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A narrative review: CXC chemokines influence immune surveillance in obesity and obesity-related diseases: Type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
AbstractAdipose tissue develops lipids, aberrant adipokines, chemokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines as a consequence of the low-grade systemic inflammation that characterizes obesity. This low-grade systemic inflammation can lead to insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic complications, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although the CXC chemokines consists of numerous regulators of inflammation, cellular function, and cellular migration, it is still unknown that how CXC chemokines and chemokine receptors contribute to the development of metabolic diseases (such as T2D and NAFLD) ...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - March 31, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Deep neural network for food image classification and nutrient identification: A systematic review
This study discusses different investigations with their proposed FIC and nutrient estimation solution. Finally, this intensive research prese nts a case study using FIC and object detection techniques to estimate nutrition with food image analysis. (Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders)
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - March 28, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Phase angle and COVID-19: A systematic review with meta-analysis
This study aimed to achieve a systematic review, where we discussed the potential role of PhA value as a prognostic marker of adverse clinical outcomes such as mortality and complication in hospitalized with SARS-CoV2 infection and established the strength of recommendations for use. A systematic literature review with meta-analysis was done in the main electronic databases from 2020 to January 2023. The selected articles had to investigate adverse consequences of the COVID-19 population and raw bioimpedance parameters such as PhA and published in peer-reviewed journals. GRADE tools regarded the quality of the methodology....
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - March 24, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Phase angle in applications of bioimpedance in health and disease
(Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders)
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - March 22, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Relevance of body composition in phenotyping the obesities
AbstractObesity is the most extended metabolic alteration worldwide increasing the risk for the development of cardiometabolic alterations such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Body mass index (BMI) remains the most frequently used tool for classifying patients with obesity, but it does not accurately reflect body adiposity. In this document we review classical and new classification systems for phenotyping the obesities. Greater accuracy of and accessibility to body composition techniques at the same time as increased knowledge and use of cardiometabolic risk factors is leading to a more refined phenoty...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - March 17, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Precision nutrition in the context of bariatric surgery
AbstractBariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective long-term treatment for severe obesity. This review summarizes the main nutritional deficiencies before and after BS, as well as current dietary and supplementation recommendations to avoid them. Likewise, we have reviewed all those aspects that in recent years have been shown to be related to postoperative weight loss (WL) and its subsequent maintenance, such as hormonal changes, dietary patterns, changes in food preference, adherence to recommendations and follow-up, genetic factors and microbiota, among others. Despite all the knowledge, nutritional deficiencies and w...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - March 17, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Phase angle in localized bioimpedance measurements to assess and monitor muscle injury
AbstractLocalized bioimpedance (L-BIA) measurements are an innovative method to non-invasively identify structural derangement of soft tissues, principally muscles, and fluid accumulation in response to traumatic injury. This review provides unique L-BIA data demonstrating significant relative differences between injured and contralateral non-injured regions of interest (ROI) associated with soft tissue injury. One key finding is the specific and sensitive role of reactance (Xc), measured at 50  kHz with a phase-sensitive BI instrument, to identify objective degrees of muscle injury, localized structural damage and fluid ...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - February 27, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Vitamin D and malabsorptive gastrointestinal conditions: A bidirectional relationship?
AbstractThis paper is one of the outcomes of the 5th International Conference"Controversies in Vitamin D" held in Stresa, Italy from 15 to 18 September 2021 as part of a series of annual meetings which was started in 2017. The scope of these meetings is to discuss controversial issues about vitamin D. Publication of the outcomes of the meeting in international journals allows a wide sharing of the most recent data with the medical and academic community. Vitamin D and malabsorptive gastrointestinal conditions was one of the topics discussed at the meeting and focus of this paper. Participants to the meeting were ...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - February 23, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

An update on the role and potential mechanisms of clock genes regulating spermatogenesis: A systematic review of human and animal experimental studies
AbstractCircadian clocks can be traced in nearly all life kingdoms, with the male reproductive system no exception. However, our understanding of the circadian clock in spermatogenesis seems to fall behind other scenarios. The present review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the role and especially the potential mechanisms of clock genes in spermatogenesis regulation. Accumulating studies have revealed rhythmic oscillation in semen parameters and some physiological events of spermatogenesis. Disturbing the clock gene expression by genetic mutations or environmental changes will also notably damage spermatogenes...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - February 16, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Rare forms of genetic paediatric adrenal insufficiency: Excluding congenital adrenal hyperplasia
AbstractAdrenal insufficiency (AI) is a severe endocrine disorder characterized by insufficient glucocorticoid (GC) and/or mineralocorticoid (MC) secretion by the adrenal glands, due to impaired adrenal function (primary adrenal insufficiency, PAI) or to insufficient adrenal stimulation by pituitary ACTH (secondary adrenal insufficiency, SAI) or tertiary adrenal insufficiency due to hypothalamic dysfunction. In this review, we describe rare genetic causes of PAI with isolated GC or combined GC and MC deficiencies and we also describe rare syndromes of isolated MC deficiency. In children, the most frequent cause of PAI is c...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - February 10, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research