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Nutrition: Sodium

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Total 222 results found since Jan 2013.

Vitamin C Attenuates Sodium Fluoride-Induced Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis via Sirt1-SOD2 Pathway in F9 Cells.
Abstract Increasing evidence has suggested an important role played by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of fluorosis. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that vitamin C administration ameliorate sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced oxidative stress. However, the potentially beneficial effects of vitamin C against NaF-induced cytotoxicity and the underlying molecular mechanisms of this protection are not fully understood. Here, we found that NaF stimulated cytotoxicity, increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) production, and induced apoptosis in F9 embryonic carcinoma cells. Consistent with ...
Source: Biological Trace Element Research - December 18, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Peng W, Xu S, Zhang J, Zhang Y Tags: Biol Trace Elem Res Source Type: research

Sufficiency of hypoxia-inducible 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenases to block chemical oxidative stress-induced differentiation of human embryonic stem cells
Publication date: Available online 12 December 2018Source: Stem Cell ResearchAuthor(s): Eirini Koutsouraki, Steve Pells, Paul A. De SousaAbstractHypoxia benefits undifferentiated pluripotent stem cell renewal, and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) dioxygenases have been implicated in pluripotent stem cell induction and renewal. We show in human embryonic stem cells (hESC) that an ambient oxygen-induced oxidative stress response elicited by culture in a hypoxic atmosphere (0.5% O2) correlates with the expression of 2OG dioxygenases, which oxidise DNA (TET1, 2, 3) and histone H3 (KDM4C), the former reflected by elevation in genomic 5-hyd...
Source: Stem Cell Research - December 12, 2018 Category: Stem Cells Source Type: research

Palmatine attenuated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis via promoting mitophagy-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome inactivation
Publication date: January 2019Source: Molecular Immunology, Volume 105Author(s): Chu-Tian Mai, Mei-Mei Wu, Chun-Li Wang, Zi-Ren Su, Yuan-Yuan Cheng, Xiao-Jun ZhangAbstractActivation of NLRP3 inflammasomes is crucial in the pathological process of Ulcerative colitis (UC), which could be negatively regulated by PINK1/Parkin-driven mitophagy. Palmatine is a herb derived isoquinoline alkaloid with potent anti-inflammatory and anti-bacteria activities. In present study, we evaluated the effect of palmatine on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mice colitis and examined whether its effect is exerted by promoting mitophagy-medi...
Source: Molecular Immunology - November 28, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Chronic intermittent hypoxia promotes the development of experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by modulating Treg/Th17 differentiation.
Abstract The present study aims to characterize the effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia and HIF1α on the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) process in mice, and to explore the role of the Treg/Th17 balance in the formation of NASH inflammation and fibrosis. To achieve this purpose, simple steatosis was induced in mice by high-fat diet administration. Subsequently, chronic intermittent hypoxia was simulated by intraperitoneally injecting sodium nitrite. The changes of inflammation, fibrosis, and Treg/Th17 balance in the liver were quantified under chronic intermittent hypoxia condition and after tail vein inj...
Source: Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica - October 31, 2018 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Liu J, Li W, Zhu W, He W, Zhao H, Xiang Y, Liu C, Wu W Tags: Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) Source Type: research

Transport of Pregabalin Via L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (SLC7A5) in Human Brain Capillary Endothelial Cell Line
ConclusionsOur results indicate that LAT1, but not LAT2, recognizes pregabalin as a substrate. It is suggested that LAT1 mediates pregabalin transport at the BBB.
Source: Pharmaceutical Research - October 29, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

SGLT1 in pancreatic α cells regulates glucagon secretion in mice, possibly explaining the distinct effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on plasma glucagon levels
ConclusionsThese data suggested that a novel mechanism regulated glucagon secretion through SGLT1 in α cells. This finding possibly explained the distinct effects of dapagliflozin and canagliflozin on plasma glucagon levels in mice.
Source: Molecular Metabolism - October 27, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

