Acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome during the COVID ‐19 pandemic: Four case reports
The current coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly impacted society and individual lifestyles. Recently, we encountered four patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) who developed acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is suggested that increased rates of obesity due to lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic may be responsible for an increase in the prevalence of OHS-associated AHRF. AbstractObesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) can cause acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF). The onset of AHRF in four patients with OHS during the coronavi...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - April 21, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Sato Nakamura,
Yukio Kawagishi,
Akihiro Kikushima,
Atsushi Muto,
Yoshifumi Suda,
Kazuki Gohara,
Shinichi Takeda Tags: CASE SERIES Source Type: research
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea mimicking asthma
Adenoid cystic carcinoma is primarily a salivary gland tumour that rarely involves the respiratory tract. Here we describe a 58-year-old lady who had an adenoid cystic carcinoma that needed a tracheal stent insertion followed by radiotherapy. AbstractAdenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is primarily a salivary gland tumour that rarely involves the respiratory tract. A 58-year-old lady was admitted with worsening dyspnoea, cough and wheezing for 2 days. CT pulmonary angiogram was done due to persistent dyspnoea which revealed a 12 mm mass protruding into the posterior aspect of the trachea with multiple enlarged nodes. There...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - April 20, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Sugeesha Wickramasinghe,
Mohammed Munavvar,
Mohamad Nidal Bittar,
Deepa Jacob,
Sarah Nicholson,
Robert Stockwell,
Thyusha Devineni Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research
Spontaneous pulmonary herniation in COVID ‐19
We report a case of spontaneous pulmonary hernia (SPH) secondary to extreme coughing and COVID-19 infection. Clinicians should be aware of the risk factors and clinical features of SPH to aid diagnosis of this rare condition. AbstractSpontaneous pulmonary hernia (SPH) is a rare condition. We report a case secondary to extreme coughing and COVID-19 infection. The patient displayed several clinical features typical of this diagnosis; difficult to manage pain on coughing, flank haematoma and bulging of the chest wall on coughing. Clinicians should be aware of the risk factors and clinical features of SPH to aid diagnosis of t...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - April 20, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Andrew Macdonald,
Cameron Butcher,
Thuy Nhu Nguyen Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research
Fatal sequelae of hydrogen sulphide poisoning
We describe a case of a 30-year-old sewer worker with a history of heavy accidental occupational exposure of inhaled H2S admitted with acute respiratory distress syndrome and a rapid respiratory decline ultimately leading to death. AbstractHydrogen sulphide (H2S) is a toxic, colourless gas abundantly present at waste plants and sewers due to the presence of anaerobic forming organisms. Hazardous exposure via accidental, intentional or occupational contact results in endothelium disruption, cellular instability, decreased respiratory functional capacity and cardiovascular compromise with a rapidly fatal clinical course. Cli...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - April 20, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Nadirah Goolam,
Raisa Bhikoo,
Coenraad F. N. Koegelenberg,
Usha Lalla Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research
Targeted alveo ‐pleural fistula endobronchial valve treatment using ventilation scintigraphy
In this report, a combination scintigraphy and one-way endobronchial valve treatment successfully resolved a persistent air-leak. AbstractPersistent air-leaks can be difficult to localize in radiology. Bronchoscopic management of air-leaks requires identification of the leak's location to allow suitable targeted treatment. One-way endobronchial valves have become a suitable option for persistent air-leaks. In this report, a combination scintigraphy and one-way endobronchial valve treatment successfully resolved a persistent air-leak. (Source: Respirology Case Reports)
Source: Respirology Case Reports - April 19, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Calvin Sidhu,
Shoba Ratnagobal,
Rajesh Thomas,
Gary Y. C. Lee,
Enya Drudy,
Roslyn J. Francis Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research
Physiologic 18F ‐FDG muscle uptake in severe COPD: Implications for accurate lung cancer staging
18F-FDG accumulates in pathologic lesions, and minimal18F-FDG may be observed in healthy muscles. However, physiologic18F-FDG uptake is seen in patients with COPD due to excessive metabolic activity as presented in our patient in this case. Clinicians should be aware of this phenomenon and exercise caution when staging lung cancer in these patients to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary interventions. Key messageRecognizing physiologic18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in severe COPD is crucial to avoid mistaking it for lung cancer metastasis. Correlating18F-FDG avid lesions with co-registered computed tomography is essent...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - April 18, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Yuma Yoshida,
Satoshi Ikeo,
Naoaki Yasuda,
Yuki Sakai,
Yasuyuki Hayashi,
Akihiko Sokai,
Toshiyuki Iwata,
Takashi Nishimura Tags: CLINICAL IMAGE Source Type: research
Lambert ‐Eaton myasthenic syndrome with primary thymic marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma: A case report
We report the case of a patient in whom comprehensive care with multiple departments successfully improved LEMS symptoms with primary thymic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. AbstractLambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is an autoimmune paraneoplastic syndrome with proximal muscle weakness, that often complicates small cell lung cancer. It is known that neurological symptoms do not improve with malignancy treatment alone in many LEMS patients, therefore treatment is often difficult. Since Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome is a rare disease with a frequency of about 1/100 that of myasthenia gravis, there are only a few cas...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - April 18, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Toshihiko Soma,
