Filtered By:
Condition: Obesity

This page shows you your search results in order of relevance. This is page number 7.

Order by Relevance | Date

Total 449 results found since Jan 2013.

In vivo Activating Transcription factor 3 silencing ameliorates the AMPK compensatory effects for ER stress-mediated β-cell dysfunction during the progression of type-2 diabetes.
Abstract In obese Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, ER stress is associated with insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction; however the exact mechanisms by which ER stress drives type-2 diabetes remain uncertain. Here, we investigated the role of ATF3 on the preventive regulation of AMPK against ER stress-mediated β-cell dysfunction during the end-stage progression of hyperglycemia in ZDF rats. The impaired glucose metabolism and β-cell dysfunction were significantly increased in late-diabetic phase 19-week-old ZDF rats. Although AMPK phosphorylation reduced in 6- and 12-week-old ZDF rats was remarka...
Source: Cellular Signalling - August 2, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Kim JY, Park KJ, Kim GH, Jeong EA, Lee DY, Lee SS, Kim DJ, Roh GS, Song J, Ki SH, Kim WH Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

Critical role of leukotriene B4 receptor signaling in mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation
Conclusions: The LTB4-BLT signaling pathway provides a potent regulatory signal that accelerates the differentiation of mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Further investigations are necessary to confirm the exact role of LTB4 and BLTs signaling pathways in preadipocyte differentiation.
Source: Lipids in Health and Disease - August 9, 2013 Category: Lipidology Authors: Kae HirataKoichiro WadaYuka MurataAtsushi NakajimaTakashi YamashiroYoshinori Kamisaki Source Type: research

Tcf19 is a novel islet factor necessary for proliferation and survival in the INS-1 {beta}-cell line
Recently, a novel type 1 diabetes association locus was identified at human chromosome 6p31.3, and transcription factor 19 (TCF19) is a likely causal gene. Little is known about Tcf19, and we now show that it plays a role in both proliferation and apoptosis in insulinoma cells. Tcf19 is expressed in mouse and human islets, with increasing mRNA expression in nondiabetic obesity. The expression of Tcf19 is correlated with β-cell mass expansion, suggesting that it may be a transcriptional regulator of β-cell mass. Increasing proliferation and decreasing apoptotic cell death are two strategies to increase pancreatic ...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - September 1, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Krautkramer, K. A., Linnemann, A. K., Fontaine, D. A., Whillock, A. L., Harris, T. W., Schleis, G. J., Truchan, N. A., Marty-Santos, L., Lavine, J. A., Cleaver, O., Kimple, M. E., Davis, D. B. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Preference for linoleic acid in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats is attenuated by the reduction of CD36 on the tongue.
Abstract Differential sensing of dietary fat and fatty acids by the oral cavity is proposed to regulate the susceptibility to obesity. In the current experiments, animals which differ in their susceptibility to obesity were used to investigate the influence of the oral cavity on the preference for the polyunsaturated fatty acid, linoleic acid. In Experiment 1, the preference for differing concentrations of linoleic acid was determined in obesity-prone, Osborne-Mendel (OM) and obesity-resistant S5B/Pl (S5B) rats. The preference threshold for linoleic acid was lower in S5B rats, compared to OM rats. To determine if ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - October 23, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Chen CS, Bench EM, Allerton TD, Schreiber AL, Arceneaux KP, Primeaux SD Tags: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Source Type: research

