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Condition: Epilepsy

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Total 35 results found since Jan 2013.

Inhibition of TRIB3 Protects Against Neurotoxic Injury Induced by Kainic Acid in Rats
Epilepsy refers to a group of neurological disorders of varying etiology characterized by recurrent seizures, resulting in brain dysfunction. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is highly activated in the process of epilepsy-related brain injury. However, the mechanisms by which ER stress triggers neuronal apoptosis remain to be fully elucidated. Tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3) is a pseudokinase that affects a number of cellular functions, and its expression is increased during ER stress. Here, we sought to clarify the role of TRIB3 in neuronal apoptosis mediated by ER stress. In the kainic acid (KA) (10 mg/kg)-induced rat s...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - May 21, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Sprouty2 —a Novel Therapeutic Target in the Nervous System?
AbstractClinical trials applying growth factors to alleviate symptoms of patients with neurological disorders have largely been unsuccessful in the past. As an alternative approach, growth factor receptors or components of their signal transduction machinery may be targeted directly. In recent years, the search for intracellular signaling integrator downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases provided valuable novel substrates. Among them are the Sprouty proteins which mainly act as inhibitors of growth factor-dependent neuronal and glial signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize the role of Sprouties in the lesioned ce...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - May 7, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Downregulation of microRNA-200c-3p reduces damage of hippocampal neurons in epileptic rats by upregulating expression of RECK and inactivating the AKT signaling pathway
ConclusionOur study provides evidence that downregulation of miR-200c-3p reduces damage of hippocampal neurons in epileptic rats by upregulating RECK and inactivating the AKT signaling pathway.Graphical abstract
Source: Chemico Biological Interactions - April 22, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

P2Y4/TSP-1/TGF- β1/pSmad2/3 pathway contributes to acute generalized seizures induced by kainic acid.
P2Y4/TSP-1/TGF-β1/pSmad2/3 pathway contributes to acute generalized seizures induced by kainic acid. Brain Res Bull. 2019 Apr 18;: Authors: Zhang Y, Zhu W, Yu H, Yu J, Zhang M, Pan X, Gao X, Wang Q, Sun H Abstract Epilepsy is accompanied by angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. The transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/phosphorylated small mothers against decapentaplegic 2 and 3 (pSmad2/3)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway, activated by thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), which is further regulated by Y type P2 purinergic receptor activity, may participate in angiogenesis. W...
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - April 17, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhang Y, Zhu W, Yu H, Yu J, Zhang M, Pan X, Gao X, Wang Q, Sun H Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

Transport of Pregabalin Via L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (SLC7A5) in Human Brain Capillary Endothelial Cell Line
ConclusionsOur results indicate that LAT1, but not LAT2, recognizes pregabalin as a substrate. It is suggested that LAT1 mediates pregabalin transport at the BBB.
Source: Pharmaceutical Research - October 29, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Effects of Carbamazepine on the P-gp and CYP3A Expression Correlated with PXR or NF-κB Activity in the bEnd.3 Cells
Publication date: Available online 9 October 2018Source: Neuroscience LettersAuthor(s): Xian-Jin Ke, Yong-fei Cheng, Nian Yu, Qing DiAbstractDrug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is present in 20-30% of all patients who develop epilepsy. Growing evidences demonstrated that glutamate released during seizures to increase the brain P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is known to influence the P-gp and cytochrome P450 (CYP) expression. However, the exact molecular mechanism is still unknown. We investigated that the effects of NF-κB and pregnane X receptor (PXR) activity on P-gp and CYP3A expression in mouse brain e...
Source: Neuroscience Letters - October 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Down-regulation of Long Noncoding RNA MALAT1 Protects Hippocampal Neurons Against Excessive Autophagy and Apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in Rats with Epilepsy
In this study, we explore the ability of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) to influence the autophagy and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in epilepsy and the underlying mechanism involving the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to normal, sham, Ep, Ep + si-NC, Ep + si-MALAT1, and Ep + si-MALAT1 + LY groups. Fluorescence in situ hybridization kit was employed to determine the MALAT1 in the brain tissues. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were performed to determine the e...
Source: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience - June 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Neuroprotection of edaravone on the hippocampus of kainate-induced epilepsy rats through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
Publication date: Available online 8 July 2017 Source:Neurochemistry International Author(s): Zhiguang Liu, Chengzhi Yang, Xinyan Meng, Zaili Li, Cunling Lv, Peiwei Cao Epilepsy is a severe and chronic neurological disease. Edaravone is an effective free radical scavenger and has been reported to prevent neuronal loss induced by Kainate (KA). However, the molecular mechanisms by which edaravone inhibits KA-induced neuron injury remain elusive. Seventy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups. For KA treatment, Kainate (4 μg/kg) were administrated in the right hippocampus CA3 region with sereotactic tec...
Source: Neurochemistry International - July 9, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

