Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Phase angle, muscle tissue, and resistance training
AbstractThe biophysical response of the human body to electric current is widely appreciated as a barometer of fluid distribution and cell function. From distinct raw bioelectrical impedance (BIA) variables assessed in the field of body composition, phase angle (PhA) has been repeatedly indicated as a functional marker of the cell ’s health and mass. Although resistance training (RT) programs have demonstrated to be effective to improve PhA, with varying degrees of change depending on other raw BIA variables, there is still limited research explaining the biological mechanisms behind these changes. Here, we aim to provid...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - February 10, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Rare forms of genetic paediatric adrenal insufficiency: Excluding congenital adrenal hyperplasia
AbstractAdrenal insufficiency (AI) is a severe endocrine disorder characterized by insufficient glucocorticoid (GC) and/or mineralocorticoid (MC) secretion by the adrenal glands, due to impaired adrenal function (primary adrenal insufficiency, PAI) or to insufficient adrenal stimulation by pituitary ACTH (secondary adrenal insufficiency, SAI) or tertiary adrenal insufficiency due to hypothalamic dysfunction. In this review, we describe rare genetic causes of PAI with isolated GC or combined GC and MC deficiencies and we also describe rare syndromes of isolated MC deficiency. In children, the most frequent cause of PAI is c...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - February 10, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Bioimpedance basics and phase angle fundamentals
AbstractMeasurement of phase angle using bioimpedance analysis (BIA) has become popular as an index of so-called “cellular health”. What precisely is meant by this term is not always clear but strong relationships have been found between cellular water status (the relative amounts of extra- and intracellular water), cell membrane integrity and cellular mass. Much of the current research is empirical observ ation and frequently pays little regard to the underlying biophysical models that underpin the BIA technique or attempts to provide mechanistic explanations for the observations. This brief review seeks to provide a ...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - February 7, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

The use of phase angle in patients with digestive and liver diseases
AbstractDiseases of the liver and the digestive system can lead to malnutrition through an action of reduced food intake or nutrient use, inflammation and impaired metabolism, which result in substantial changes in body composition. Frequently, malnutrition manifests itself with weight loss and reduced muscle mass. However, weight loss and body mass index lack sensitivity to detect the loss of muscle mass and are not informative in distinguishing body water compartments and in characterizing their distribution. This issue is particularly relevant to these two disease models, which are frequently associated with fluid volum...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - February 6, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Endogenous Cushing ’s syndrome during pregnancy
AbstractEndogenous Cushing ’s syndrome (CS) is rare during pregnancy, probably because hypercortisolism induces anovulation and infertility. To date, slightly above 200 cases have been reported in the literature. The most frequent etiology of CS diagnosed during gestation is from primary adrenal causes, namely adrenal adeno mas and an entity called pregnancy-induced CS. The latter can be secondary to the aberrant adrenal expression of luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) in the adrenal lesions. Diagnosis of CS during pregnancy is extremely challenging, as a consequence of the physiologic hy p...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - February 1, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Primary aldosteronism in pregnancy
AbstractPrimary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of secondary hypertension. Although hypertensive disorders seem to affect around 5 –10% of pregnancies worldwide, literature counts less than 80 cases of PA diagnosed during the peri-partum period. In this review we discuss about current knowledge on pathophysiology, natural history, diagnosis and treatment of PA in pregnancy. Because of the physiologic changes in the renin– angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and the contraindication to both confirmatory test and subtype differentiation, diagnosis of PA during pregnancy is challenging and relies mostly o...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - February 1, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Adrenal insufficiency in pregnancy: Physiology, diagnosis, management and areas for future research
AbstractAdrenal insufficiency requires prompt diagnosis in pregnancy, as untreated, it can lead to serious consequences such as adrenal crisis, intrauterine growth restriction and even foetal demise. Similarities between symptoms of adrenal insufficiency and those of normal pregnancy can complicate diagnosis. Previously diagnosed adrenal insufficiency needs monitoring and, often, adjustment of adrenal hormone replacement. Many physiological changes occur to the hypothalamic –pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis during pregnancy, often making diagnosis and management of adrenal insufficiency challenging. Pregnancy is a state of...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - February 1, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Imaging of pregnant and lactating patients with suspected adrenal disorders
This article briefly reviews evidence-based recommended imaging modalities during pregnancy and the lactation period for the assessment of a suspected adrenal mass while recognizing that no examination should be withheld when the exam is necessary to confirm an important clinical suspicion. The imaging characteristics of the more common adrenal pathologies that may affect pregnant women are also discussed. (Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders)
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - February 1, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

The diagnosis and management of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma during pregnancy
AbstractDiagnosis of pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma (PPGL) in pregnancy has been associated historically with high rates of materno-fetal morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence suggests outcomes are improved by recognition of PPGL before or during pregnancy and appropriate medical management with alpha-blockade. Whether antepartum surgery (before the third trimester) is required remains controversial and open to case-based merits. Women with PPGL in pregnancy are more commonly delivered by Caesarean section, although vaginal delivery appears to be safe in selected cases. At least some PPGLs express the luteinizing hor...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - February 1, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Surgical treatment of adrenal tumors during pregnancy
AbstractWhile most adrenal tumors are identified incidentally and are non-functional, hormone-secreting tumors can cause morbidity and mortality. Hemodynamic lability and hypertension in pregnancy are associated with worse maternal and fetal outcomes. Achieving a diagnosis of hormone excess due to adrenal tumors can be clinically more difficult in the gravid patient due to normal physiologic alterations in hormones and symptoms related to pregnancy. This review focuses on some nuances of the diagnostic work-up, perioperative care, and surgical management of adrenally-mediated cortisol excess, primary aldosteronism, and phe...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - February 1, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Mechanistic insights of soluble uric acid-induced insulin resistance: Insulin signaling and beyond
AbstractHyperuricemia is a metabolic disease caused by purine nucleotide metabolism disorder. The prevalence of hyperuricemia is increasing worldwide, with a growing trend in the younger populations. Although numerous studies have indicated that hyperuricemia may be an independent risk factor for insulin resistance, the causal relationship between the two is controversial. There are few reviews, however, focusing on the relationship between uric acid (UA) and insulin resistance from experimental studies. In this review, we summarized the experimental models related to soluble UA-induced insulin resistance in pancreas and p...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - January 30, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research