Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Special features on insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and vascular complications in hypopituitary patients
AbstractPituitary hormone deficiency, hypopituitarism, is a dysfunction resulting from numerous etiologies, which can be complete or partial, and is therefore heterogeneous. This heterogeneity makes it difficult to interpret the results of scientific studies with these patients.Adequate treatment of etiologies and up-to-date hormone replacement have improved morbidity and mortality rates in patients with hypopituitarism. As GH replacement is not performed in a reasonable proportion of patients, especially in some countries, it is essential to understand the known consequences of GH replacement in each subgroup of patients ...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - January 25, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Androgen deficiency in hypopituitary women: its consequences and management
AbstractWomen with hypopituitarism have various degrees of androgen deficiency, which is marked among those with combined hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and secondary adrenal insufficiency. The consequences of androgen deficiency and the effects of androgen replacement therapy have not been fully elucidated. While an impact of androgen deficiency on outcomes such as bone mineral density, quality of life, and sexual function is plausible, the available evidence is limited. There is currently no consensus on the definition of androgen deficiency in women and it is still controversial whether androgen substitution should be u...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - January 19, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

The effect of bariatric surgery on the expression of gastrointestinal taste receptors: A systematic review
AbstractGastrointestinal nutrient sensing via taste receptors may contribute to weight loss, metabolic improvements, and a reduced preference for sweet and fatty foods following bariatric surgery. This review aimed to investigate the effect of bariatric surgery on the expression of oral and post-oral gastrointestinal taste receptors and associations between taste receptor alterations and clinical outcomes of bariatric surgery. A systematic review was conducted to capture data from both human and animal studies on changes in the expression of taste receptors in oral or post-oral gastrointestinal tissue following any type of...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - January 11, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Pulling the trigger: Noncoding RNAs in white adipose tissue browning
AbstractWhite adipose tissue (WAT) serves as the primary site for energy storage and endocrine regulation in mammals, while brown adipose tissue (BAT) is specialized for thermogenesis and energy expenditure. The conversion of white adipocytes to brown-like fat cells, known as browning, has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for reversing obesity and its associated co-morbidities. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a class of transcripts that do not encode proteins but exert regulatory functions on gene expression at various levels. Recent studies have shed light on the involvement of ncRNAs in adipose tissue development,...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - December 29, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Diagnosing and treating the elderly individual with hypopituitarism
AbstractHypopituitarism in the elderly is an underestimated condition mainly due to the non-specific presentation that can be attributed to the effects of aging and the presence of comorbidities. Diagnosis and treatment of hypopituitarism often represent a challenging task and this is even more significant in the elderly. Diagnosis can be insidious due to the physiological changes occurring with aging that complicate the interpretation of hormonal investigations, and the need to avoid some provocative tests that carry higher risks of side effects in this population. Treatment of hypopituitarism has generally the goal to re...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - December 27, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Cognition and psychological wellbeing in hypopituitary patients
AbstractHypopituitarism (HP) frequently occurs in patients presenting with sellar masses and despite recent advances in therapeutic options, HP patients consistently suffer from impaired quality of life due to psychological distress and cognitive dysfunction. These neurocognitive complications tend to persist in spite of surgical or biochemical remission of the disease making it especially challenging to segregate the effect of HP per se from other comorbidities such as the effect of tumour, surgery, radiation therapy, or complications caused by excess hormone production. Regardless, there is ample evidence to suggest that...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - December 26, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Correction to: Potential therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis via CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing
(Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders)
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - December 22, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Diagnosing and treating anterior pituitary hormone deficiency in pediatric patients
AbstractHypopituitarism, or the failure to secrete hormones produced by the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) and/or to release hormones from the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis), can be congenital or acquired. When more than one pituitary hormone axis is impaired, the condition is known as combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD). The deficiency may be primarily due to a hypothalamic or to a pituitary disorder, or concomitantly both, and has a negative impact on target organ function. This review focuses on the pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of anterior pituitary hormone deficiency in the pediatric ...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - December 19, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