HMGB1 regulates P-glycoprotein expression in status epilepticus rat brains via the RAGE/NF- κB signaling pathway.
HMGB1 regulates P-glycoprotein expression in status epilepticus rat brains via the RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep. 2017 Jun 14;: Authors: Xie Y, Yu N, Chen Y, Zhang K, Ma HY, Di Q Abstract Overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the brain is an important mechanism involved in drug‑resistant epilepsy (DRE). High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), an inflammatory cytokine, significantly increases following seizures and may be involved in upregulation of P‑gp. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of HMGB1 and its downstream ...
Source: Molecular Medicine Reports - June 21, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Mol Med Rep Source Type: research

< b > < i > FAM222B < /i > < /b > Is Not a Likely Novel Candidate Gene for Cerebral Cavernous Malformations
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are prevalent slow-flow vascular lesions which harbour the risk to develop intracranial haemorrhages, focal neurological deficits, and epileptic seizures. Autosomal dominantly inherited CCMs were found to be associated with heterozygous inactivating mutations in 3 genes, CCM1 (KRIT1) , CCM2 (MGC4607) , and CCM3 (PDCD10) in 1999, 2003 and 2005, respectively. Despite the availability of high-throughput sequencing techniques, no further CCM gene has been published since. Here, we report on the identification of an autosomal dominantly inherited frameshift mutation in a gene of thus...
Source: Molecular Syndromology - July 25, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Expression of Glypican-4 in the brains of epileptic patients and epileptic animals and its effects on epileptic seizures.
In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of Gpc4 in patients with epilepsy and in a pilocarpine-induced rat model of epilepsy. We also determined if altered Gpc4 expression resulted in increased susceptibility to seizures. Western blotting and immunofluorescent methods were utilized. Gpc4 was significantly increased in patients and epileptic rats induced by pilocarpine injection. According to behavioral studies, downregulation of Gpc4 by Gpc4 siRNA decreased spontaneous seizure frequency, while upregulation of Gpc4 by recombinant Gpc4 overexpression led to a converse result. These findings support the hypothe...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - July 13, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Zheng F, Yang Y, Xu X, Wang W, Zhu B, Wang X Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

FAM222B Is Not a Likely Novel Candidate Gene for Cerebral Cavernous Malformations
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are prevalent slow-flow vascular lesions which harbour the risk to develop intracranial haemorrhages, focal neurological deficits, and epileptic seizures. Autosomal dominantly inherited CCMs were found to be associated with heterozygous inactivating mutations in 3 genes, CCM1(KRIT1), CCM2(MGC4607), and CCM3(PDCD10) in 1999, 2003 and 2005, respectively. Despite the availability of high-throughput sequencing techniques, no further CCM gene has been published since. Here, we report on the identification of an autosomal dominantly inherited frameshift mutation in a gene of thus far unkno...
Source: Molecular Syndromology - June 17, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Valproic acid protects against haemorrhagic shock‐induced signalling changes via PPARγ activation in an in vitro model
CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONSChanges in GSK3β‐Ser9 phosphorylation in in vivo haemorrhagic shock models can be modelled in vitro, and this has identified a role for PPARγ activation in the protective role of VPA.
Source: British Journal of Pharmacology - September 1, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Alexandra M E Zuckermann, Roberto M La Ragione, Deborah L Baines, Robin S B Williams Tags: RESEARCH PAPER Source Type: research

Association of Alpha-Soluble NSF Attachment Protein with Epileptic Seizure
This study aimed to assess αSNAP expression in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients and pilocarpine-induced rat model and to determine whether altered αSNAP expression leads to increased susceptibility to seizures. The expression of αSNAP was assessed in the temporal lobe from patients with TLE and pilocarpine-induced epileptic rats. In addition, αSNAP expression was silenced by lentivirus pLKD-CMV-GFP-U6-NAPA (primer: GGAAGCATGCGAGATCTATGC) in animals. At day 7, the animals were kindled by pilocarpine and then the time of latency to seizure and the incidence of chronic idiopathic epilepsy seizures were assessed. The ...
Source: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience - July 8, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Inactivation of histone deacetylase 1 (hdac1) but not hdac2 is required for the glucocorticoid-dependent ccaat/enhancer binding protein α (c/ebpα) expression and preadipocyte differentiation.
In this study, we sought to demonstrate using two different strategies the definite role of HDACl in adipogenesis. By using siRNA-mediated knockdown of HDAC1 and by generating an enzymatically inactive HDAC1D181A by site-directed mutagenesis, we were able to show that HDAC1, but not HDAC2, suppresses GR-potentiated preadipocyte differentiation by decreasing C/ebpα and Pparγ expression levels at the onset of differentiation. Finally, we demonstrate that HDAC1D181A acts as a dominant negative mutant of HDACl during adipogenesis by modulating C/EBPβ transcriptional activity on the C/ebpα promoter. PMID: 25203139 [Pub...
Source: Endocrinology - September 9, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kuzmochka C, Abdou HS, Haché RJ, Atlas E Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research