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Total 46 results found since Jan 2013.

Aptamer-siRNA Chimeras for HIV.
Authors: Takahashi M, Burnett JC, Rossi JJ Abstract Since 1980s, HIV/AIDS has escalated into a global pandemic. Although combinatorial antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimens can suppress plasma virus levels to below the detection limit and the survival rate of HIV-1 infected patients has been improving, long-term cART holds the potential to cause a number of chronic diseases. RNA interference (RNAi) is considered as a powerful method for developing new generation of therapeutics. Discovery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) shed light on limitations of targets that are "undruggable" with current technologies. Howev...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - March 12, 2015 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

siRNA-nanoparticle conjugate in gene silencing: A future cure to deadly diseases?
Abstract Alzheimers, cancer, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are considered to be some of the most deadly diseases of the 21st century on account of their severity and rapid increase in the number of affected population and with scarce cases of recovery, they still remain a troubling paradox. Specifically, with millions of cancer patients worldwide and lack of proper cure for the same, understanding the deadly disease at the molecular level and planning a therapeutic strategy in the same line is the need of the hour. Further, the potential threat of prevalence and escalation of Alzheimer's and HIV (huma...
Source: Appl Human Sci - May 11, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Acharya R, Saha S, Ray S, Hazra S, Mitra MK, Chakraborty J Tags: Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl Source Type: research

Challenges and opportunities for siRNA-based cancer treatment
• Distinct rules for chemical modification of siRNA and antisense oligonucleotide• Optimised research model leads to predictable bio-distribution pattern of siRNAs• Characterisation of endosomal escape aids future siRNA-based cancer treatment• Gene target selection - cancer stem cell critical genes and multiple gene targeting• Aappropriate research controls and 5'RACE assay ensure minimum off-target effect
Source: Cancer Letters - March 31, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Tao Wang, Sarah Shigdar, Hadi AlShamaileh, Michael P. Gantier, Wang Yin, Dongxi Xiang, Lan Wang, Shu-Feng Zhou, Yingchun Hou, Peng Wang, Weihong Zhang, Chunwen Pu, Wei Duan Tags: Mini-review Source Type: research

Auranofin, an Anti-rheumatic Gold Drug, Aggravates the Radiation-Induced Acute Intestinal Injury in Mice
Conclusion In this study, we found that a non-toxic dose of auranofin significantly aggravated the severity of the radiation-induced intestinal injury. This suggests that auranofin treatment can be an independent factor that influences the risk of intestinal complications after pelvic or abdominal radiotherapy. Ethics Statement All the protocols used in this study were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Korean Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (IACUC permit number: KIRAMS217-0007). Author Contributions H-JL, JS, and Y-BL designed the experiments. EL and JK conducted the exp...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Long-term suppression of HIV-1C virus production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by LTR heterochromatization with a short double-stranded RNA
Conclusions We have identified a potent dsRNA that causes long-term suppression of HIV-1C virus production in vitro and ex vivo by heritable epigenetic modification at the targeted C-LTR region. This dsRNA has promising therapeutic potential in HIV-1C infection, the clade responsible for more than half of AIDS cases worldwide.
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - January 9, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: Singh, A., Palanichamy, J. K., Ramalingam, P., Kassab, M. A., Bhagat, M., Andrabi, R., Luthra, K., Sinha, S., Chattopadhyay, P. Tags: Original research Source Type: research

c-SRC protein tyrosine kinase regulates early HIV-1 infection post-entry
Conclusions: Our results suggest c-SRC tyrosine kinase is a major regulator of HIV-1 infection, participating in multiple stages of infection post-entry: Reduced proviral integration with increased 2-LTR circles is reminiscent of integrase inhibitors used in combination antiretroviral therapy. Decreasing c-SRC expression and/or activity provides a new target for antiviral intervention and the potential for repurposing existing FDA-approved kinase inhibitors.
Source: AIDS - March 15, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Basic Science Source Type: research

CDK9 inhibition strategy defines distinct sets of target genes
Conclusion: The nature of the strategy used to inhibit CDK9 profoundly affects the patterns of gene expression resulting from CDK9 inhibition. These results suggest multiple variables that affect outcome, including kinetics of inhibition, potency, off-target effects, and selectivity issues. This is particularly important when considering CDK9 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Source: BMC Research Notes - May 16, 2014 Category: Research Authors: Judit GarrigaXavier Graña Source Type: research

