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Total 964 results found since Jan 2013.

Multiple Genetic Manipulations of DT40 Cell Line.
Abstract Reverse genetics is gaining importance in the field of modern biological sciences. Gene disruption and the use of siRNAs are the favored techniques for current research. Many researchers, however, are aware that the data from siRNA experiments are frequently inconsistent and that epistatic analysis of multiple genes using siRNAs is barely feasible. In recognition of the drawbacks of the siRNA technique, many researchers, especially in the field of DNA repair, are now introducing multiple genetic disruption techniques using the chicken DT40 cell line into their research. Thus, recent publications increasin...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - February 25, 2014 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Motegi A, Takata M Tags: Methods Mol Biol Source Type: research

Anti-tumor activity of olaparib, a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, in cultured endometrial carcinoma cells
Conclusions: Our results suggest that olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, is effective on certain endometrial cancer cell lines. Inactivation of PTEN might not affect the DNA repair function. Predictive biomarkers are warranted to utilize olaparib in endometrial cancer.
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - March 13, 2014 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Aki MiyasakaKatsutoshi OdaYuji IkedaOsamu Wada-HiraikeTomoko KashiyamaAtsushi EnomotoNoriko HosoyaTakahiro KosoTomohiko FukudaKanako InabaKenbun SoneYuriko UeharaReiko KurikawaKazunori NagasakaYoko MatsumotoTakahide ArimotoShunsuke NakagawaHiroyuki Kuramo Source Type: research

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 activates TGF-ss and stimulates fibroblast contraction of collagen gels.
This study provides direct evidence that endogenously produced MMP-9 has a role in regulation of tissue contraction of 3-dimensional collagen gels mediated by fibroblasts. PMID: 24705725 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - April 4, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Kobayashi T, Kim H, Liu X, Sugiura H, Kohyama T, Fang Q, Wen FQ, Abe S, Wang X, Atkinson JJ, Shipley JM, Senior RM, Rennard SI Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: research

In Vivo Silencing of the Transcription Factor IRF5 Reprograms the Macrophage Phenotype and Improves Infarct Healing
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to test whether silencing of the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) in cardiac macrophages improves infarct healing and attenuates post–myocardial infarction (MI) remodeling.BackgroundIn healing wounds, the M1 toward M2 macrophage phenotype transition supports resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. Persistence of inflammatory M1 macrophages may derail healing and compromise organ functions. The transcription factor IRF5 up-regulates genes associated with M1 macrophages.MethodsHere we used nanoparticle-delivered small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) ...
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Imaging - April 14, 2014 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil induced accumulation and transcriptional activity of p53 are independent of the phosphorylation at serine 15 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Abstract The chemotherapeutic agents doxorubicin (dox) or 5-fluorouracil (5FU) are used to treat cancer cells as they cause irreparable DNA damage, inducing these aberrant cells to undergo cell death. The mediator of this process is presumed to be in part the tumor suppressor p53 which regulates genes involved in DNA repair and cell death. When MCF-7 breast cancer cells are treated with these drugs, we observed that the level of p53 and the p53 negative regulator, Mdm2, increased, as seen by others. But contrary to some reports, we observed minimal phosphorylation of p53 at serine 15 in MCF-7 cells after drug trea...
Source: Cancer Biology and Therapy - May 6, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Balmer MT, Katz RD, Liao S, Goodwine JS, Gal S Tags: Cancer Biol Ther Source Type: research

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 activates TGF-{beta} and stimulates fibroblast contraction of collagen gels
This study provides direct evidence that endogenously produced MMP-9 has a role in regulation of tissue contraction of 3D collagen gels mediated by fibroblasts.
Source: AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - June 1, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kobayashi, T., Kim, H., Liu, X., Sugiura, H., Kohyama, T., Fang, Q., Wen, F.-Q., Abe, S., Wang, X., Atkinson, J. J., Shipley, J. M., Senior, R. M., Rennard, S. I. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research

Specific Inhibition of HDAC4 in Cardiac Progenitor Cells Enhances Myocardial Repairs.
Abstract We have recently shown that in vivo inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) stimulates endogenous myocardial regeneration in infarcted hearts. Furthermore, our observation demonstrates that HDAC inhibition promotes cardiogenesis, which is associated with HDAC4 reduction. However, it remains unknown as to whether specific inhibition of HDAC4 modulates cardiac stem cells (CSCs) to facilitate myocardial repair and to preserve cardiac performance. c-kit(+)CSCs were isolated from adult mouse hearts and were transfected with HDAC4siRNA to knockdown HDAC4 of c-kit(+)CSCs. The transfection of HDAC4siRNA caused a...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - June 18, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhang LX, DeNicola M, Qin X, Du J, Ma J, Zhao TY, Zhuang S, Liu PY, Wei L, Qin G, Tang Y, Zhao TC Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Involvement of ERCC1 in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis through the modulation of apoptosis and cellular senescence
In this study we investigated the function of ERCC1 in chondrocytes and its association with the pathophysiology of OA. ERCC1 expression in normal and osteoarthritic cartilage was assessed, as were changes in ERCC1 expression in chondrocytes under catabolic stress. Inhibiting ERCC1 in chondrocytes under interleukin‐1β stimulation using small interfering RNA (siRNA) was also evaluated. Finally, cellular senescence and apoptosis were examined in relation to ERCC1 function. ERCC1 expression was decreased in OA cartilage and increased within 4 h of exposure to interleukin (IL)‐1β, but decreased after 12 h. The inhibi...
Source: Journal of Orthopaedic Research - June 25, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Koji Takayama, Yohei Kawakami, Sahnghoon Lee, Nick Greco, Mitra Lavasani, Yutaka Mifune, James H. Cummins, Takashi Yurube, Ryosuke Kuroda, Masahiro Kurosaka, Freddie H. Fu, Johnny Huard Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Rt-40 * the down-regulation of h-ferritin as an adjuvant therapy in human glioma
This study supports the potential of H-ferritin siRNA as an adjuvant therapy in glioma treatment.
Source: Neuro-Oncology - November 3, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Pang, M., Liu, X., Madhankumar, A. B., Slagle-Webb, B., Connor, J. Tags: RADIATION THERAPY (CLINICAL AND/OR LABORATORY RESEARCH) Source Type: research

