Numbers and odds: TCR repertoire size and its age changes impacting on T cell functions
Semin Immunol. 2023 Jul 27;69:101810. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101810. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTA vast array of αβ T cell receptors (TCRs) is generated during T cell development in the thymus through V(D)J recombination, which involves the rearrangement of multiple V, D, and J genes and the pairing of α and β chains. These diverse TCRs provide protection to the human body against a multitude of foreign pathogens and internal cancer cells. The entirety of TCRs present in an individual's T cells is referred to as the TCR repertoire. Despite an estimated 4 × 1011 T cells in the adult human body, the lower bound esti...
Source: Seminars in Immunology - July 29, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Nan-Ping Weng Source Type: research
Numbers and odds: TCR repertoire size and its age changes impacting on T cell functions
Semin Immunol. 2023 Jul 27;69:101810. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101810. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTA vast array of αβ T cell receptors (TCRs) is generated during T cell development in the thymus through V(D)J recombination, which involves the rearrangement of multiple V, D, and J genes and the pairing of α and β chains. These diverse TCRs provide protection to the human body against a multitude of foreign pathogens and internal cancer cells. The entirety of TCRs present in an individual's T cells is referred to as the TCR repertoire. Despite an estimated 4 × 1011 T cells in the adult human body, the lower bound esti...
Source: Seminars in Immunology - July 29, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Nan-Ping Weng Source Type: research
Numbers and odds: TCR repertoire size and its age changes impacting on T cell functions
Semin Immunol. 2023 Jul 27;69:101810. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101810. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTA vast array of αβ T cell receptors (TCRs) is generated during T cell development in the thymus through V(D)J recombination, which involves the rearrangement of multiple V, D, and J genes and the pairing of α and β chains. These diverse TCRs provide protection to the human body against a multitude of foreign pathogens and internal cancer cells. The entirety of TCRs present in an individual's T cells is referred to as the TCR repertoire. Despite an estimated 4 × 1011 T cells in the adult human body, the lower bound esti...
Source: Seminars in Immunology - July 29, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Nan-Ping Weng Source Type: research
Numbers and odds: TCR repertoire size and its age changes impacting on T cell functions
Semin Immunol. 2023 Jul 27;69:101810. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101810. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTA vast array of αβ T cell receptors (TCRs) is generated during T cell development in the thymus through V(D)J recombination, which involves the rearrangement of multiple V, D, and J genes and the pairing of α and β chains. These diverse TCRs provide protection to the human body against a multitude of foreign pathogens and internal cancer cells. The entirety of TCRs present in an individual's T cells is referred to as the TCR repertoire. Despite an estimated 4 × 1011 T cells in the adult human body, the lower bound esti...
Source: Seminars in Immunology - July 29, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Nan-Ping Weng Source Type: research
Inflammasomes as regulators of non-infectious disease
Semin Immunol. 2023 Jul 26;69:101815. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101815. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTInflammasomes are cytoplasmic organelles that stimulate inflammation upon cellular detection of infectious or non-infectious stress. While much foundational work has focused on the infection-associated aspects of inflammasome activities, recent studies have highlighted the role of inflammasomes in non-infectious cellular and organismal functions. Herein, we discuss the evolution of inflammasome components and highlight characteristics that permit inflammasome regulation of physiologic processes. We focus on emerging data th...
Source: Seminars in Immunology - July 28, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Daniel Okin Jonathan C Kagan Source Type: research
T cell fate decisions during memory cell generation with aging
Semin Immunol. 2023 Jul 24;69:101800. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101800. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe defense against infectious diseases, either through natural immunity or after vaccinations, relies on the generation and maintenance of protective T cell memory. Naïve T cells are at the center of memory T cell generation during primary responses. Upon activation, they undergo a complex, highly regulated differentiation process towards different functional states. Naïve T cells maintained into older age have undergone epigenetic adaptations that influence their fate decisions during differentiation. We review age-sens...
Source: Seminars in Immunology - July 26, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ines Sturmlechner Abhinav Jain Yunmei Mu Cornelia M Weyand J örg J Goronzy Source Type: research
T cell fate decisions during memory cell generation with aging
Semin Immunol. 2023 Jul 24;69:101800. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101800. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe defense against infectious diseases, either through natural immunity or after vaccinations, relies on the generation and maintenance of protective T cell memory. Naïve T cells are at the center of memory T cell generation during primary responses. Upon activation, they undergo a complex, highly regulated differentiation process towards different functional states. Naïve T cells maintained into older age have undergone epigenetic adaptations that influence their fate decisions during differentiation. We review age-sens...
Source: Seminars in Immunology - July 26, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ines Sturmlechner Abhinav Jain Yunmei Mu Cornelia M Weyand J örg J Goronzy Source Type: research
T cell fate decisions during memory cell generation with aging
Semin Immunol. 2023 Jul 24;69:101800. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101800. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe defense against infectious diseases, either through natural immunity or after vaccinations, relies on the generation and maintenance of protective T cell memory. Naïve T cells are at the center of memory T cell generation during primary responses. Upon activation, they undergo a complex, highly regulated differentiation process towards different functional states. Naïve T cells maintained into older age have undergone epigenetic adaptations that influence their fate decisions during differentiation. We review age-sens...
