A novel therapy for intractable chronic cough
Two cases of intractable chronic cough improved significantly with humidified high flow therapy (HHFT). The mechanisms by which HHFT improve intractable cough may include reducing airway dryness, inhibition of neutrophil inflammation and mucus obstruction, and splinting of the airways. HHFT significantly improved cough and health-related quality of life in two patients with interstitial lung disease. Further research is warranted to explore the role of domiciliary HHFT. AbstractTwo cases of intractable chronic cough improved significantly with humidified high flow therapy (HHFT). A 59-year-old woman with Primary Sjogren's ...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - March 16, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Matthew Bricknell, Chris Zi ‐Fan Zhao, Natasha Smallwood, Nicole Goh Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

A case of severe Mycobacterium thermoresistibile pneumonia
We present a case of severe pneumonia associated with achalasia requiring intensive care unit treatment caused byMycobacterium thermoresistibile. We hypothesized the correlation between host and environmental factors leading to infection, citing its unique eponymous characteristics. We also reviewed published literature documenting cases of previous human infection with this organism. AbstractMycobacterium thermoresistibile is a thermotolerant nontuberculous mycobacterium which can rarely result in human infection. Although immunosuppression has been identified as a risk factor for infection, it is possible that mycobacter...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - March 14, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Selvaraj Subramaniam, Mrudula Kanhere, Lisa Shephard, Andrew Burke, Sarah Saxon, James Geake Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Atezolizumab ‐related sclerosing cholangitis with multiple liver abscesses in a patient with lung squamous cell carcinoma: A case report
This report highlights the long-term clinical data from a case of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) related sclerosing cholangitis (SC) with multiple liver abscesses. ICI-associated SC is rare, and pathological condition and/or long-term follow-up data are limited. Hence it is very important to share our experience with many medical professions in order to understand and investigate irAEs and find better ways for clinical management of patients. AbstractA 76-year-old man underwent an operation for lung squamous cell carcinoma in the right lower lobe, followed by initial adjuvant therapy with atezolizumab, an antibody again...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - March 13, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Daisuke Jingu, Akira Horii, Takehiro Yajima, Ryuta Ohira, Satoshi Ubukata, Kosuke Satou, Hiroshi Takahashi, Hiroshi Watanabe, Hiroyuki Funayama Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Airway obstruction due to mochi (sticky rice cake) retrieved with a cryoprobe
We report a case of bronchial obstruction due to mochi (sticky rice cake) which was retrieved using a cryoprobe. The cryoprobe allowed easy removal of this viscous and sticky mass. Key messageCryoprobes represent an option for bronchial foreign body removal in cases of bronchial obstruction due to viscous substances such as mochi at body temperature. (Source: Respirology Case Reports)
Source: Respirology Case Reports - March 13, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Masanori Kawataki, Masamitsu Hamakawa, Momoko Hayase, Tadashi Ishida Tags: CLINICAL IMAGE Source Type: research

Relapsing eosinophilic pneumonia in a patient with recurrent breast cancer receiving abemaciclib plus endocrine therapy
This report presents the case of a 42-year-old Japanese woman with recurrent hormone receptor –positive breast cancer who developed eosinophilic pneumonia (EP) during treatment with abemaciclib combined with endocrine therapy. Seven years after a radical surgery and definite diagnosis of Stage I breast cancer, her cancer recurred with metastases to multiple organs. Initially treated with a bemaciclib plus letrozole and goserelin for 3 months, she developed EP, which improved after the discontinuation of anti-cancer treatment and the administration of prednisolone. However, EP occurred again upon the reintroduction of end...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - March 7, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hiroaki Ogata, Chinami Koga, Toyoshi Yanagihara, Yuki Moriuchi, Aimi Enokizu ‐Ogawa, Akiko Ishimatsu, Junji Otsuka, Kazuhito Taguchi, Atsushi Moriwaki, Eriko Tokunaga, Makoto Yoshida Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Familial pulmonary cysts: A clue to diagnose Birt –Hogg–Dubé syndrome: A case report and literature review
This report details the case of a 56-year-old female non-smoker diagnosed with multiple pulmonary cysts, presenting with a history of recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. A computed tomography (CT) scan of her daughter revealed similar pulmonary cysts, raising suspicion of BHD. Further abdominal enhanced CT revealed a left renal tumour and cutaneous fibrofolliculomas on her daughter's neck. Consequently, whole-exome sequencing confirmed anFLCN germline mutation in the patient and three relatives, establishing a diagnosis of BHD. This case highlights the importance of familial pulmonary cysts as a clue for diagnosing BHD, pr...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - March 7, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Jinrui Miao, Qian Gao, Zilin Wang, Gang Hou Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Prolonged Bacteroides pyogenes infection in a patient with multiple lung abscesses
We report a case of multiple lung abscesses associated with polymicrobial infection, includingB. pyogenes, which were slow to resolve despite multiple courses of antibiotics  .     We believe that metronidazole in combination with moxifloxacin was a key component in the clinical cure of this patient. AbstractBacteroides pyogenes is naturally found in the oral microbiome of cats and dogs and hence exposure, especially bites from these animals, is a major risk factor for human infections.B pyogenes is known to cause infections that persist despite antibiotic treatment and can have serious clinical outcomes. We present a n...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - March 7, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hyun Kyoung Lee, Genevieve Walls, Graeme Anderson, Cameron Sullivan, Conroy A. Wong Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Massive hemoptysis in pregnancy due to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis with pulmonary tuberculosis co ‐infection
In this case report, we present the challenging management of a second-trimester pregnancy in an immunocompromised individual who experienced life-threatening hemoptysis due to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) accompanied by a co-infection of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). AbstractA 37-year-old woman, 25  weeks pregnant, experienced sudden massive hemoptysis. She had a background history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and past pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Emergency intubation was necessary, and bronchoscopy revealed blood pooling in both main bronchi, with active bleeding from the right up per lobe bronchus....
Source: Respirology Case Reports - March 7, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Nurul Aisyah Abd Rahman, Boon Hau Ng, Nik Nuratiqah Nik Abeed, Muhammad Ishamuddin Ismail, Mohamed Faisal Abdul Hamid, Andrea Ban Yu ‐Lin Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

