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Optogenetic Stimulation Array for Confocal Microscopy Fast Transient Monitoring
Optogenetics is an emerging discipline with multiple applications in neuroscience, allowing to study neuronal pathways or serving for therapeutic applications such as in the treatment of anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), or Parkinson's disease. More recently optogenetics is opening its way also to stem cell-based therapeutic applications for neuronal regeneration after stroke or spinal cord injury. The results of optogenetic stimulation are usually evaluated by immunofluorescence or flow cytometry, and the observation of transient responses after stimulation, as in cardiac electrophysiology studies...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - December 1, 2022 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

U.S. FDA Approves TECVAYLI ™ (teclistamab-cqyv), the First Bispecific T-cell Engager Antibody for the Treatment of Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
HORSHAM, Pa., October 25, 2022 – The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved TECVAYLI™ (teclistamab-cqyv) for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, who previously received four or more prior lines of therapy, including a proteasome inhibitor, immunomodulatory drug and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody.1 TECVAYLI™ is a first-in-class, bispecific T-cell engager antibody that is administered as a subcutaneous treatment.1 This off-the-shelf (or ready to use) therapy uses innovative science to ac...
Source: Johnson and Johnson - October 25, 2022 Category: Pharmaceuticals Tags: Innovation Source Type: news

Exosomal microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents for Acute Ischemic Stroke: New Expectations
The morbidity and mortality rates of ischemic stroke (IS) are very high, and IS constitutes one of the main causes of disability and death worldwide. The pathogenesis of ischemic stroke includes excitotoxicity, calcium overload, oxygen radical injury, inflammatory reactions, necrosis/apoptosis, destruction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and other pathologic processes. Recent studies have shown that exosomes are critical to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of cerebral infarctions resulting from ischemic stroke; and there is growing interest in the role of exosomes and exosomal miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatm...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - January 24, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Mannitol Augments the Effects of Systemical Stem Cell Transplantation without Increasing Cell Migration in a Stroke Animal Model
Conclusion:Combinatorial treatment with mannitol and hADSC transplantation may have better therapeutic potential than hADSC monotherapy for ischemic stroke.
Source: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - September 7, 2020 Category: Biotechnology Source Type: research

Pseudoginsenoside-F11 improves long-term neurological function and promotes neurogenesis after transient cerebral ischemia in mice
Publication date: Available online 20 November 2019Source: Neurochemistry InternationalAuthor(s): Linlin Yuan, Shibo Sun, Xiaohan Pan, Liqin Zheng, Yuting Li, Jingyu Yang, Chunfu WuAbstractStroke is the leading cause of long-term motor disability and cognitive impairment beside the acute brain injury. Recently, neurogenesis has become an attractive strategy for the chronic recovery of stroke. Our previous study showed that pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11), an ocotillol-type saponin, isolated from leaves of Panax pseudoginseng subsp, exerted neuroprotective effects on stroke by alleviating autophagy/lysosomal defects and repres...
Source: Neurochemistry International - November 21, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

