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Condition: Obesity

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Total 449 results found since Jan 2013.

MAPK-interacting kinase 2 (MNK2) regulates adipocyte metabolism independently of its catalytic activity.
Abstract The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-interacting kinases (MNKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that are activated by the ERK1/2 (extracellular-regulated kinase) and p38α/β MAPK pathways. The MNKs have previously been implicated in metabolic disease and shown to mediate diet-induced obesity. In particular, knockout of MNK2 in mice protects from the weight gain induced by a high-fat diet. These and other data suggest that MNK2 regulates expansion of adipose tissue, a stable, long-term energy reserve that plays an important role in regulating whole-body energy homeostasis. Using the well-estab...
Source: The Biochemical Journal - July 9, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Merrett J, Xie J, Psaltis PJ, Proud CG Tags: Biochem J Source Type: research

Adiponectin treatment improves insulin resistance in mice by regulating the expression of the mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c and its response to exercise via APPL1 –SIRT1–PGC-1α
Conclusions/interpretationOur findings showed that the APPL1 –SIRT1–PGC-1α pathway regulates the production and/or secretion of skeletal muscle MOTS-c by mediating adiponectin signalling. Our study provides an insight into the cellular and molecular pathways underlying the pathogenesis of diabetes and shows that MOTS-c is a potential novel therapeutic ta rget in the treatment of diabetes.Graphical abstract
Source: Diabetologia - September 2, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

GPR120 regulates pancreatic polypeptide secretion from male mouse islets via PLC-mediated calcium mobilization.
In this study, GPR120-IRES-EGFP knockin (KI) mouse was generated to identify GPR120-expressing cells with enhance green fluorescence proteins (EGFP). EGFP-positive cells collected from the KI mouse islets by flow cytometry had significantly higher expression of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) evidenced by RT-qPCR. Single cell RT-PCR and immunocytochemical double staining also demonstrated the co-expression of GPR120 with PP in mouse islets. GPR120 specific agonist, TUG-891, significantly increased plasma PP levels in mice. TUG-891 significantly increased PP levels in islet medium in vitro, which was markedly attenuated by GPR1...
Source: Endocrinology - September 1, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Zhao YF, Li XC, Liang XY, Zhao YY, Xie R, Zhang LJ, Zhang XC, Chen C Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

JUP/plakoglobin is regulated by salt-inducible kinase 2, and is required for insulin-induced signalling and glucose uptake in adipocytes.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings identify JUP as a novel player in the regulation of insulin sensitivity in adipocytes, and suggest that changes in JUP expression could contribute to the effect of SIK2 on insulin signalling in these cells. PMID: 32966883 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cellular Signalling - September 19, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Negoita F, Vavakova M, Säll J, Laurencikiene J, Göransson O Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

Distinct roles for Notch1 and Notch3 in human adipose-derived stem/stromal cell adipogenesis.
This study deepens the understanding of the Notch pathway by clarifying the distinct roles of Notch1 and Notch3 during adipogenesis. We showed that Notch3 is involved in early adipogenic differentiation, while Notch1 functions later in the process. In addition, we begin to uncover the interaction between the Notch and Wnt signaling pathways that may offer novel therapeutic targets aimed at obesity and diabetes. PMID: 33021719 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Molecular Biology Reports - October 5, 2020 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Liu MC, Logan H, Newman JJ Tags: Mol Biol Rep Source Type: research

iTRAQ-and LC-MS/MS-based quantitative proteomics reveals Pqlc2 as a potential regulator ofhepatic glucose metabolism and insulin signaling pathway during fasting.
In conclusion, our study provides important information onprotein profile change during prolonged fasting with iTRAQ-and LC-MS/MS-based quantitative proteomics, and identifies Pqlc2 as a potential regulator of hepatic glucose metabolism and insulin signaling pathwayin this process. PMID: 33051888 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - October 13, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Sun DY, Fu JT, Li GQ, Zhang WJ, Zeng FY, Tong J, Miao CY, Li DJ, Wang P Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: research

Fat mass and obesity-associated protein regulates lipogenesis via m6 A modification in fatty acid synthase mRNA.
This study provides novel insights into a unique RNA epigenetic mechanism by which FTO mediates hepatic lipid accumulation through m6 A modification and indicates that FTO could be a potential target for obesity-related diseases and cancer. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 33079435 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cell Biology International - October 20, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Sun D, Zhao T, Zhang Q, Wu M, Zhang Z Tags: Cell Biol Int Source Type: research

Angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonism by losartan stimulates adipocyte browning via induction of apelin Cell Biology
Adipocyte browning appears to be a potential therapeutic strategy to combat obesity and related metabolic disorders. Recent studies have shown that apelin, an adipokine, stimulates adipocyte browning and has negative cross-talk with angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1 receptor) signaling. Here, we report that losartan, a selective AT1 receptor antagonist, induces browning, as evidenced by an increase in browning marker expression, mitochondrial biogenesis, and oxygen consumption in murine adipocytes. In parallel, losartan up-regulated apelin expression, concomitant with increased phosphorylation of protein kinase B and AMP...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - October 30, 2020 Category: Chemistry Authors: Dong Young Kim, Mi Jin Choi, Tae Kyung Ko, Na Hyun Lee, Ok-Hee Kim, Hyae Gyeong Cheon Tags: Cell Biology Source Type: research

MiR-183-5p induced by saturated fatty acids regulates the myogenic differentiation by directly targeting FHL1 in C2C12 myoblasts.
This study examined the implications of SFA-induced miR-183-5p on the myogenic differentiation in C2C12 myoblasts. Long-chain SFA palmitic acid (PA) drastically reduced myogenic transcription factors, such as myoblast determination protein (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG), and myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C), and inhibited FHL1 expression and myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts, accompanied by the induction of miR-183-5p. The knockdown of FHL1 by siRNA inhibited myogenic differentiation of myoblasts. Interestingly, miR-183-5p inversely regulated the expression of FHL1, a crucial regulator of skeletal myogenesis, by targe...
Source: BMB Reports - November 4, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Nguyen MT, Min KH, Lee W Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: research

Pterostilbene, A Bioactive Component of Blueberries, Alleviates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis by Inhibiting Macrophage-Myofibroblast Transition.
In this study, we investigated the antifibrotic effects of PTB on the in vivo mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model and in vitro MMT cells. Kidneys subjected to UUO with PTB treatment were collected for the investigation of PTB mediating MMT derived renal interstitial fibrosis. We conducted kidney RNA-seq transcriptomes and TGF-[Formula: see text]1-induced bone marrow-derived macrophages assays to determine the mechanisms of PTB. We found that PTB treatment suppressed the interstitial fibrosis in UUO mice. PTB also attenuated the number of MMT cells in vivo and in vitro. The transcriptomic analysis showed that ...
Source: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine - November 5, 2020 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Feng Y, Guo F, Mai H, Liu J, Xia Z, Zhu G, Zhang J, Ma L, Fu P Tags: Am J Chin Med Source Type: research

Empagliflozin Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis by Activating the AMPK-TET2-Autophagy Pathway in vivo and in vitro
Conclusion: Empagliflozin improves hepatic steatosis through the AMPK-TET2-autophagy pathway. The use of empagliflozin as a treatment for preventing and treating MAFLD in patients with T2DM warrants further study.
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - January 20, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 1328: Identification of a Sesquiterpene Lactone from Arctium lappa Leaves with Antioxidant Activity in Primary Human Muscle Cells
In this study, we investigated the antioxidant properties of Arctium lappa leaves in a model of primary human muscle cells exposed to H2O2 oxidative stress. We identified using bioassay-guided purification, onopordopicrin, a sesquiterpene lactone as the main molecule responsible for the antioxidant activity of A. lappa leaf extract. According to our findings, onopordopicrin inhibited the H2O2-mediated loss of muscle cell viability, by limiting the production of free radicals and abolishing DNA cellular damages. Moreover, we showed that onopordopicrin promoted the expression of the nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor ...
Source: Molecules - March 2, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Nour El Khatib Sylvie Morel G érald Hugon Sylvie Rapior Gilles Carnac Nathalie Saint Tags: Article Source Type: research

Tetrahydroxystilbene glycoside improves endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in obese rats: the role of omentin-1
CONCLUSIONS: Down-regulation of omentin-1 induces endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in obesity. TSG treatment (at least partially) increases omentin-1 via promoting binding of PPAR-γ and Itln-1 promoter in adipose tissues, subsequently exerts protective effects on endothelial function via activating Akt/eNOS/NO signaling and attenuating oxidative/nitrative stress. These results suggest that TSG could be developed as a promising anti-hypertension agent that protects against endothelial dysfunction and obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases.PMID:33647262 | DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114489
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - March 1, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Qianqian Dong Wenjuan Xing Kaifeng Li Xuanxuan Zhou Siwang Wang Haifeng Zhang Source Type: research