Drop finger caused by lung cancer metastasis
We present a rare case of posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) palsy secondary to lung cancer metastasis. AbstractSkeletal muscle metastasis of lung cancer is rare. However, clinicians should be aware that tumour-induced nerve compression symptoms may develop. (Source: Respirology Case Reports)
Source: Respirology Case Reports - January 19, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Toshiyuki Sumi, Jun Sakakibara ‐Konishi, Keito Suzuki, Hirofumi Chiba Tags: CLINICAL IMAGE Source Type: research

Successful discontinuation of corticosteroids through remission induction therapy with benralizumab for chronic eosinophilic pneumonia
We present a case of successful discontinuation of corticosteroids through remission induction therapy with benralizumab in a 53-year-old woman diagnosed with CEP. AbstractChronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) is an eosinophilic lung disease. Treatment for CEP includes corticosteroids; however, CEP often recurs. A 53-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of poorly controlled asthma. She was treated with combination of moderate-dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), a long-acting β2-agonist (LABA), and betamethasone/dexchlorpheniramine. She was switched to single-inhaler triple therapy, after which her asthma cont...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - January 18, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Yoshiro Kai, Ryosuke Kataoka, Kentaro Suzuki, Eriko Nakamura, Masato Takano, Shigeo Muro Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Inflammatory endobronchial polyps unleashing recurrent pneumothorax: A case report
This case report explores the rare association between inflammatory endobronchial polyps (IEPs) and recurrent pneumothorax. The report presents the case of a 30-year-old woman who was diagnosed with IEPs obstructing the bronchi, leading to recurrent pneumothorax. The report highlights the diagnostic challenges, management strategies, and the need for further research to understand this uncommon association. AbstractInflammatory endobronchial polyps (IEPs) are rare benign lesions that originate from the bronchial mucosa. While pneumothorax is a well-known complication of various pulmonary conditions, its association with IE...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - January 18, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ummi Nadira Daut, Muhammad Halmii Faisal Thena, Tan Hui ‐Xin, Mona Zaria Nasaruddin, Jamalul Azizi Abdul Rahaman Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

An unexpected case of broncholithiasis secondary to pulmonary nocardiosis
Nocardia is generally regarded as an opportunistic infection, affecting immunocompromised patients but case reports have been described in immunocompetent patients. Endobronchial nocardiosis is a rare manifestation of pulmonary nocardiosis. Persistent productive cough despite appropriate treatment warrants suspicion of pulmonary nocardiosis such as in this case, which resulted in an unexpected finding of a calcified broncholithiasis secondary to Nocardia infection. Key messagePersistent productive cough despite appropriate treatment warrants consideration of flexible bronchoscopy to obtain bronchial specimens for culture. ...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - January 6, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Louis Chhor, Reditta Soraya Tumali, Caroline Östberg, Andrew Macdonald, Christine Wade Tags: CLINICAL IMAGE Source Type: research

Post ‐traumatic pleural effusion: Don't forget the chylothorax!
Most of the time, a post-traumatic pleural effusion is linked by physicians to a hemothorax. A post-traumatic chylothorax is usually not considered, largely because of the uncommon nature of this condition. In this article, we present a successful conservative treatment of a patient with post-traumatic chylothorax after falling down the stairs. AbstractIn this case we describe a 58-year-old male with bilateral pleural effusion after a blunt trauma to the back. A pleural puncture revealed a chylothorax. An additional computed tomography scan showed a vertebral fracture at level D8 with rupture of the nearby thoracic duct. O...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - January 5, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Valentin Bovy, Tom De Keukeleire, Elke Van Schoote, Inge Vanslembrouck, Anne ‐Marie Bogaert Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Extrapleural air secondary to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ‐related pneumomediastinum
Extrapleural air is a rare condition that may concurrently develop with pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax, especially in older patients with fragile connective tissues. Coronal reconstruction computed tomography images help in determining how air from pneumomediastinum is related to other conditions such as extrapleural air and pneumothorax. Extrapleural air is very rare, but it should be differentiated from pneumothorax and closely monitored to prevent inadvertent harm. Key messageExtrapleural air is a rare condition that may concurrently develop with pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax, especially in older patients with ...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - January 4, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Yuichi Nagata, Takayasu Watanabe, Yuki Tanabe, Motoyasu Kato, Takehito Shukuya, Kuniaki Seyama, Kazuhisa Takahashi Tags: CLINICAL IMAGE Source Type: research

Metastatic sarcoma mimicking pulmonary tuberculous
We present a case of misdiagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). While TB is common in Taiwan, this case highlights the importance of differential diagnoses to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate treatment. Key messageDue to high incidence of tuberculosis in Taiwan, there is a tendency for overdiagnosis of tuberculosis. Differential diagnosis between malignant diseases and pulmonary tuberculosis is extremely important for us. (Source: Respirology Case Reports)
Source: Respirology Case Reports - December 21, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hsueh ‐min Yang, Fan‐Chun Meng Tags: CLINICAL IMAGE Source Type: research

