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Total 572 results found since Jan 2013.

Silencing of Id2 attenuates hypoxia/ischemia-induced neuronal injury via inhibition of neuronal apoptosis.
This study was aimed to investigate whether knockdown of Id2 in neuronal cells could protect them from hypoxic and ischemic injury both in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometric analysis was employed to assess neuronal apoptosis in CoCl2-treated neuroblastoma B35 cells engineered to overexpress or knockdown Id2 expression. In vivo knockdown of Id2 was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats by a single intracerebroventricular injection of Cy3-labeled and cholesterol-modified Id2-siRNA. We found that knockdown of Id2 attenuated H/I-induced neuronal apoptosis in vitro while overexpression of Id2 produced an opposite effect. In a rat mo...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - July 14, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Guo L, Yang X, Lin X, Lin Y, Shen L, Nie Q, Ren L, Guo Q, Que S, Qiu Y Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Abstract 3669: Engineering the biointerface of synthetic high density lipoprotein nanoparticles enables efficient nucleic acid loading, delivery, and target gene regulation in cancer cells
Local treatment of cancer confined to the primary organ can be curative. However, other than a few success stories, locally advanced and metastatic cancer remains incurable. Ideally, new therapies are needed that specifically target cancer cells and derive efficacy by targeting molecular pathways that are unique to distinct tumor profiles and individual patients. Toward this end, we focus on the use of biomimicry to exploit mechanisms by which cancer cells uptake molecular cargo. Naturally, some cancer cells are dependent upon exogenous cholesterol for cellular signaling, growth, and in some cancers, such as prostate, ster...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: McMahon, K. M., Vander Griend, D., Volpert, O., Thaxton, C. S. Tags: Cancer Chemistry Source Type: research

AMP-activated protein kinase attenuates oxLDL uptake in macrophages through PP2A/NF-κB/LOX-1 pathway.
Abstract The differentiation of macrophages into lipid-laden foam cells is a hallmark in early-stage atherosclerosis. The developmental role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in a transformation of foam cells, especially in macrophage cholesterol uptake that remains undetermined. Here we demonstrate that AMPK activation in response to IMM-H007 or AICAR resulted in a decrease in macrophage cholesterol uptake and thus inhibited foam cell formation in macrophages mediated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). This functional change was caused by a downregulation of mRNA and protein exp...
Source: Vascular Pharmacology - August 19, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Chen B, Li J, Zhu H Tags: Vascul Pharmacol Source Type: research

The cholesterol metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol regulates p53 activity and increases cell proliferation via MDM2 in breast cancer cells.
Abstract Estrogen is synthesized from cholesterol and high cholesterol levels are suggested to be associated with increased risk of estrogen receptor(ER)-positive breast cancer. The cholesterol metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) was recently identified as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and may therefore impact breast cancer progression. However, the mechanisms by which 27-OHC may contribute to breast cancer are not all known. We determined the extent to which 27-OHC regulates cell proliferation in MCF7 ER-positive breast cancer cell line involving the tumor suppressor protein p53. We found t...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - September 8, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Raza S, Ohm JE, Dhasarathy A, Schommer J, Roche C, Hammer KD, Ghribi O Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

Hepatic S1P deficiency lowers plasma cholesterol levels in apoB-containing lipoproteins when LDLR function is compromised
Conclusion: Hepatic S1P is a physiological modulator of plasma Blp metabolism through its regulation of LDLR and PCSK9. Hepatic S1P is a valid target for lowering plasma Blp-c levels in the situation where LDLR function is compromised.
Source: Nutrition and Metabolism - October 20, 2015 Category: Nutrition Authors: Debapriya BasuAfroza HuqJahangir IqbalM. HussainXian-Cheng JiangWeijun Jin Source Type: research

A novel assay uncovers an unexpected role for SR-BI in LDL transcytosis
Conclusion We developed an assay to quantify LDL transcytosis across endothelial cells and discovered an unexpected role for SR-BI. Elucidating the mechanisms of LDL transcytosis may identify novel targets for the prevention or therapy of atherosclerosis.
Source: Cardiovascular Research - October 22, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Armstrong, S. M., Sugiyama, M. G., Fung, K. Y. Y., Gao, Y., Wang, C., Levy, A. S., Azizi, P., Roufaiel, M., Zhu, S.-N., Neculai, D., Yin, C., Bolz, S.-S., Seidah, N. G., Cybulsky, M. I., Heit, B., Lee, W. L. Tags: Vascular Biology Source Type: research

Cerivastatin Represses Atherogenic Gene Expression Through the Induction of KLF2 via Isoprenoid Metabolic Pathways.
Abstract Earlier clinical studies have reported that cerivastatin has an antiatherosclerotic effect that is unique among the statins. In our study, human THP-1 macrophage cells were used to study the effects of various statins on the expressions of the atherosclerotic genes and Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2). Cerivastatin significantly inhibited the two atherosclerotic genes, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) at both the mRNA and protein levels, while the other statins did not. Accordingly, cerivastatin was also the most potent inducer of KLF2 transcription in the ma...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters - November 10, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zhao J, Natarajan SK, Chronos N Tags: Cell Mol Biol Lett Source Type: research

