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Nutrition: Vitamins

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Total 92 results found since Jan 2013.

Low vitamin D Levels and Genetic Polymorphism in the Vitamin D Receptor are Associated with Increased Risk of Statin‐Induced Myopathy
In conclusion, 25OHD levels <50 nmol/L might be a useful marker to predict muscular adverse events during statin treatment. In addition, the finding that the VDR polymorphism TaqI was associated with myopathy may indicate a causal relationship between vitamin D function and myopathy but larger studies are needed before firm conclusions can be drawn. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology - September 3, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Marie‐Louise Ovesjö, Ilona Skilving, Peter Bergman, Anders Rane, Lena Ekström, Linda Björkhem‐Bergman Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Clinical Forms and Animal Models of Hypophosphatasia.
Abstract Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is due to mutations of the tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) gene expressed in the liver, kidney , and bone. TNAP substrates include inorganic pyrophosphate cleaved into inorganic phosphate (Pi) in bone, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP), the circulating form of vitamin B6, and phosphoethanolamine (PEA). As an autosomal recessive or dominant disease, HPP results in a range of clinical forms. Its hallmarks are low alkaline phosphatase (AP) and elevated PLP and PEA levels. Perinatal HPP may cause early death with respiratory insufficiency and hypomineralization resulting in d...
Source: Sub-Cellular Biochemistry - August 1, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Salles JP Tags: Subcell Biochem Source Type: research

More than healthy bones: a review of vitamin D in muscle health
Vitamin D has known importance to bone health including calcium and phosphate homeostasis and appears to have a role in skeletal muscle health as well. Cases of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency have been associated with poor muscle health. While the exact effects and mechanism of action remains controversial, current data lean towards insufficient vitamin D playing a role in musculoskeletal pain, sarcopenia, myopathy, falls and indirectly via cerebellar and cognitive dysfunction. Sophisticated experimental techniques have allowed detection of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) on skeletal muscle and cerebellar tissue, whic...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease - July 13, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Tanner, S. B., Harwell, S. A. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Bone changes in alcoholic liver disease.
Authors: González-Reimers E, Quintero-Platt G, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Martínez-Riera A, Alvisa-Negrín J, Santolaria-Fernández F Abstract Alcoholism has been associated with growth impairment, osteomalacia, delayed fracture healing, and aseptic necrosis (primarily necrosis of the femoral head), but the main alterations observed in the bones of alcoholic patients are osteoporosis and an increased risk of fractures. Decreased bone mass is a hallmark of osteoporosis, and it may be due either to decreased bone synthesis and/or to increased bone breakdown. Ethanol may affect both mechanisms. It is generally accepte...
Source: World Journal of Hepatology - May 30, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: World J Hepatol Source Type: research

Effects of eldecalcitol on bone and skeletal muscles in glucocorticoid-treated rats
We examined whether a new vitamin D3 analogue, eldecalcitol, could inhibit glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia or myopathy in rats, and also determined the effects of prednisolone (PSL) and/or eldecalcitol on muscle-related gene expression. Six-month-old female Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: PSL group (10 mg/kg PSL); E group (0.05 µg/kg eldecalcitol); PSL + E group; and control group. PSL, eldecalcitol, and vehicles were administered daily for 2 or 4 weeks. Right calf muscle strength, muscle fatigue, cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of left tibialis anterior muscle fibers, and bone mineral density (BMD) were...
Source: Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism - May 6, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Complications of Vitamin D deficiency from the foetus to the infant: One cause, one prevention, but who’s responsibility?
Publication date: Available online 24 March 2015 Source:Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism Author(s): Wolfgang Högler Calcium and phosphorus represent building material for bones. The supplier of these bone minerals is the hormone calcitriol, which originates from vitamin D, itself made by sunshine in human skin. Requirement for bone minerals is highest during phases of rapid growth, and no one grows faster than the foetus and the infant, making them particularly vulnerable. Deprivation of calcium, whether through low calcium intake or low vitamin D, leads to serious health cons...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - March 26, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Vitamin d receptor gene polymorphisms and haplotypes in hungarian patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy.
Abstract Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are autoimmune diseases characterized by symmetrical proximal muscle weakness. Our aim was to identify a correlation between VDR polymorphisms or haplotypes and myositis. We studied VDR-BsmI, VDR-ApaI, VDR-TaqI, and VDR-FokI polymorphisms and haplotypes in 89 Hungarian poly-/dermatomyositis patients (69 females) and 93 controls (52 females). We did not obtain any significant differences for VDR-FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI genotypes and allele frequencies between patients with myositis and healthy individuals. There was no association of VDR polymorphisms with clinical man...
Source: Biomed Res - February 7, 2015 Category: Research Authors: Bodoki L, Chen JQ, Zeher M, Nagy-Vincze M, Griger Z, Zilahi E, Dankó K Tags: Biomed Res Int Source Type: research