BRCA2 ‐positive lung adenocarcinoma treated with olaparib: A case report
A 66-year-old woman diagnosed with stage IVA lung adenocarcinoma underwent multiple lines of treatment, including chemotherapy and targeted therapies. After discovering a BRCA2 gene mutation through genomic profiling, she initiated olaparib treatment, resulting in approximately 2  years of stable disease. AbstractA 66-year-old woman was found to have abnormal shadows on a chest radiograph at a previous hospital 4  years ago, which led to a diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma, cT2aN1M1b stage IVA. First-line treatment included carboplatin and paclitaxel plus thoracic radiotherapy and stereotactic radiation therapy for brai...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - March 7, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Takumi Motohashi, Kazutoshi Isobe, Takahiro Yoshizawa, Yusuke Usui, Hiroshige Shimizu, Muneyuki Sekiya, Shion Miyoshi, Yasuhiko Nakamura, Naohisa Urabe, Susumu Sakamoto, Sakae Homma, Sota Sadamoto, Naobumi Tochigi, Kazuma Kishi Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Image of a thawed frozen specimen obtained using a cryoprobe floated with oil droplets in normal saline: An endobronchial lipomatous hamartoma image
In this study, we report an interesting image related to endobronchial lipomatous hamartoma cryotherapy. (Source: Respirology Case Reports)
Source: Respirology Case Reports - March 6, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Yuki Takigawa, Ken Sato, Tomoyoshi Inoue, Masahiro Takada, Keiichi Fujiwara Tags: CLINICAL IMAGE Source Type: research

A solitary rod ‐shaped intertrabecular metastasis in the femur
We report a solitary rod-shaped ITM of lung adenocarcinoma in the femur. Key messageIntertrabecular metastasis (ITM) is a type of bone metastasis characterized by tumour growth without significant trabecular changes. ITM is most commonly found in vertebral bodies, and rarely in long bones. We report a solitary rod-shaped ITM of lung adenocarcinoma in the femur. (Source: Respirology Case Reports)
Source: Respirology Case Reports - March 6, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Mako Yokoyama, Toshihide Inui, Tomohiro Namiki, Hiroaki Ishikawa, Hiroko Watanabe, Yuichi Dai, Tohru Sakamoto Tags: CLINICAL IMAGE Source Type: research

Sputum colour: An indicator of Legionella pneumophila pneumonia
We present a case of severe pneumonia with bright orange sputum.Legionella pneumophila pneumonia was diagnosed. Key messageThe sputum colour in patients with severe pneumonia needs to be considered during diagnosis. (Source: Respirology Case Reports)
Source: Respirology Case Reports - February 29, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Toshiyuki Sumi, Keito Suzuki, Yuta Koshino, Takumi Ikeda, Yuichi Yamada, Hirofumi Chiba Tags: CLINICAL IMAGE Source Type: research

An autopsy case of acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia with periorbital MRSA cellulitis and rheumatoid arthritis
This case report details a 78-year-old male with periorbital MRSA cellulitis whose condition rapidly deteriorated despite treatment. An autopsy confirmed acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP), revealing fibrin ball formation and organizing pneumonia. AbstractThis case report details a 78-year-old male with periorbital Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) cellulitis whose condition rapidly deteriorated despite treatment. An autopsy confirmed acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP), revealing fibrin ball formation and organizing pneumonia. While both idiopathic and secondary AFOP cases often e...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - February 28, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Akihiro Hara, Yutaro Kishimoto, Toshihiro Shirai, Akinori Murakami, Makoto Suzuki, Osamu Matsubara Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Efficacy of tezepelumab against uncontrolled severe non ‐type 2 asthma refractory to bronchial thermoplasty, benralizumab, dupilumab and mepolizumab
Severe asthma is defined as asthma uncontrolled despite treatment with high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting β2-agonists. Herein, we describe a case of non-type 2 asthma that progressively worsened over the years. We review the case history and detail the case management. AbstractSevere asthma affects approximately 5% –10% of patients with asthma. Herein, we describe a case of non-type 2 asthma that progressively worsened over the years. An 80-year-old woman was diagnosed with asthma 11 years back. She experienced repeated exacerbations requiring treatment with systemic corticosteroid despite therapy...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - February 27, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Yoshiro Kai, Kentaro Suzuki, Ryosuke Kataoka, Ichiro Sato, Shinji Tamaki, Shigeo Muro Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Issue Information
(Source: Respirology Case Reports)
Source: Respirology Case Reports - February 27, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research