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Plant-Derived Alkaloids: The Promising Disease-Modifying Agents for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Conclusion This paper summarizes the current findings regarding the anti-colitis activity of plant-derived alkaloids and shows how these alkaloids exhibit significant and beneficial effects in alleviating colonic inflammation. These natural alkaloids are not only promising agents for IBD treatment but are also components for developing new wonder drugs. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms or toxicological evaluation of most plant-derived alkaloids still require much scientific research, and their actual efficacies for IBD patients have not been verified well in field research. Thus, further clinical trials to elu...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS1.0318 Ameliorates Impaired Intestinal Immunity and Metabolic Disorders in Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice
Conclusion In conclusion, the present study showed that the oral administration of L. plantarum KLDS1.0318 normalized the parameters altered by CTX-induced toxicities, strengthening intestinal health by regulating the Th1/Th2 balance, ameliorating the intestinal morphology and improving profiles of intestinal microbiota and metabolism. Therefore, our findings suggested that the administration of L. plantarum KLDS1.0318 could be of significant advantage in reducing intestinal immunity impairment caused by cyclophosphamide. Ethics Statement This study was carried out according to the Animal Care Review Committee, Northeas...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 11, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

The Antidepressant Mirtazapine Inhibits Hepatic Innate Immune Networks to Attenuate Immune-Mediated Liver Injury in Mice
Conclusion: Our data suggest that mirtazapine can attenuate hepatic innate immune responses that critically regulate the subsequent development of autoimmune liver injury. Therefore, given that it is a safe and widely used medication, mirtazapine may represent a novel therapeutic approach to autoimmune liver disease. Introduction Classically, autoimmune disease was considered a disorder of adaptive immunity (1). However, early innate immune responses are clearly important for driving subsequent adaptive immune responses in autoimmunity. In numerous autoimmune disease models, activation of resident tissue macrophages,...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 11, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Contribution of Non-immune Cells to Activation and Modulation of the Intestinal Inflammation
Conclusions As the intestinal mucosa surface constitutes the major surface of the body which is in direct contact with the outer environment, intestinal immune homeostasis must be accurately regulated. The interplay between commensal microbiota, intestinal stromal cells, and the mucosal immune system components should guarantee the intestinal homeostasis to avoid a sustained inflammation that could induce tissue damage. However, several factors can lead to inflammation through homeostasis breakdown. Figure 1 summarizes the main points that have been reviewed here. We have described what it is known so far about the role o...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 9, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Innate Lymphoid Cells in Helminth Infections —Obligatory or Accessory?
Conclusion ILC2s are clearly an inherent feature of the immune response to helminth infection, and in all probability their evolution has been driven by the threat of parasites. While in experimental model systems they are not always found to be essential, they are often center stage, particularly in the early phases of infection of each helminth system so far analyzed. They also form an important conceptual and mechanistic link with the allergic response that will allow us to understand in more detail the genesis and control of allergic disorders. In this respect, a much fuller analysis of ILC biology and function in the...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 9, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Complement C5b-9 and Cancer: Mechanisms of Cell Damage, Cancer Counteractions, and Approaches for Intervention
In conclusion, osmotic burst of inflated complement-damaged cells may occur, but these bursts are most likely a consequence of metabolic collapse of the cell rather than the cause of cell death. The Complement Cell Death Mediator: A Concerted Action of Toxic Moieties Membrane pores caused by complement were first visualized by electron microscopy on red blood cell membranes as large ring structures (22). Similar lesions were viewed on E. coli cell walls (23). Over the years, ample information on the fine ultrastructure of the MAC that can activate cell death has been gathered (24) and has been recently further examined (...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 9, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Beyond CAR T Cells: Other Cell-Based Immunotherapeutic Strategies Against Cancer
Conclusions: CAR T cell therapies have demonstrated the clinical benefits of harnessing our body's own defenses to combat tumor cells. Similar research is being conducted on lesser known modifications and gene-modified immune cells, which we highlight in this review. Introduction Chimeric antigen receptors and engineered T cell receptors (based on previously identified high affinity T cell receptors) function by redirecting T cells to a predefined tumor-specific (or tumor-associated) target. Most of these modifications use retroviral or lentiviral vectors to integrate the construct, and most of the receptors ...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - April 9, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Acquired cow ’s milk sensitization after liver transplant in an adult: “clinical implications” and future strategies
Identifying the mechanisms responsible for the development of food allergy in liver transplant recipients is more complex as there are several different clinical scenarios related to the immunological function...
Source: Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology - February 21, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: C. Caruso, E. Pinter, E. Poli, F. Ferri, M. Merli, S. Colantuono, G. Mennini, F. Melandro, G. Rumi, R. Galandrini and S. Ginanni Corradini Tags: Letter to the editor Source Type: research

