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Total 281 results found since Jan 2013.

Purple sweet potato color protects against hepatocyte apoptosis through Sirt1 activation in high-fat-diet-treated mice.
Conclusion: PSPC protected against HFD-induced hepatic apoptosis by promoting Sirt1- dependent inhibition of p53-apoptotic pathway and facilitation of Akt survival pathway. This study indicates that PSPC is a candidate for nutritional intervention of NAFLD. PMID: 32110174 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Food and Nutrition Research - February 29, 2020 Category: Nutrition Authors: Su W, Zhang C, Chen F, Sui J, Lu J, Wang Q, Shan Q, Zheng G, Lu J, Sun C, Fan S, Wu D, Zhang Z, Zheng Y Tags: Food Nutr Res Source Type: research

Modulation of SIRT1-mediated signaling cascades in the liver contributes to the amelioration of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in high fat fed middle-aged LDL receptor knockout mice by dihydromyricetin.
Abstract Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is the most abundant flavonoid in Ampelopsis grossedentata possessing many pharmacological activities. But less is known about its protective effect against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in the context of metabolic syndrome. The present study is aimed to evaluate the pharmacological effects of DMY on NASH induced by feeding a high fat diet to 12-mo-old male LDLr-/- mice for 12 weeks and its molecular mode of action. At the end of the experiment, the blood samples and liver tissues of mice were collected for analysis. The results showed that DMY treatment improved the steatosis...
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - March 22, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Zeng Y, Hua YQ, Wang W, Zhang H, Xu XL Tags: Biochem Pharmacol Source Type: research

Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) SNHG5 Participates in Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy for Type II Diabetes Mellitus by Regulating TGR5.
CONCLUSIONS By downregulating expression of the SNHG5 gene and then altering expression of the TGR5 gene, the damage to colorectal cells induced by high glucose was alleviated. This may be one of the mechanisms underlying the effect of sleeve gastric surgery in treatment of diabetes mellitus. PMID: 32242546 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Medical Science Monitor - April 4, 2020 Category: Research Tags: Med Sci Monit Source Type: research

Gut-Derived Serotonin Contributes to the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis via the Liver HTR2A/PPAR γ2 Pathway
The precipitous increase in occurrence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a serious threat to public health worldwide. The pathogenesis of NASH has not yet been thoroughly studied. We aimed to elucidate the interplay between serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and NASH. The serum 5-HT levels in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and a rat fed with high fat-sucrose diet (HFSD) were evaluated using liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF MS)/MS. The peripheral Tph1 inhibitor, LP533401, and a tryptophan (TRP)-free diet were administered to rats with NASH...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - May 13, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Folic acid attenuates high-fat diet-induced steatohepatitis via deacetylase SIRT1-dependent restoration of PPAR α.
CONCLUSION: Folic acid improves hepatic lipid metabolism by upregulating PPARα levels via a SIRT1-dependent mechanism and restores hepatic one-carbon metabolism and diversity of gut microbiota, thereby attenuating HFD-induced NASH in rats. PMID: 32476787 [PubMed - in process]
Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG - May 13, 2020 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Xin FZ, Zhao ZH, Zhang RN, Pan Q, Gong ZZ, Sun C, Fan JG Tags: World J Gastroenterol Source Type: research

Genes, Vol. 11, Pages 720: Cardiac Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Nr4a1 Mediated Glucose Metabolism Dysregulation in Response to High-Fat Diet
ng Xia Chen Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), with limited alterations in cardiac genomic characteristics known. Cardiac transcriptome analysis was conducted to profile gene signatures in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. A total of 184 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between groups. Based on the gene ontology (GO) term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs, the critical role of closely interlocked glucose metabolism was determined in HFD-induced cardiac remodeling DEGs, inclu...
Source: Genes - June 28, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Lihui Men Wenting Hui Xin Guan Tongtong Song Xuan Wang Siwei Zhang Xia Chen Tags: Article Source Type: research

MAPK-interacting kinase 2 (MNK2) regulates adipocyte metabolism independently of its catalytic activity.
Abstract The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-interacting kinases (MNKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that are activated by the ERK1/2 (extracellular-regulated kinase) and p38α/β MAPK pathways. The MNKs have previously been implicated in metabolic disease and shown to mediate diet-induced obesity. In particular, knockout of MNK2 in mice protects from the weight gain induced by a high-fat diet. These and other data suggest that MNK2 regulates expansion of adipose tissue, a stable, long-term energy reserve that plays an important role in regulating whole-body energy homeostasis. Using the well-estab...
Source: The Biochemical Journal - July 9, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Merrett J, Xie J, Psaltis PJ, Proud CG Tags: Biochem J Source Type: research

Geniposide alleviates diabetic nephropathy of mice through AMPK/SIRT1/NF- κB pathway.
The objective of this study was to explore the antidiabetic nephropathy effects of GE both in high fat diet/streptozotocin-induced DN mice and in high glucose-induced podocyte model. Renal function in DN mice was evaluated by levels of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Renal inflammation was appraised by pro-inflammatory cytokines: Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-1β via ELISA assay. Renal histopathology analysis was conducted via hematoxylin and eosin, Masson and periodic acid-silver metheramine staining. Cellular viability was measured by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transf...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - August 2, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Li F, Chen Y, Li Y, Huang M, Zhao W Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: research