Source: Seminars in Immunology - July 26, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ines Sturmlechner Abhinav Jain Yunmei Mu Cornelia M Weyand J örg J Goronzy Source Type: research
Microbial gasdermins: More than a billion years of pyroptotic-like cell death
Semin Immunol. 2023 Jul 20;69:101813. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101813. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIn the recent past, the concept of immunity has been extended to eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms, like fungi and bacteria. The latest findings have drawn remarkable evolutionary parallels between metazoan and microbial defense-related genes, unveiling a growing number of shared transkingdom components of immune systems. One such component is the gasdermin family of pore-forming proteins - executioners of a highly inflammatory immune cell death program in mammals, termed pyroptosis. Pyroptotic cell death limits the...
Source: Seminars in Immunology - July 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Qi Zheng Asen Daskalov Source Type: research
Microbial gasdermins: More than a billion years of pyroptotic-like cell death
Semin Immunol. 2023 Jul 20;69:101813. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101813. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIn the recent past, the concept of immunity has been extended to eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms, like fungi and bacteria. The latest findings have drawn remarkable evolutionary parallels between metazoan and microbial defense-related genes, unveiling a growing number of shared transkingdom components of immune systems. One such component is the gasdermin family of pore-forming proteins - executioners of a highly inflammatory immune cell death program in mammals, termed pyroptosis. Pyroptotic cell death limits the...
Source: Seminars in Immunology - July 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Qi Zheng Asen Daskalov Source Type: research
Microbial gasdermins: More than a billion years of pyroptotic-like cell death
Semin Immunol. 2023 Jul 20;69:101813. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101813. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIn the recent past, the concept of immunity has been extended to eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms, like fungi and bacteria. The latest findings have drawn remarkable evolutionary parallels between metazoan and microbial defense-related genes, unveiling a growing number of shared transkingdom components of immune systems. One such component is the gasdermin family of pore-forming proteins - executioners of a highly inflammatory immune cell death program in mammals, termed pyroptosis. Pyroptotic cell death limits the...
Source: Seminars in Immunology - July 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Qi Zheng Asen Daskalov Source Type: research
Microbial gasdermins: More than a billion years of pyroptotic-like cell death
Semin Immunol. 2023 Jul 20;69:101813. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101813. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIn the recent past, the concept of immunity has been extended to eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms, like fungi and bacteria. The latest findings have drawn remarkable evolutionary parallels between metazoan and microbial defense-related genes, unveiling a growing number of shared transkingdom components of immune systems. One such component is the gasdermin family of pore-forming proteins - executioners of a highly inflammatory immune cell death program in mammals, termed pyroptosis. Pyroptotic cell death limits the...
Source: Seminars in Immunology - July 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Qi Zheng Asen Daskalov Source Type: research
Pyroptosis in cardiovascular diseases: Pumping gasdermin on the fire
Semin Immunol. 2023 Jul 19;69:101809. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101809. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death associated with activation of inflammasomes and inflammatory caspases, proteolytic cleavage of gasdermin proteins (forming pores in the plasma membrane), and selective release of proinflammatory mediators. Induction of pyroptosis results in amplification of inflammation, contributing to the pathogenesis of chronic cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetic cardiomyopathy, and acute cardiovascular events, such as thrombosis and myocardial infarction. While engag...
Source: Seminars in Immunology - July 21, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Timur O Yarovinsky Meiling Su Chaofei Chen Yaozu Xiang Wai Ho Tang John Hwa Source Type: research
The gut mucus network: A dynamic liaison between microbes and the immune system
Semin Immunol. 2023 Jul 19;69:101807. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101807. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTA complex mucus network made up of large polymers of the mucin-family glycoprotein MUC2 exists between the large intestinal microbial mass and epithelial and immune cells. This has long been understood as an innate immune defense barrier against the microbiota and other luminal threats that reinforces the barrier function of the epithelium and limits microbiota contact with the tissues. However, past and recent studies have provided new evidence of how critical the mucus network is to act as a 'liaison' between host and mic...
Source: Seminars in Immunology - July 21, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Rain Inaba Sara Vujakovic Kirk Bergstrom Source Type: research
Mitochondria during T cell aging
Semin Immunol. 2023 Jul 18;69:101808. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101808. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging that contributes to inflammaging. It is characterized by alterations of the mitochondrial DNA, reduced respiratory capacity, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased reactive oxygen species production. These primary alterations disrupt other interconnected and important mitochondrial-related processes such as metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, mitophagy, calcium homeostasis or apoptosis. In this review, we gather the current knowledge about the...
Source: Seminars in Immunology - July 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jose Ignacio Escrig-Larena Sandra Delgado-Pulido Mar ía Mittelbrunn Source Type: research