Risk identification and possible countermeasures for muscle adverse effects during statin therapy.
Abstract The use of statins for cardiovascular disease prevention is clearly supported by clinical evidence. However, in January 2014 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration released an advice on statin risk reporting that "statin benefit is indisputable, but they need to be taken with care and knowledge of their side effects". Among them the by far most common complication is myopathy, ranging from common but clinically benign myalgia to rare but life-threatening rhabdomyolysis. This class side effect appears to be dose dependent, with more lipophilic statin (i.e., simvastatin) carrying a higher overall risk. Hence...
Source: European Journal of Internal Medicine - January 29, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Magni P, Macchi C, Morlotti B, Sirtori CR, Ruscica M Tags: Eur J Intern Med Source Type: research

Vitamin D - from essentiality to functionality.
Authors: Bischoff-Ferrari H Abstract Vitamin D is essential in bone and muscle health. Severe deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels < 25 nmol/l) can result in rickets and osteomalacia, fractures, myopathy and falls. All recent recommendations on vitamin D agree that children and adults should reach a target 25-hydroxyvitamin D range of at least 50 nmol/l (threshold for normal vitamin D status) and 50 % of the population may be below that threshold. A vitamin D intake of 600 to 800 IU per day as recommended today will prevent about 97 % of children and adults from vitamin D deficiency. Notably, a higher 25...
Source: International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research - December 2, 2014 Category: Nutrition Tags: Int J Vitam Nutr Res Source Type: research

Gallic Acid Exhibits Risks of Inducing Muscular Hemorrhagic Liposis and Cerebral Hemorrhage—Its Action Mechanism and Preventive Strategy
Gallic acid (3,4,5‐trihydroxybenzoic acid) (GA) occurs in many plants. The adverse effects of GA are seldom cited. GA (6–14 μM) provoked the hemorrhagic liposis of the cervical muscles and intracranial hemorrhage. The cause of these pathological events and the method for prevention are still lacking. Using the chicken embryo model and some selected nutraceutics such as folate, glutathione (GSH), N‐acetylcysteine, and vitamin E (Vit E), we carried out this study. Results revealed that the action mechanism of GA involved (i) inducing hypoxia with upregulated gene hif‐1α and downregulated ratio vegf‐r2/vegf‐a,...
Source: Phytotherapy Research - November 17, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Chiu‐Lan Hsieh, Chien‐Hong Lin, Hui‐Er Wang, Chiung‐Chi Peng, Robert Y. Peng Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Laryngeal spasm mimicking asthma and vitamin d deficiency.
We present a woman with heterozygous carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 (CPT-2) deficiency who in the last 6 months suffered from episodic dyspnea and choking. Symptoms could not be attributed to her muscular energy defect, since heterozygous CPT-2 deficiency is usually asymptomatic or causes only mild muscle fatigability. Myopathy is usually triggered by concurrent factors, either genetic (additional muscle enzymes defects) or acquired (metabolic stress). The patient was referred to our respiratory clinic for suspect bronchial asthma. Spirometry showed mild decrease in inspiratory flows. Methacholine challenge was negative...
Source: Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research - November 16, 2014 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Allergy Asthma Immunol Res Source Type: research

Riboflavin responsive mitochondrial myopathy is a new phenotype of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency. The chaperon-like effect of vitamin B2
Publication date: September 2014 Source:Mitochondrion, Volume 18 Author(s): Rosalba Carrozzo , Alessandra Torraco , Giuseppe Fiermonte , Diego Martinelli , Michela Di Nottia , Teresa Rizza , Angelo Vozza , Daniela Verrigni , Daria Diodato , Giovanni Parisi , Arianna Maiorana , Cristiano Rizzo , Ciro Leonardo Pierri , Stefania Zucano , Fiorella Piemonte , Enrico Bertini , Carlo Dionisi-Vici Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD, E3) is a flavoprotein common to pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate and branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenases. We found two novel DLD mutations (p.I40Lfs*4; p.G461E) in a 19year-old patient with lactic ...
Source: Mitochondrion - November 3, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

G.p.26
Vitamin D deficiency could be due to decreased bioavailability (decreased intake or exposure to sunlight, urinary loss or malabsorption), abnormal metabolism (liver disease, renal disease) or abnormal target tissue response (vitamin D resistant or gastrointestinal disorders). Vitamin D deficiency is one of the causes of osteomalacic myopathy. To highlight the clinical and laboratory characteristics of vitamin D deficiency myopathy in Egypt and to discuss its therapeutic implications. All patients presented with gradual progressive limb-girdle weakness with or without bony pains, pains of limb muscles, low backache or joint pains.
Source: Neuromuscular Disorders - October 1, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: , D. Fayez Source Type: research

Neurological Complications of Bariatric Surgery
Abstract Obesity is reaching pandemic proportions, and the number of bariatric surgeries is increasing. Neurological complications of bariatric procedures are more and more frequently reported and physicians need to recognize and be able to manage them. Neurological complications may result from mechanical or inflammatory mechanisms, but mainly from nutritional deficiencies. Vitamin B12, folate, thiamine, vitamin D, and vitamin E are the most frequent deficiencies. Different patterns of complications can be observed that may differ from time to presentation. At an early stage, immediate peripherical nerve injury,...
Source: Obesity Surgery - September 25, 2014 Category: Surgery Source Type: research