Follicle-stimulating hormone induces postmenopausal dyslipidemia through inhibiting hepatic cholesterol metabolism.
CONCLUSIONS: FSH may interact with its receptors in hepatocytes and reduce LDLR levels, which subsequently attenuates the endocytosis of LDL-C, resulting in an elevated circulating LDL-C level. PMID: 26583582 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - November 19, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Song Y, Wang ES, Xing LL, Shi S, Qu F, Zhang D, Li JY, Shu J, Meng Y, Sheng JZ, Zhou JH, Huang HF Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Cholesterol‐rich lipid rafts are involved in Neuropeptide FF anti‐Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ effect
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - November 30, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhong Ding, Jean‐Marie Zajac Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Involvement of Pregnane X Receptor in the Impaired Glucose Utilization Induced by Atorvastatin in Hepatocytes.
In conclusion, atorvastatin impaired glucose utilization in hepatocytes via repressing GLUT2 and GCK expressions, which may be partly due to PXR activation. PMID: 26616219 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - November 23, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ling Z, Shu N, Xu P, Wang F, Zhong Z, Sun B, Li F, Zhang M, Zhao K, Tang X, Wang Z, Zhu L, Liu L, Liu X Tags: Biochem Pharmacol Source Type: research

ApoA-I Milano stimulates lipolysis in adipose cells independently of cAMP/PKA activation Research Articles
We examined the effects of Milano, a naturally occurring ApoA-I variant, about which little mechanistic information is available. Remarkably, high-fat-fed mice treated with Milano displayed a rapid weight loss greater than ApoA-I WT treated mice, and a significantly reduced adipose tissue mass, without an inflammatory response. Further, lipolysis in adipose cells isolated from mice treated with either WT or Milano was increased. In primary rat adipose cells, Milano stimulated cholesterol efflux and increased glycerol release, independently of β-adrenergic stimulation and phosphorylation of hormone sensitive lipase (Se...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - December 1, 2015 Category: Lipidology Authors: Lindahl, M., Petrlova, J., Dalla-Riva, J., Wasserstrom, S., Rippe, C., Domingo-Espin, J., Kotowska, D., Krupinska, E., Berggreen, C., Jones, H. A., Swärd, K., Lagerstedt, J. O., Göransson, O., Stenkula, K. G. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Atorvastatin restricts HIV replication in CD4+ T cells by upregulation of p21
Conclusion: The results demonstrate a novel mechanism by which atorvastatin induced resistance of CD4+ T cells to HIV-1 infection via p21 upregulation and suggest that statins may hold particular promise for some HIV-infected individuals.
Source: AIDS - December 23, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Basic Science Source Type: research

Cholesterol‐rich lipid rafts are involved in neuropeptide FF anti‐nociceptin/orphanin FQ effect
Abstract The participation of a signaling platform to the anti‐nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) effect of neuropeptide FF (NPFF) receptors was investigated in both acutely dissociated neurons and SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. The NPFF anti‐N/OFQ, not anti‐μ opioid effect, on the Ca2+ transient triggered by depolarization was reversed by methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin which depletes cholesterol from cell membranes. While the inactive α‐cyclodextrin had no effect. By using [35S]GTPγS binding assay, a significant 20% decrease in the activity of nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptors induced by the NPFF analog 1D...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - December 27, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhong Ding, Jean‐Marie Zajac Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Statins up-regulate SmgGDS through {beta}1-integrin/Akt1 pathway in endothelial cells
Conclusion These results indicate that statins selectively up-regulate SmgGDS in endothelial cells, for which the β1-integrin/Akt1 pathway may be involved, demonstrating the novel aspects of the pleiotropic effects of statins.
Source: Cardiovascular Research - December 28, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Minami, T., Satoh, K., Nogi, M., Kudo, S., Miyata, S., Tanaka, S.-i., Shimokawa, H. Tags: Vascular Biology Source Type: research

27-Hydroxycholesterol stimulates cell proliferation and resistance to docetaxel-induced apoptosis in prostate epithelial cells
In this study, we determined the effect of 27-OHC in human prostate epithelial cells RWPE-1. We found that 27-OHC stimulates proliferation and increases androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity. 27-OHC also increased prostate-specific antigen expression and enhanced AR binding to the androgen response element compared to controls. Silencing AR expression with siRNA markedly reduced the 27-OHC-induced proliferation. Furthermore, 27-OHC blocked docetaxel-induced apoptosis. Altogether, our results suggest that 27-OHC may play an important role in PCa and BPH progression by promoting proliferation and suppressing apoptosis.
Source: Medical Oncology - January 5, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research