A case of idiopathic multicentric Castleman's disease with secondary autoimmune neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia and anaemia are common complications of Idiopathic multicentric Castleman's disease (iMCD)-induced hematologic disorders, however, neutropenia associated with iMCD is rare. The association between iMCD and autoimmune neutropenia (AIN) involving anti-neutrophil antibodies has not yet been elucidated. Here, we present the first case report of iMCD complicated by secondary AIN with positive anti-neutrophil antibodies. AbstractA 73-year-old Japanese woman with productive cough and dyspnoea on exertion was admitted, and she showed neutropenia and pulmonary reticular opacities and axial and mediastinal lymphaden...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - December 20, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Toshiki Morimoto, Takako Kawaguchi, Kei Yamasaki, Tatsuya Shingu, Hiroaki Ikegami, Hiroki Dosaka, Yuichi Murata, Yoshinori Kawabata, Kazuhiro Yatera Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Mediastinal epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma with the EML4 ‐ALK fusion: A case report and literature review
Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (EIMS) is a highly aggressive, recurrent, and metastatic subtype of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT). Here, we for the first time reported a case of mediastinal EIMS with the EML4-ALK fusion. Unfortunately, the patient died of respiratory failure due to the rapidly progressing EIMS that compressed the trachea and right main bronchus, 1 day before diagnosis. AbstractEpithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (EIMS) is an aggressive subtype of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour which rarely affects the chest cavity. We, for the first time, report a case of medi...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - December 16, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Tingyu Pan, Xinyu Sun, Xiao Wu, Futing Tang, Xianmei Zhou, Qian Wang, Shi Chen Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Scimitar syndrome, bronchiectasis, haemoptysis and a pneumonectomy
We report a case of a 38-year-old male with scimitar syndrome who had low grade haemoptysis persisting over several years secondary to bronchiectatic changes in his hypoplastic right lung. Conservative measures to manage haemoptysis were unsuccessful and the patient proceeded to bronchial artery embolization. The post-procedure course was complicated by lung infarction and the patient ultimately required pneumonectomy. Deformities of the blood vessels and lungs are complex in scimitar syndrome. Bronchial artery embolization should be approached cautiously to protect pulmonary perfusion. (Source: Respirology Case Reports)
Source: Respirology Case Reports - December 10, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Emma Jeffs, Hyukjoon Lee, Lutz Beckert Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Delivery of average assured pressure support (AVAPS) through tracheostomy in paediatric patients
We report safe and successful use of the AVAPS mode in four paediatric patients with tracheostomy ventilation. AbstractAverage volume-assured pressure support (AVAPS) mode has been available since 2009 and allows the ventilator to deliver a constant pre-set tidal volume by automatically adjusting the inspiratory pressures within a set range. Data in AVAPS mode use is limited in both paediatric populations, and in patients who are ventilated through a tracheostomy. This case series reports on the successful use of AVAPS mode in four paediatric patients with tracheostomy ventilation. (Source: Respirology Case Reports)
Source: Respirology Case Reports - December 9, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Vishal Saddi, Antonia O'Connor, Ganesh Thambipillay, Arthur Teng Tags: CASE SERIES Source Type: research

Dual biologics for severe asthma and atopic dermatitis: Synopsis of two cases and literature review
We report the first case of severe asthma receiving dual biologics with tezepelumab and furthermore bronchial thermoplasty, and comprehensive literature review on dual biologics. Dual biologics may be an effective treatment method for severe asthma, requiring further investigation. (Source: Respirology Case Reports)
Source: Respirology Case Reports - December 7, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Takeshi Matsumoto, Yumiko Sakurai, Noriyuki Tashima, Tomoya Matoba, Akiko Kaneko, Takahiro Fujiki, Yusuke Kusakabe, Emi Nakayama, Ayaka Tanaka, Mayuko Tashima, Naoki Yamamoto, Kensaku Aihara Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Emergent airway recanalization of the left main bronchus due to obstructive adenoid cystic carcinoma enables achievement of radical resection
We report the case of a 69-year-old female who presented with severe chest pain, orthopnea, and a 1-month history of progressively worsening difficulty in breathing. Emergent rigid bronchoscopy revealed a polypoid tumour originating in the proximal end of the left main bronchus that was obstructing the left main bronchus. Debulking of the tumour using rigid bronchoscopy was performed to restore ventilation to collapsed lung and obtain histopathological examination. Histological analysis revealed a diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma. The patient underwent radical sleeve resection of the left main bronchus without sacrifi...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - December 7, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Makoto Takahama Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis manifested secondary to bacterial pleural empyema
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a chronic inflammatory airway disease that develops through allergic reactions induced by the ubiquitous fungusAspergillus fumigatus in the airways. We experienced an unusual case of unilateral high-attenuation mucus plugs and atelectasis following same side bacterial pleural empyema, which led to the diagnosis of ABPA. AbstractA 54-year-old woman with no history of lung disease including bronchial asthma developed left bacterial pleural empyema due to the perforation of a lung abscess in the left lower lobe. Chest tube drainage and antibiotics improved the pleural empyema....
Source: Respirology Case Reports - December 1, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hiromu Kawano, Keiko Kan ‐o, Ayaka Egashira, Isamu Okamoto Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Improving visual acuity with nivolumab plus ipilimumab plus two cycles of chemotherapy following a diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma with choroidal metastasis: A case report and literature review
In this report, a lung cancer patient with choroidal metastasis was treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab combined with two cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy, resulting in a reduction of the primary tumour and choroidal metastases, and an improvement of visual acuity and quality of life. AbstractA 75-year-old woman presented at our hospital with bilateral visual impairment. Ophthalmological examination revealed multiple choroidal tumours. Chest computed tomography revealed a tumour shadow in the right lower lobe and multiple lymph node metastases in the mediastinum and pulmonary hilum. Following a detailed examination...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - November 30, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Takahiro Matsuyama, Masashi Oniwa, Kentaro Tsuruzono, Shunsuke Yasuda, Mikiko Yone, Yuya Tomioka, Akifumi Uchida, Hideo Mitsuyama, Shingo Kubota, Takayuki Suetsugu, Keiko Mizuno, Hiromasa Inoue Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research