NIH trial to track outcomes of liver transplantation from HIV+ donors to HIV+ recipients
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) The first large-scale clinical trial studying liver transplantation between people with HIV has begun at clinical centers across the US. The HOPE in Action Multicenter Liver Study will determine the safety of this practice by evaluating liver recipients for potential transplant-related and HIV-related complications following surgery. The study is sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and follows the 2018 launch of a similar study evaluating kidney transplantation between people with HIV.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - February 14, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Combined liver and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome
X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome (XHIGM [or HIGM1]) is a combined immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the gene encoding CD40 ligand (CD40LG), leading to an impairment of both cellular and humoral immunity.1 Lack of CD40 ligand (CD40L) and hence of interaction between CD40L and CD40 results in defective T-cell function and costimulation, with ensuing impaired class-switch recombination and somatic hypermutation in B cells, hindering an effective secondary antibody response. Moreover, activation of natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes is impaired, which results in an impaired inflammatory response.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - January 22, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Giorgia Bucciol, Sarah K. Nicholas, Pier Luigi Calvo, Andrew Cant, J. David M. Edgar, Teresa Espa ñol, Francesca Ferrua, Miguel Galicchio, Andrew R. Gennery, Nedim Hadzic, I. Celine Hanson, Gustavo Kusminsky, Andrzej Lange, Fanny Lanternier, Nizar Mahlao Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Combined liver and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in X-linked hyper IgM syndrome
Liver disease in X-linked hyper IgM syndrome (XHIGM) is an important predictor of mortality. In case liver transplantation (LT) is required, a survival benefit is observed when LT is combined with HSCT.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - January 22, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Giorgia Bucciol, Sarah K. Nicholas, Pier Luigi Calvo, Andrew Cant, J.David M. Edgar, Teresa Espa ñol, Francesca Ferrua, Miguel Galicchio, Andrew R. Gennery, Nedim Hadzic, I.Celine Hanson, Gustavo Kusminsky, Andrzej Lange, Fanny Lanternier, Nizar Mahlaoui Source Type: research

NIH scientists illuminate causes of hepatitis b virus-associated acute liver failure
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) National Institutes of Health scientists and their collaborators found that hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated acute liver failure (ALF) -- a rare condition that can turn fatal within days without liver transplantation -- results from an uncommon encounter between a highly mutated HBV variant and an unusual immune response in the patient's liver that is mainly sustained by antibody-producing B cells.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - November 13, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news

Liver-Associated Immune Abnormalities
Publication date: Available online 5 November 2018Source: Autoimmunity ReviewsAuthor(s): Eyal Grunebaum, Yaron AvitzurAbstractIn recent years, the cross talk between the liver and the immune system is being uncovered, in part by studying liver involvement in primary immune deficiencies (PID) and in part by investigating the alterations of the immune system following orthotic liver transplantation (OLT). Here we review some of the reciprocal interactions between the liver and the immune system. Patients with PID, particularly those involving inherited defects in T and B cells or innate immunity are prone to infections and i...
Source: Autoimmunity Reviews - November 6, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Liver transplantation and death within 4 months of suspected drug-induced liver injury (dili) from amoxicillin
We present a case of suspected Drug induced liver injury (DILI) secondary to amoxicillin.
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - November 1, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: S. Alagheband, P. Stewart, G. Marshall Tags: M031 Source Type: research

Chronic Allograft Injury Common Among Pediatric Liver-transplant Recipients Chronic Allograft Injury Common Among Pediatric Liver-transplant Recipients
A substantial proportion of pediatric liver-transplant patients with normal liver tests have varying degrees of subclinical chronic allograft injury, according to new findings.Reuters Health Information
Source: Medscape Allergy Headlines - October 2, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Gastroenterology News Source Type: news