Activation of nucleotide oligomerization domain containing protein 1 induces lipolysis through NF-κB and the lipolytic PKA activation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Abstract Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation. Toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD-like receptors (NLR) are two families of pattern recognition receptors that play important roles in the immune response and inflammation in adipocytes. Activation of TLR4 has been shown to stimulate lipolysis from adipose tissue or adipocytes. However, effects of activation of nucleotide-oligomerization domain containing protein 1 (NOD1), one of the prominent members of NLRs, on adipocyte lipolysis have not been studied. Here we report that NOD1 activation by the synthetic ligands (Tri-DAP and C12-iEDAP) stimulated lipolysi...
Source: Biochemistry and Cell Biology - November 18, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Purohit JS, Hu P, Chen G, Whelan J, Moustaid-Moussa N, Zhao L Tags: Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Preference for linoleic acid in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats is attenuated by the reduction of CD36 on the tongue
Differential sensing of dietary fat and fatty acids by the oral cavity is proposed to regulate the susceptibility to obesity. In the current experiments, animals that differ in their susceptibility to obesity were used to investigate the influence of the oral cavity on the preference for the polyunsaturated fatty acid, linoleic acid. In experiment 1, the preference for differing concentrations of linoleic acid was determined in obesity-prone Osborne-Mendel (OM) and obesity-resistant S5B/Pl (S5B) rats. The preference threshold for linoleic acid was lower in S5B rats, compared with OM rats. To determine whether differences i...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - December 5, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Chen, C. S.- Y., Bench, E. M., Allerton, T. D., Schreiber, A. L., Arceneaux, K. P., Primeaux, S. D. Tags: Obesity, Diabetes and Energy Homeostasis Source Type: research

Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Prevents Autoimmune-Associated Down-Regulation of p21 in Salivary Gland Cells Through a p53-Independent Pathway.
In conclusion, PCNA and p21 levels are altered inversely in the NOD model for SS and in HSG cells, and warrant further study as candidate new markers for salivary dysfunction associated with xerostomia. Induction of p21 by EGCG could provide clinically useful normalization of salivary glands by promoting differentiation and reducing PCNA levels. PMID: 24329914 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Inflammation and Allergy Drug Targets - December 10, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Dickinson D, Yu H, Ohno S, Thomas C, Derossi S, Yat-Ho M, Yates N, Hahn E, Bisch F, Yamamoto T, Hsu S Tags: Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets Source Type: research

IKK epsilon is key to induction of insulin resistance in the hypothalamus and its inhibition reverses obesity.
Abstract IKK epsilon (IKKε) is induced by the activation of NFκB. Whole body IKKε knockout mice on a high fat diet (HFD) were protected from insulin resistance and showed altered energy balance. Here, we demonstrate that IKKε is expressed in neurons and is upregulated in the hypothalamus of obese mice, contributing to insulin and leptin resistance. Blocking IKKε in the hypothalamus of obese mice, using CAYMAN10576 or siRNA, decreased NFκB activation in this tissue, relieving the inflammatory environment. Inhibition of IKKε activity, but not TBK1, reduced IRS-1(Ser) phosphorylation and insulin and leptin res...
Source: Diabetes - May 8, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Weissmann L, Quaresma PG, Santos AC, de Matos AH, D'Ávila Bittencourt Pascoal V, Zanotto TM, Castro G, Guadgnini D, Martins da Silva J, Velloso LA, Bittencourt JC, Lopes-Cendes I, Saad MJ, Prada PO Tags: Diabetes Source Type: research

KLF14 and SK1 Lipid Signaling DNA and Chromosomes
In this study, we identified SK1 as a target of the canonical FGF2/FGF receptor 1 activation pathway in endothelial cells and sought to identify novel transcriptional pathways that mediate lipid signaling. Studies using the 1.9-kb SK1 promoter and deletion mutants revealed that basal and FGF2-stimulated promoter activity occurred through two GC-rich regions located within 633 bp of the transcription start site. Screening for GC-rich binding transcription factors that could activate this site demonstrated that KLF14, a gene implicated in obesity and the metabolic syndrome, binds to this region. Congruently, overexpression o...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - May 30, 2014 Category: Chemistry Authors: de Assuncao, T. M., Lomberk, G., Cao, S., Yaqoob, U., Mathison, A., Simonetto, D. A., Huebert, R. C., Urrutia, R. A., Shah, V. H. Tags: Gene Regulation Source Type: research