MicroRNA-296, a suppressor non-coding RNA, downregulates SGLT2 expression in lung cancer.
In this study, we aimed to determine the role of miR‑296‑5p in lung cancer and whether this involves the targeting of SGLT2. For this purpose, we examined miR‑296‑5p and SGLT2 expression in human lung cancer samples and cell lines by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. In addition, the data analysis website TCGA was used for survival analysis with respect to SGLT2 expression. The effects of miR‑296‑5p were also examined on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression using respective assays. The results demonstrate that miR‑296‑5p is significantly downregulated in NSCLC tissues. Additionally, it is demonstr...
Source: International Journal of Oncology - October 19, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Zhang X, Zhang X, Liu X, Qi P, Wang H, Ma Z, Chai Y Tags: Int J Oncol Source Type: research

Analysis of opossum kidney NaPi-IIc sodium-dependent phosphate transporter to understand Pi handling in human kidney
ConclusionThese findings suggest that NaPi-IIc is important for the expression of NaPi-IIa (NaPi-4) protein in OK cells. Suppression of Npt2c may downregulate Npt2a function in HHRH patients.
Source: Clinical and Experimental Nephrology - October 13, 2018 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Functional analysis and clinical significance of sodium iodide symporter expression in gastric cancer
ConclusionsThese results suggest that NIS regulates tumor progression by affecting IFN signaling, and that its strong expression is related to a worse prognosis in patients with GC. These results provide an insight into the role of NIS as a mediator and/or a biomarker for GC.
Source: Gastric Cancer - September 6, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Biglycan, a Nitric Oxide-Downregulated Proteoglycan, Prevents Nitric Oxide-Induced Neuronal Cell Apoptosis via Targeting Erk1/2 and p38 Signaling Pathways
AbstractNitric oxide (NO), a gaseous signaling molecule, induces apoptosis and mediates neurodegenerative diseases and brain injury. Biglycan (BGN), a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family, was demonstrated to exert anti-apoptosis function in various disease models. However, little is known about the effect of BGN on NO-induced neurotoxicity. Here, for the first time, we reported that BGN protects against NO-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-EP1 cells. This is supported by the finding that sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, triggered downregulation of BGN in SH-EP1 cells, and over-expression o...
Source: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience - August 7, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Resveratrol inhibits STAT5 activation through the induction of SHP-1 and SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatases in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells
STAT5 is an important transcription factor that is constitutively activated in various types of malignancies, including chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Whether the antitumor effects of resveratrol (RES) are linked to its capability to inhibit STAT5 activation in CML cells was investigated. We found that RES inhibited STAT5 activation in K562 and KU812 cell lines; RES also reduced the STAT5 concentration in the nucleus of K562 and KU812 cells. Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibitor, sodium pervanadate, reversed the RES-induced downregulation of STAT5, suggesting the involvement of a PTP. Indeed, we observed that R...
Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs - July 13, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Preclinical Reports Source Type: research

Exogenous hydrogen sulfide ameliorates high glucose-induced myocardial injury & inflammation via the CIRP-MAPK signaling pathway in H9c2 cardiac cells
In this study, we hypothesize that exogenous H2S may protect cardiac cells against high glucose (HG)-induced myocardial injury and inflammation with the involvement of the CIRP-MAPK signaling pathway.Main methodsH9c2 cardiac cells cultured under HG conditions were transfected with siRNA and different inhibitors for detecting the effects of sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS) (a H2S donor) on cell biological processes. The cardiac cell viability and LDH activity were determined by CCK-8 and LDH kit. ELISA was employed to measure the levels of inflammatory factors, while 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) to evalua...
Source: Life Sciences - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research

The choroid plexus sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe2 regulates mouse cerebrospinal fluid pH.
In conclusion, we establish the concept that the CPE is involved in the regulation of CSF pH by demonstrating that NBCe2 is necessary for proper CSF pH recovery after hypercapnia-induced acidosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 29956324 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Physiology - June 29, 2018 Category: Physiology Authors: Christensen HL, Barbuskaite D, Rojek A, Malte H, Christensen IB, Füchtbauer AC, Füchtbauer EM, Wang T, Praetorius J, Damkier HH Tags: J Physiol Source Type: research