Yan, K Shilo, A Chakravarti, S Sif, R Baiocchi, G Otterson, Meng Xu-Welliver. Inhibition of PRMT5 results in radiosensitization in lung cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sharma, S., Wu, X., Smith, P., Denko, N., Li, C., Lai, H., Yan, F., Shilo, K., Chakravarti, A., Sif, S., Baiocchi, R., Otterson, G., Xu-Welliver, M. Tags: Clinical Research (Excluding Clinical Trials) Source Type: research

Regulation of phagocytosis and cytokine secretion by store-operated calcium entry in primary isolated murine microglia.
In this study, we demonstrate that Orai1- and Stim1-mediated SOC regulated the phagocytic activity and cytokine release of primary isolated murine microglia. RT-PCR analysis revealed that primary cultured microglia from neonatal ICR mouse brains had Orai1, Orai2, Orai3, and Stim1. To elucidate the role of SOCE in the immune functions of microglia, pharmacological inhibitors or knockdown with Orai1 or Stim1 siRNA was applied, and UDP-induced phagocytic activity and LPS-induced cytokine secretion activity were compared. The pharmacological inhibition and siRNA effect was verified by measuring thapsigargin (TG)-, ATP-, or UDP...
Source: Cellular Signalling - November 7, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Heo DK, Lim HM, Nam JH, Lee MG, Kim JY Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

The Bacterial Component Flagellin Induces Anti-Sepsis Protection Through TLR-5, IL-1RN and VCAN During Polymicrobial Sepsis in Mice
Conclusions: These data suggest that flagellin pretreatment promoted anti-sepsis protection through the TLR-5, IL-1RN and VCAN pathway. This pathway is necessary to mediate endothelial repair and thereby promote survival following sepsis challenge.Cell Physiol Biochem 2015;36:446-456
Source: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry - May 8, 2015 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Sirtuin‐6 deficiency exacerbates diabetes induced impairment of wound healing
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Experimental Dermatology - May 23, 2015 Category: Dermatology Authors: Rajarajan A Thandavarayan, Venkata Naga Srikanth Garikipati, Joladarashi Darukeshwara, Sahana Suresh Babu, Prince Jeyabal, Suresh K Verma, Alexander R Mackie, Mohsin Khan, Somasundaram Arumugam, Kenichi Watanabe, Raj Kishore, Prasanna Krishnamurthy Tags: Regular Article Source Type: research

Thrombin receptor PAR-1 activation on endothelial progenitor cells enhances chemotaxis-associated genes expression and leukocyte recruitment by a COX-2-dependent mechanism
Conclusions PAR-1 activation in ECFC increases chemotactic gene expression and leukocyte recruitment at ischemic sites through a COX-2-dependent mechanism.
Source: Angiogenesis - May 31, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Podoplanin is involved in the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through interaction with VEGF-C.
Authors: Kim HY, Rha KS, Shim GA, Kim JH, Kim JM, Huang SM, Koo BS Abstract We investigated the clinical significance of podoplanin expression in relation to clinicopathological variables in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), to determine its effectiveness as a marker for high-risk HNSCC patients. Upregulation of podoplanin in HNSCC tissues was examined using immunohistochemistry and clinicopathological analyses. Wound healing and invasion assays were performed using HNSCC cells that were transfected with podoplanin siRNA, podoplanin vector and cotransfection with both the podoplanin vector and VEGF-C s...
Source: Oncology Reports - June 20, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Oncol Rep Source Type: research