Repair of naturally occurring mismatches can induce mutations in flanking DNA
‘Normal’ genomic DNA contains hundreds of mismatches that are generated daily by the spontaneous deamination of C (U/G) and methyl-C (T/G). Thus, a mutagenic effect of their repair could constitute a serious genetic burden. We show here that while mismatches introduced into human cells on an SV40-based episome were invariably repaired, this process induced mutations in flanking DNA at a significantly higher rate than no mismatch controls. Most mutations involved the C of TpC, the substrate of some single strand-specific APOBEC cytidine deaminases, similar to the mutations that can typify the ‘mutator phen...
Source: eLife - April 29, 2014 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Chen, J., Miller, B. F., Furano, A. V. Tags: Genes and chromosomes Source Type: research

Abstract 820: Inhibition of Rad6 sensitizes triple negative breast cancer cells to platinum-based therapy
Treatment of triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) poses a clinical challenge because they are not treatable with therapies targeting estrogen receptor and Her2/neu as they lack expression of estrogen, progesterone, and Her2/neu receptors. Since TNBCs share several histologic features with BRCA1-related breast cancer, and these breast cancers have aberrant DNA repair, DNA repair pathways are thought to play a role in TNBC development and drug response. Platinum (Pt)-based compounds induce toxic interstrand DNA crosslinks (ICL), the repair of which requires activities of BRCA/Fanconi anemia (FA) network and Rad6 postreplic...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Haynes, B., Sanders, M., Shekhar, M. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research

Abstract 3299: Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase is critical for the growth and migration of triple negative breast cancer cells
Conclusions: MELK is an important growth regulator of TNBC, but not of ER positive breast cancers. Our results indicate that MELK promotes cell migration in TNBC cells. These findings suggest that MELK is a promising target for the treatment of TNBC. Supported by a Susan G. Komen for the Cure Promise Grant (KG081694), and the John Charles Cain Award. Citation Format: Nidhi Batra, Corey Speers, Ivan Uray, Abhijit Mazumdar, Anna Tsimelzon, Susan Hilsenbeck, Gordon Mills, Powel Brown. Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase is critical for the growth and migration of triple negative breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proce...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Batra, N., Speers, C., Uray, I., Mazumdar, A., Tsimelzon, A., Hilsenbeck, S., Mills, G., Brown, P. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 3959: Depleting macrophage or blocking cell fusion machinery ameliorates intestine fibrosis after radiation
Conclusions BM derived CD11b(+) myelomonocytic cells or macrophage contribute majorly to cell fusion and fibrosis within intestine of mice after radiotherapy Depleting macrophage or targeting cell fusion machinery of macrophage suppresses intestine fibrosis after radiotherapy. Our study impacts not only for developing novel therapies to prevent radiation enteritis but also to avoid fibrosis after BM cell therapy in organ dysfunction. Citation Format: Ya-Hui Chang, Hui-Ju Ch'ang, Li-Mei Lin. Depleting macrophage or blocking cell fusion machinery ameliorates intestine fibrosis after radiation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of ...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Chang, Y.-H., Ch'ang, H.-J., Lin, L.-M. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 5124: Identification and characterization of novel regulators of TRAIL-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells
TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor super family and can induce apoptotic cell death upon binding to its cognate receptors, TRAIL Receptor 1 (TRAIL-R1) and TRAIL Receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2). TRAIL has been found to induce selectively cell death in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines (so called because the breast cancer cells lack estrogen and progesterone receptor expression and Her-2 amplification). Other subtypes of breast cancer are relatively resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. However, the mechanisms that underlie the sensitivity of TNBCs to TRAIL-induced apop...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Dine, J., Garimella, S., Gehlhaus, K., Grandin, M., Caplen, N., Lipkowitz, S. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 5469: Trastuzumab resistant HER2+ breast cancer cells retain sensitivity to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition
Conclusions: HER2+ breast cancer cells resistant to trastuzumab continue to be sensitive to PARP inhibition through attenuation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. These results support the use of PARPi as part of a therapeutic strategy for patients with HER2+ breast cancer. Citation Format: Monica E. Wielgos, Tiffiny Cooper, Andres Forero, James A. Bonner, Francisco J. Esteva, C K. Osborne, Rachel Schiff, Albert F. LoBuglio, Eddy S. Yang. Trastuzumab resistant HER2+ breast cancer cells retain sensitivity to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wielgos, M. E., Cooper, T., Forero, A., Bonner, J. A., Esteva, F. J., Osborne, C. K., Schiff, R., LoBuglio, A. F., Yang, E. S. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research