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Nutrition: Sodium

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Benzonatate Overdose Presenting as Cardiac Arrest with Rapidly Narrowing QRS Interval
We report a case of a patient presenting following a benzonatate overdose with a prolonged QRS on her initial electrocardiograph (ECG) rhythm strip with rapid normalization of QRS duration.CASE REPORT: A 14-year-old girl presented in cardiac arrest following a benzonatate overdose. The patient was found in cardiac arrest within minutes of last being known well. Bystanders immediately provided cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and she was in asystole on emergency medical services (EMS) arrival. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was obtained following administration of intraosseous epinephrine and naloxone. EMS obt...
Source: Journal of Medical Toxicology - July 5, 2022 Category: Toxicology Authors: Robert J Stephens Ari B Filip Kevin T Baumgartner Evan S Schwarz David B Liss Source Type: research

The mammalian nodal action potential: New Data bring New Perspectives
Adv Physiol Educ. 2022 Sep 29. doi: 10.1152/advan.00171.2021. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSince its discovery in the mid-20th century, the Hodgkin-Huxley biophysical model of the squid giant axon's (SGA's) neurophysiology has traditionally served as the basis for the teaching of action potential (AP) dynamics in the physiology classroom. This model teaches that leak conductances set membrane resting potential; that fast, inactivating, voltage-gated sodium channels effect the SGA AP upstroke; and that delayed, rectifying, non-inactivating voltage-gated potassium channels carry AP repolarization and the early part of the a...
Source: Advances in Physiology Education - September 29, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Geoffrey R Tanner Anastasios V Tzingounis Source Type: research

Evaluation and education of hydration and sodium status in a cool environment among Chinese athletes
CONCLUSIONS: The study found that there is a significant difference in sodium levels between gender and seasons. The level of serum osmolality is also significantly different between the whole study populations concerning combined seasons. In this way, many other parameters are evaluated by correlation with seasons and gender. Hence, this study has brought forward various important findings and gives an overall evaluation of hydration status.PMID:36263568 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202210_29869
Source: Pharmacological Reviews - October 20, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Y-L Fan Z-Y Li Y C Loh Source Type: research

IJERPH, Vol. 19, Pages 16006: Potential Health Risks of Lead Exposure from Early Life through Later Life: Implications for Public Health Education
khola Lead (Pb) exposure has been a serious environmental and public health problem throughout the world over the years. The major sources of lead in the past were paint and gasoline before they were phased out due to its toxicity. Meanwhile, people continue to be exposed to lead from time to time through many other sources such as water, food, soil and air. Lead exposure from these sources could have detrimental effects on human health, especially in children. UNICEF reported that approximately 800 million children have blood lead levels (BLLs) at or above 5 micrograms per deciliter (µg/dL) globally. Thi...
Source: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - November 30, 2022 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Adejoke Christianah Olufemi Andile Mji Murembiwa Stanley Mukhola Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research

Impact of tolvaptan add-on treatment on patients with heart failure requiring long-term congestion management: A retrospective cohort study using a medical claim database in Japan
CONCLUSIONS: Tolvaptan did not significantly affect time to HF rehospitalization. However, further worsening of the condition leading to death may be delayed, and time to in-hospital death may be prolonged in patients treated with tolvaptan, indicating its usefulness for long-term congestion management.PMID:36587792 | DOI:10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.12.006
Source: Journal of Cardiology - January 1, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Koichiro Kinugawa Miyuki Matsukawa Yumiko Nakamura Miki Aihara Hiromi Sano Source Type: research

Swiss recommendations of the Society for Endocrinology and Diabetes (SGED/SSED) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (2023)
Swiss Med Wkly. 2023 Apr 1;153:40060. doi: 10.57187/smw.2023.40060.ABSTRACTAs a first step, the authors emphasise lifestyle changes (increased physical activity, stopping smoking), blood pressure control, and lowering cholesterol). The initial medical treatment should always be a combination treatment with metformin and a sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor or a glucagon-like 1 peptide (GLP-1) receptor agonist. Metformin is given first and up-titrated, followed by SGLT-2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists. In persons with type 2 diabetes, if the initial double combination is not sufficient, a triple combinat...
Source: Swiss Medical Weekly - April 3, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Giacomo Gastaldi Barbara Lucchini Sebastien Thalmann Stephanie Alder Markus Laimer Michael Br ändle Peter Wiesli Roger Lehmann Working group of the SGED/SSED Source Type: research