Knockdown of Unconventional Myosin ID Expression Induced Morphological Change in Oligodendrocytes
We report here that Myo1d is expressed during later stages of OL differentiation, together with myelin proteolipid protein (PLP). In addition, Myo1d is distributed at the leading edge of the myelin-like membrane in cultured OL, colocalizing mainly with actin filaments, 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and partially with PLP. Myo1d-knockdown with specific siRNA induces significant morphological changes such as the retraction of processes and degeneration of myelin-like membrane, and finally apoptosis. Furthermore, loss of Myo1d by siRNA results in the impairment of intracellular PLP transport. Together, these resul...
Source: ASN Neuro - September 20, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yamazaki, R., Ishibashi, T., Baba, H., Yamaguchi, Y. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Induction of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor 2 by hCG regulates Periovulatory Gene Expression and Plasmin Activity.
Abstract A key event during the process of ovulation is an increased proteolytic activity that aids in breakdown of the follicular wall to permit oocyte release. How the activity of these proteases is regulated is still not known. We hypothesize that Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor 2 (TFPI2), a matrix-associated Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor, plays a role in regulating proteolytic activity during the periovulatory period as in other tissues. TFPI2 is secreted into the extracellular matrix (ECM) where it is postulated to regulate physiological ECM remodeling. The expression profile of TFPI2 during the perio...
Source: Endocrinology - November 3, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Puttabyatappa M, Al-Alem LF, Zakerkish F, Rosewell KL, Brännström M, Curry TE Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

SOCS and Herpesviruses, With Emphasis on Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
Christine I. Alston1,2 and Richard D. Dix1,2* 1Department of Biology, Viral Immunology Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins provide selective negative feedback to prevent pathogeneses caused by overstimulation of the immune system. Of the eight known SOCS proteins, SOCS1 and SOCS3 are the best studied, and systemic deletion of either gene causes early lethality in mice. Many viruses, including herpesviruses such as herpes simplex virus and cytomega...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 10, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

HIV-1 trans-activator protein dysregulates IFN-γ signaling and contributes to the suppression of autophagy induction
Conclusion: HIV-1 Tat suppressed the induction of autophagy-associated genes and inhibited the formation of autophagosomes. Perturbation of such cellular processes by HIV-1 would impair the effective containment of invading pathogens, thereby providing a favorable environment for opportunistic microbes in HIV-infected individuals.
Source: AIDS - January 2, 2011 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Basic Science Source Type: research

A review of nanotechnological approaches for the prophylaxis of HIV/AIDS.
Abstract Successful treatment and control of HIV/AIDS is one of the biggest challenges of 21st century. More than 33 million individuals are infected with HIV worldwide and more than 2 million new cases of HIV infection have been reported. The situation demands development of effective prevention strategies to control the pandemic of AIDS. Due to lack of availability of an effective HIV vaccine, antiretroviral drugs and nucleic acid therapeutics like siRNA have been explored for HIV prophylaxis. Clinical trials shave shown that antiretroviral drugs, tenofovir and emtricitabine can offer some degree of HIV preventi...
Source: Biomaterials - May 28, 2013 Category: Materials Science Authors: Date AA, Destache CJ Tags: Biomaterials Source Type: research

Disulfiram reactivates latent HIV-1 expression through depletion of the phosphatase and tensin homolog
Conclusion: DSF reactivates latent HIV-1 expression via the Akt signaling pathway through depletion of PTEN.
Source: AIDS - January 14, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Fast Track Source Type: research

Celastrol ameliorates HIV-1 Tat-induced inflammatory responses via NF-kappaB and AP-1 inhibition and heme oxygenase-1 induction in astrocytes.
In this study, we investigated the modulatory effects of celastrol on HIV-1 Tat-induced inflammatory responses and the molecular mechanisms underlying its action in astrocytes. Pre-treatment of CRT-MG human astroglioma cells with celastrol significantly inhibited HIV-1 Tat-induced expression of ICAM-1/VCAM-1 and subsequent monocyte adhesiveness in CRT-MG cells. In addition, celastrol suppressed HIV-1 Tat-induced expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines, such as CXCL10, IL-8, and MCP-1. Celastrol decreased HIV-1 Tat-induced activation of JNK MAPK, AP-1, and NF-κB. Furthermore, celastrol induced mRNA and protein expression...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - July 23, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Youn GS, Kwon DJ, Ju SM, Rhim H, Bae YS, Choi SY, Park J Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Abstract 3294: Notch signaling is regulated by vacuolar ATPase in triple negative breast cancer
Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) constitutes 15 % of all diagnosed breast cancers. It is more common among African American and younger women. TNBC cells do not express Estrogen, Progesterone and Her2 receptors. As a result, patients have limited treatment options. To effectively treat TNBC, it is important to identify and target specific signaling pathways that contribute to TNBC tumorigenesis. Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved juxtacrine pathway that is important in normal mammary development and has been shown to play a role in TNBC progression. Although there has been considerable research on role of N...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Pamarthy, S., Beaman, K. D. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research