The genetics of Graves ’ disease
AbstractGraves ’ disease (GD) is the commonest cause of hyperthyroidism and has a strong female preponderance. Everyday clinical practice suggests strong aggregation within families and twin studies demonstrate that genetic factors account for 60-80% of risk of developing GD. In this review, we collate numerous genetic studies and outline the discoveries over the years, starting with historic candidate gene studies and then exploring more recent genome-wide linkage and association studies, which have involved substantial cohorts of East Asian patients as well as those of European descent. Variants in genes includingHLA,C...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - December 18, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Fertility issues in hypopituitarism
AbstractWomen with hypopituitarism have lower fertility rates and worse pregnancy outcomes than women with normal pituitary function. These disparities exist despite the use of assisted reproductive technologies and hormone replacement. In women with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, administration of exogenous gonadotropins can be used to successfully induce ovulation. Growth hormone replacement in the setting of growth hormone deficiency has been suggested to potentiate reproductive function, but its routine use in hypopituitary women remains unclear and warrants further study. In this review, we will discuss the clinical a...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - December 14, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

New insights on diagnosis and treatment of AVP deficiency
AbstractArginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D) is one of the main entities of the polyuria-polydipsia syndrome. Its correct diagnosis and differentiation from the other two causes - AVP resistance and primary polydipsia – is crucial as this determines the further management of these patients.Over the last years, several new diagnostic tests using copeptin, the stable surrogate marker of AVP, have been introduced. Among them, hypertonic saline stimulated copeptin was confirmed to reliably and safely improve the diagnostic accuracy to diagnose AVP-D. Due to its simplicity, arginine stimulated copeptin was put forward as a...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - December 13, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Role of CaMKII in diabetes induced vascular injury and its interaction with anti-diabetes therapy
AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder denoted by chronic hyperglycemia that drives maladaptive structural changes and functional damage to the vasculature. Attenuation of this pathological remodeling of blood vessels remains an unmet target owing to paucity of information on the metabolic signatures of this process. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is expressed in the vasculature and is implicated in the control of blood vessels homeostasis. Recently, CaMKII has attracted a special attention in view of its chronic upregulated activity in diabetic tissues, yet its role in the diabetic vasculature rem...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - December 8, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

New findings on brain actions of growth hormone and potential clinical implications
AbstractGrowth hormone (GH) is secreted by somatotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland. The classical effects of GH comprise the stimulation of cell proliferation, tissue and body growth, lipolysis, and insulin resistance. The GH receptor (GHR) is expressed in numerous brain regions. Notably, a growing body of evidence indicates that GH-induced GHR signaling in specific neuronal populations regulates multiple physiological functions, including energy balance, glucose homeostasis, stress response, behavior, and several neurological/cognitive aspects. The importance of central GHR signaling is particularly evident whe...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - December 7, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Potential therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis via CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing
AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is an incapacitating and one of the most common physically degenerative conditions with an assorted etiology and a highly complicated molecular mechanism that to date lacks an efficient treatment. The capacity to design biological networks and accurately modify existing genomic sites holds an apt potential for applications across medical and biotechnological sciences. One of these highly specific genomes editing technologies is the CRISPR/Cas9 mechanism, referred to as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, which is a defense mechanism constituted by CRISPR associated pro...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - December 6, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

An update on the secretory functions of brown, white, and beige adipose tissue: Towards therapeutic applications
AbstractAdipose tissue, including white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and beige adipose tissue, is vital in modulating whole-body energy metabolism. While WAT primarily stores energy, BAT dissipates energy as heat for thermoregulation. Beige adipose tissue is a hybrid form of adipose tissue that shares characteristics with WAT and BAT. Dysregulation of adipose tissue metabolism is linked to various disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and infertility. Both brown and beige adipocytes secrete multiple molecules, such as batokines, packaged in extracellular vesicl...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - December 5, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research