Endothelial Deficiency of Insulin-like Growth Factor -1 Receptor Reduces Endothelial Barrier Function and Promotes Atherosclerosis in Apoe-Deficient Mice.
Abstract Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) decreases atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E (Apoe) -deficient mice when administered systemically. However, mechanisms for its atheroprotective effect are not fully understood. We generated endothelium-specific IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) deficient mice on Apoe-deficient background to assess effects of IGF-1 on the endothelium in the context of hyperlipidemia-induced atherosclerosis. Endothelial deficiency of IGF1R promoted atherosclerotic burden, when animals were fed on high-fat diet for 12 weeks or normal chow for 12 months. Under normal chow feeding condition, the vas...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - August 13, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Higashi Y, Sukhanov S, Shai SY, Danchuk S, Snarski P, Li Z, Hou X, Hamblin MH, Woods TC, Wang M, Wang D, Yu H, Korthuis RJ, Yoshida T, Delafontaine P Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research

Adiponectin treatment improves insulin resistance in mice by regulating the expression of the mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c and its response to exercise via APPL1 –SIRT1–PGC-1α
Conclusions/interpretationOur findings showed that the APPL1 –SIRT1–PGC-1α pathway regulates the production and/or secretion of skeletal muscle MOTS-c by mediating adiponectin signalling. Our study provides an insight into the cellular and molecular pathways underlying the pathogenesis of diabetes and shows that MOTS-c is a potential novel therapeutic ta rget in the treatment of diabetes.Graphical abstract
Source: Diabetologia - September 2, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

GPR120 regulates pancreatic polypeptide secretion from male mouse islets via PLC-mediated calcium mobilization.
In this study, GPR120-IRES-EGFP knockin (KI) mouse was generated to identify GPR120-expressing cells with enhance green fluorescence proteins (EGFP). EGFP-positive cells collected from the KI mouse islets by flow cytometry had significantly higher expression of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) evidenced by RT-qPCR. Single cell RT-PCR and immunocytochemical double staining also demonstrated the co-expression of GPR120 with PP in mouse islets. GPR120 specific agonist, TUG-891, significantly increased plasma PP levels in mice. TUG-891 significantly increased PP levels in islet medium in vitro, which was markedly attenuated by GPR1...
Source: Endocrinology - September 1, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Zhao YF, Li XC, Liang XY, Zhao YY, Xie R, Zhang LJ, Zhang XC, Chen C Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Thioredoxin-interacting protein: a critical link between autophagy disorders and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction
This study aimed to elucidate the influence of TXNIP on the autophagy of β-cell. In this study, C57BL/6 mice and TXNIP−/− mice were fed with a standard diet (SD) or a high-fat and high-sugar diet (HFSD), and then we analysed biochemical and autophagy related indexes in the mice. We infected MIN6 cells with LV-TXNIP and siRNA TXNIP, then the cells were treated with free fatty acid (FFA), autophagic activator rapamycin (RAP), inhibitors of autophagy chloroquine (CQ) and bafilomycin A1(BAF), finally, we examined the changes of autophagy in MIN6 cells. The results showed that HFSD led to β-cell dysfunction and autophagy ...
Source: Endocrine - September 5, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Caspase-11/4 and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis contributes to podocyte injury in mouse diabetic nephropathy.
In this study we investigated whether pyroptosis, a newly discovered cell death pathway was involved in DN. Diabetic mice were generated by high-fat diet/STZ injections. We showed that the expression levels of caspase-11 and cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD-N) in podocytes were significantly elevated, accompanied by reduced expression of podocyte makers nephrin and podocin, loss and fusion in podocyte foot processes, increased inflammatory cytokines NF-κB, IL-1β, and IL-18, macrophage infiltration, glomerular matrix expansion and increased urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR). All these changes in diabetic mice were ...
Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica - September 22, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Cheng Q, Pan J, Zhou ZL, Yin F, Xie HY, Chen PP, Li JY, Zheng PQ, Zhou L, Zhang W, Liu J, Lu LM Tags: Acta Pharmacol Sin Source Type: research

Endothelial HMGB1 Is a Critical Regulator of LDL Transcytosis via an SREBP2-SR-BI Axis.
CONCLUSIONS: Endothelial HMGB1 regulates LDL transcytosis by prolonging the half-life of SREBP2, enhancing SR-BI expression. Translocation of HMGB1 to the nucleus in response to LDL requires SR-BI. PMID: 33054399 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology - October 15, 2020 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ghaffari S, Jang E, Nabi FN, Sanwal R, Khosraviani N, Wang C, Steinberg BE, Goldenberg NM, Ikeda J, Lee WL Tags: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Source Type: research

GPR40-Deficiency Is Associated with Hepatic FAT/CD36 Upregulation, Steatosis, Inflammation and Cell Injury in C57BL/6 Mice.
In this study, we fed wild-type or GPR40 knockout C57BL/6 mice high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks and then assessed the effect of GPR40-deficiency on HFD-induced NAFLD. Assays on metabolic parameters showed that HFD increased bodyweight, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, cholesterol and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and GPR40-deficiency did not mitigate the HFD-induced metabolic abnormalities. In contrast, we found that GPR40-deficiency was associated with increased bodyweight, insulin, insulin resistance, cholesterol and ALT in control mice fed low fat diet (LFD). Surprisingly, histology and Oil Red O staining showed ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 26, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Lu Z, Li Y, Syn WK, Li AJ, Ritter S, Wank SA, Lopes-Virella MF, Huang Y Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research