NAMPT as a Dedifferentiation-Inducer Gene: NAD+ as Core Axis for Glioma Cancer Stem-Like Cells Maintenance
Conclusion and Perspectives Gliomas are the most prevalent primary brain cancer in adults and include a broad category of tumors including astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and GBM. Regardless of tumor aggressiveness, malignancy, and infiltration, these glia-derived tumors rarely exceed a median survival time of 12–14 months. Driven by the infiltrative nature of these tumors, the clinical approach is difficult and relapses often occur with fatal consequences. These unsuccessful attempts to control glioma's fate have fostered research looking for more effective therapies. (GSCs) are a small subset of CD133&#...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - May 2, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Using Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Stroke Therapy
Conclusion and Future Perspectives Stem cell-based therapy is a promising alternative for stroke treatment. While stem cells from different sources, including induced PSC, ESC, MSC, and NSC, have been investigated, using NSC and enhancing the natural mechanisms is most appropriate for brain repair. In preclinical models of stroke, stem cell transplantation has led to positive outcomes through a variety of cellular and molecular mechanisms, many being mediated by the array of beneficial factors produced by the cells. Recent advances in cellular reprogramming have provided alternative sources of NSC to be investigated, allo...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 28, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Effects of Neurotrophic Factors in Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System: Expression and Properties in Neurodegeneration and Injury
Conclusion and Future Aspects This review summarizes available NTF expression data, compiles existing evidence on the effects of glial NTF signaling in healthy conditions and in disease models (Figure 1), and highlights the importance of this topic for future studies. The relationship between NTFs and glia is crucial for both the developing and adult brain. While some of these factors, such as NT-3 and CNTF, have highly potent effects on gliogenesis, others like BDNF and GDNF, are important for glia-mediated synapse formation. Neurotrophic factors play significant roles during neurodegenerative disorders. In many cases, ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Increase Frailty Syndrome in the Elderly
Conclusions World population is aging and the increase in life expectancy is often unhealthy. In particular, musculoskeletal aging, which leads to sarcopenia and osteoporosis, has several causes such as changes in body composition, inflammation, and hormonal imbalance. Sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and more frequently, sarcopenic obesity are commonly associated with aging and frequently closely linked each other, often leading to the development of a frailty syndrome. Frailty syndrome favors an increased risk of loss function in daily activities, for cardiovascular diseases, cancers, falls, and mortality. As the number of eld...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 23, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Geniposide Alleviates Glucocorticoid-Induced Inhibition of Osteogenic Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cells by ERK Pathway
Conclusion In summary, we demonstrated that geniposide alleviated GC-induced osteogenic suppression in MC3T3-E1 cells. The effects of geniposide were at least partially associated with activating ERK signaling pathway via GLP-1 receptor. Geniposide might be a potential therapeutic agent for protection against GC-induced osteoporosis. Author Contributions BX, DX, CZ, and LW participated in research design. BX, JW, YL, XW, and ZZ conducted the experiments. BX, DX, and LW contributed new reagents or analytic tools and wrote or contributed to the writing of the manuscript. BX, JW, CZ, and DX performed the data analysis. Fu...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 17, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Effect of Inflammation on the Process of Stroke Rehabilitation and Poststroke Depression
Conclusions Stroke comprises ischemic stroke and ICH. The immuno-inflammatory process is involved in neural plasticity following events such as a hemorrhage or ischemic stroke. After ischemia, astrocytes, microglia, and MDMs play important roles during rehabilitation with the modulation of cytokines or chemokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1. Moreover, MiRNAs are also important posttranscriptional regulators in these glial mitochondrial responses to cerebral ischemia. ICH involves processes similar and different to those seen in ischemia, including neuronal injury, astrocytic and microglial/macrophage activation, and n...
Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry - April 10, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

YiQiFuMai Powder Injection Attenuates Coronary Artery Ligation-Induced Heart Failure Through Improving Mitochondrial Function via Regulating ROS Generation and CaMKII Signaling Pathways
This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of “Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, National Institutes of Health.” The protocol was approved by the “China Pharmaceutical University.” Surgical Preparation The mice were anesthetized with chloral hydrate (4% chloral hydrate, ip). The HF model was induced by CAL as previously reported (Gao et al., 2010). Successful ligation of the coronary artery was confirmed by the occurrence of ST-segment elevation in electrocardiogram. Sham operated mice were performed the same process except left CAL. After ligation, the h...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 9, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

A Review of Mathematical Models for Muscular Dystrophy: A Systems Biology Approach
Discussion With new developments in computational power and data availability, a growing amount of research is using a systems biology approach to understand pathogenesis and progression of disease. Effective and integrated in vitro and in silico models could inform biological phenomena, even without the need of a living subject. For instance, over the last few decades, collagen hydrogel with muscle derived cells (CHMDCs) have promised to revolutionize in vitro experiments and tissue engineering. For CHMDCs to reach the envisioned use, verification by use of mathematical simulations are needed. Recently while examining sha...
Source: PLOS Currents Muscular Dystrophy - February 16, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Matthew Houston Source Type: research