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Nutrition: Carbohydrates

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The continuing expansion of CAZymes and their families.
Abstract Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) catalyze the assembly and breakdown of glycans and glycoconjugates. Some have been discovered, studied and exploited for numerous applications long ago. For instance, amylase and invertase were isolated in the second half of the 19th century and lysozyme was the first enzyme whose 3-D structure was determined. In spite of this early start, the number of families of carbohydrate-active enzymes continues to grow steadily in the early 21st century. This review examines the CAZyme families reported during the last two years and posits that the current expansion will conti...
Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Biology - September 19, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Garron ML, Henrissat B Tags: Curr Opin Chem Biol Source Type: research

Primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease: populations, individuals, and health professionals
Publication date: 24–30 August 2019Source: The Lancet, Volume 394, Issue 10199Author(s): Rajeev Gupta, David A WoodSummaryIschaemic heart disease has a multifactorial aetiology and can be prevented from developing in populations primordially, and in individuals at high risk by primary prevention. The primordial approach focuses on social determinants of health in populations: political, economic, and social factors, principally unplanned urbanisation, illiteracy, poverty, and working and living conditions. Implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals can lead to major improvements in cardiovascular health, and ...
Source: The Lancet - August 23, 2019 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Assessment of selected nutrient intake by Polish preschool children compared to dietary recommendations: a meta-analysis.
Conclusions: Nutrient intake is not compliant with recommendations for this age group and could not only inhibit physical development, but also increase the risk of diet-dependent diseases. PMID: 32399113 [PubMed]
Source: Archives of Medical Science - May 15, 2020 Category: General Medicine Tags: Arch Med Sci Source Type: research

O-Glycome beam search arrays for carbohydrate ligand discovery.
We describe here a targeted microarray approach: O-glycome beam search that is both robust and efficient for O-glycan ligand-discovery. Substantial simplification of the complex O-glycome profile and facile chromatographic resolution is achieved by arraying O-glycans as branches, monitoring by mass spectrometry, focusing on promising fractions, and on-array immuno-sequencing. This is orders of magnitude more sensitive than traditional methods. We have applied beam search approach to porcine stomach mucin and identified extremely minor components previously undetected within the O-glycome of this mucin that are ligands for ...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Proteomics : MCP - November 28, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Li Z, Gao C, Zhang Y, Palma AS, Childs RA, Silva LM, Liu Y, Jiang X, Liu Y, Chai W, Feizi T Tags: Mol Cell Proteomics Source Type: research

Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with reduced efficacy of an insulin adjustment education program for people with type 1 diabetes
CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic deprivation was associated with higher baseline mean HbA1c and lower reduction in HbA1c following DAFNE education. Future research could explore causes and how best to support participants from deprived areas.PMID:35716029 | DOI:10.1111/dme.14902
Source: Molecular Medicine - June 18, 2022 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Callum W D Innes David E Henshall Blair Wilson Michael T C Poon Steven D Morley Stuart A Ritchie Source Type: research

Comparison of efficacy of low ‐carbohydrate and low‐fat diet education program in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease; Randomized controlled study.
ConclusionsLow‐carbohydrate diet program is more realistic and effective in reducing total energy intake and hepatic fat contents in Korean NAFLD patients.
Source: Hepatology Research - June 7, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Eun Chul Jang, Dae Won Jun, Seung Min Lee, Yong kyun. Cho, Sang Bong Ahn Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Comparison of efficacy of low ‐carbohydrate and low‐fat diet education programs in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled study
ConclusionsA low‐carbohydrate diet program is more realistic and effective in reducing total energy intake and hepatic fat content in Korean NAFLD patients. This trial is registered with the National Research Institute of Health: KCT0000970 (https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/index.jsp).
Source: Hepatology Research - July 4, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Eun Chul Jang, Dae Won Jun, Seung Min Lee, Yong kyun Cho, Sang Bong Ahn Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Ovarian cancer recurrence and early detection: may HE4 play a key role in this open challenge? A systematic review of literature
Abstract Despite the improvement in overall survival for ovarian cancer (OC) patients, a fraction of patients with advanced-stage disease fails to respond to primary therapy and relapses in 70% of cases. For this reason, new predictive and monitoring tools are needed to identify OC recurrence and new biomarkers were studied, among which human epididymis 4 (HE4), primarily expressed in the reproductive and respiratory tracts, is one of the most promising, reporting a good sensitivity and specificity in detecting OC, overcoming the traditional role of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125). In this review, we aim to discuss the...
Source: Medical Oncology - August 20, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Significant effect of group education in patients with diabetes type 1.
CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly support the need for long-lasting structured education group courses for adult diabetic patients keen to change their habits in order to achieve self-management of the disease. PMID: 30112705 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Hormones - August 18, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Tags: Hormones (Athens) Source Type: research

Glycan Markers of Human Stem Cells Assigned with Beam Search Arrays.
Abstract Glycan antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies have served as stem cell markers. To understand regulation of their biosynthesis and their roles in stem cell behavior precise assignments are required. We have applied state-of-the-art glycan array technologies to compare the glycans bound by five antibodies that recognize carbohydrates on human stem cells. These are: FC10.2, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, anti-i and R-10G. Microarray analyses with a panel of sequence-defined glycans corroborate that FC10.2, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81 recognize the type 1-(Galβ-3GlcNAc)-terminating backbone sequence, Galβ-3GlcNAcβ-3Gal...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Proteomics : MCP - July 14, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Wu N, Silva LM, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Gao C, Zhang F, Fu L, Peng Y, Linhardt R, Kawasaki T, Mulloy B, Chai W, Feizi T Tags: Mol Cell Proteomics Source Type: research

What Is In A Ketogenic Diet?
Discussion Epilepsy is a common problem for the general pediatrician. Its incidence is estimated at 41-87/100,000 children. While many children are controlled with medication, it is also estimated that up to 1/3 will develop drug-resistant epilepsy. Some children may have an identifiable seizure focus that may be amenable to surgery, but many others do not. One option for potential control is a ketogenic diet (KD). Indications for KD usually are for drug-resistant epilepsy including partial and complex seizure patterns as well as some metabolic disorders such as glucose transport 1 deficiency syndrome. It has also found ...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - September 7, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Meta-analysis of the Diagnostic Performance of Circulating MicroRNAs for Pancreatic Cancer.
Conclusion: Circulating miRNAs exhibited satisfactory diagnostic performance for PC and even early-stage PC. The combination of circulating miRNAs and CA19-9 can further improve the diagnostic accuracy, providing a novel strategy for PC diagnosis. PMID: 33437201 [PubMed - in process]
Source: International Journal of Medical Sciences - January 14, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Int J Med Sci Source Type: research

The role of gluten-free diet in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development
CONCLUSIONS: Present systematic review evaluates how GFD plays a key role in NAFLD for consumption of products rich in saturated fats and carbohydrates that promotes accumulation of lipids and lead to hepatic steatosis and inflammation.PMID:34787864 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202111_27104
Source: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences - November 17, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: T Larussa L Abenavoli A C Procopio C Iannelli N Polimeni R Spagnuolo P Doldo F Luzza Source Type: research