Resistin-induced stromal cell-derived factor-1 expression through Toll-like receptor 4 and activation of p38 MAPK/ NFkappaB signaling pathway in gastric cancer cells
Conclusions: Resistin-induced SDF-1 upregulation by activation of TLR4, p38 MARK and NF-kappaB may explain a new role of resistin in the link of obesity and gastric cancer.
Source: BioMed Central - June 14, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Yung-Yu HsiehChien-Heng ShenWen-Shih HuangChih-Chien ChinYi-Hung KuoMeng Chiao HsiehHong-Ren YuTe-Sheng ChangTseng-Hsi LinYung-Wei ChiuCheng-Nan ChenHsing-Chun KuoShui-Yi Tung Source Type: research

Lipid storage by adipose tissue macrophages regulates systemic glucose tolerance.
Abstract Pro-inflammatory pathways in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) can impair glucose tolerance in obesity, but ATMs may also be beneficial as repositories for excess lipid that adipocytes are unable to store. To test this hypothesis, we selectively targeted visceral ATMs in obese mice with siRNA against lipoprotein lipase (LPL), leaving macrophages within other organs unaffected. Selective silencing of ATM LPL decreased foam cell formation in visceral adipose tissue of obese mice, consistent with a reduced supply of fatty acids from VLDL hydrolysis. Unexpectedly, silencing LPL also decreased the expression o...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - July 1, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Aouadi M, Vangala P, Yawe JC, Tencerova M, Cohen JL, Nicoloro SM, Shen Y, Czech MP Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Negative Regulation of Disulfide-bond A Oxidoreductase-like Protein (DsbA-L) Gene Expression by the Transcription Factor Sp1.
Abstract Disulfide-bond A Oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L) possesses beneficial effects such as promoting adiponectin multimerization and stability, increasing insulin sensitivity, and enhancing energy metabolism. The expression level of DsbA-L is negatively correlated with obesity in mice and humans, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. To address this question, we generated reporter gene constructs containing the promoter sequence of the mouse DsbA-L gene. Deletion analysis showed that the proximal promoter of mouse DsbA-L is located between -186 to -34 bp relative to the transcription start site. I...
Source: Diabetes - July 14, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Fang Q, Yang W, Li H, Hu W, Chen L, Jiang S, Dong K, Song Q, Wang C, Chen S, Liu F, Jia W Tags: Diabetes Source Type: research

Arginase inhibition restores endothelial function in diet-induced obesity.
In conclusion, arginase inhibition can help restore dysregulated endothelial function by increasing the eNOS-dependent NO production in the endothelium, indicating that arginase could be a therapeutic target for correcting obesity-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction. PMID: 25078625 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - July 29, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Chung JH, Moon J, Lee YS, Chung HK, Lee SM, Shin MJ Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Lipid storage by adipose tissue macrophages regulates systemic glucose tolerance
Proinflammatory pathways in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) can impair glucose tolerance in obesity, but ATMs may also be beneficial as repositories for excess lipid that adipocytes are unable to store. To test this hypothesis, we selectively targeted visceral ATMs in obese mice with siRNA against lipoprotein lipase (LPL), leaving macrophages within other organs unaffected. Selective silencing of ATM LPL decreased foam cell formation in visceral adipose tissue of obese mice, consistent with a reduced supply of fatty acids from VLDL hydrolysis. Unexpectedly, silencing LPL also decreased the expression of genes involved in...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 15, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Aouadi, M., Vangala, P., Yawe, J. C., Tencerova, M., Nicoloro, S. M., Cohen, J. L., Shen, Y., Czech, M. P. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase regulates inflammatory gene expression by changing DNA methylation level in 3T3 adipocytes.
Abstract Adipocytes are one of the primary sources of inflammatory cytokines that drive the low-grade inflammation associated with obesity and obesity-related diseases. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase, a key adipogenic enzyme in rodents and humans, plays significant role in the regulation of adipocyte inflammation via a mechanism that involves the regulation of inflammatory gene expression. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 -related regulation of gene expression might be driven by changes in DNA methylation. We showed that stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 overexpression causes the ...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 14, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Malodobra-Mazur M, Dziewulska A, Kozinski K, Dobrzyn P, Kolczynska K, Janikiewicz J, Dobrzyn A Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research