Akira Matsumoto,
Tsuyoshi Shoji,
Hiromichi Katakura Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research
Tezepelumab treatment for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
The patient with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) underwent treatment with tezepelumab; the mucus plugs and pulmonary opacities diminished gradually parallel to the improvement in the control of asthmatic symptoms. Tezepelumab might provide a novel steroid-sparing strategy for the management of ABPA. AbstractAn 82-year-old man had been diagnosed with asthma. He experienced repeated exacerbations requiring treatment with a systemic corticosteroid despite being treated with medications including high-dose fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol, montelukast sodium, and theophylline; treatment with mepolizum...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - April 18, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hiroaki Ogata,
Kachi Sha,
Yasuaki Kotetsu,
Aimi Enokizu ‐Ogawa,
Katsuyuki Katahira,
Akiko Ishimatsu,
Kazuhito Taguchi,
Atsushi Moriwaki,
Makoto Yoshida Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research
Malignant neoplasm of lacrimal gland with pulmonary metastasis
A 65-year-old male diagnosed with a right lacrimal gland ACC T2N0M0 (surgically resected 12 years prior) presented with an incidentally noted 1.2 cm right lower lobe lung nodule seen on MRI liver. Subsequent imaging confirmed a non-FDG avid 1.6 cm solitary ovoid subpleural lesion, percutaneous biopsy confirmed adenocarcinoma. A surgical metastasectomy was performed and recovery was complete. Prognosis in ACC is improved with radical management of the metastatic disease. Rather than a simple chest radiograph, more detailed imaging, such as MRI or CT scanning may increase the probability of early detection of pulmonar...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - April 17, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Victoria Lewis,
Kate Sutton,
Helen Davies Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research
Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction induced by mechanical insufflation ‐exsufflation in Guillain–Barré syndrome
We herein describe two cases of Guillain –Barré syndrome with cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction during MI-E. While Guillain–Barré syndrome itself may cause cardiac autonomic dysfunction, MI-E possibly caused or enhanced the autonomic dysfunction by an alternation of thoracic cavity pressure. The possibility of MI-E-related cardiov ascular complications should be recognized, and its appropriate monitoring and management are necessary, particularly when used for Guillain–Barré syndrome patients. AbstractMechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) is an effective airway clearance device for impaired cough associat...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - April 13, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ryota Kuroiwa,
Yoshihisa Tateishi,
Taku Oshima,
Kazumoto Shibuya,
Takeshi Inagaki,
Astushi Murata,
Satoshi Kuwabara Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research
Transbronchial needle aspiration in severe cardiac failure patient: ‘The old bull knows best’
We present a case where EBUS was not an option due to the patient's condition and where conventional transbronchial needle aspiration (cTBNA) allowed us to diagnose mediastinal lymph-node pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Key messageConventional transbronchial needle aspiration (cTBNA) remains a basic technique that must be part of the bronchoscopists expertise. In cases where EBUS is not available, cTBNA must be kept in mind: ‘the old bull knows best’. (Source: Respirology Case Reports)
Source: Respirology Case Reports - April 13, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Umberto Caterino,
Cristiano Cesaro,
Raffaella Lucci,
Flavio Cesaro,
Umberto Masi,
Alessandra Cotroneo,
Dario Amore Tags: CLINICAL IMAGE Source Type: research
The benefit of indwelling pleural catheter with ambulatory pneumothorax device and autologous blood patch pleurodesis in lymphangioleiomyomatosis with persistent air leak
We report the successful use of IPC with an ambulatory pneumothorax device in a patient with LAM with PAL. AbstractWe report a 35-year-old woman who presented with dyspnoea and chest pain for 1 week. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) thorax revealed bilateral pneumothoraces with diffuse lung cysts. Bilateral intercostal chest tubes were inserted, and there was a persistent air leak (PAL) bilaterally. We performed an autologous blood patch pleurodesis (ABPP) for the left PAL. For the right PAL, she underwent a successful right video-assisted thoracic (VATS) surgery, wedge biopsy, and surgical pleurodesis. Histopath...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - April 13, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Boon Hau Ng,
Hsueh Jing Low,
Nik Nuratiqah Nik Abeed,
Mas Fazlin Mohamad Jailaini,
Mohamed Faisal Abdul Hamid,
Andrea Ban Yu ‐Lin Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research
Rapidly progressive respiratory failure due to antisynthetase syndrome related interstitial lung disease
. AbstractA 65-year-old female was admitted with rapidly progressive respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. She was considered to have an infective exacerbation of underlying interstitial lung disease (ILD). She improved on antibiotics, but the interstitial process progressed rapidly, and she could not be weaned. An antimyositis antibody panel yielded a strongly positive anti-Jo-1 and anti-Ro 52. A diagnosis of antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) associated ILD, a very rare disease with high mortality, was made. She was managed with high-dose corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy an...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - April 13, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Marwan Almubarek,
Darryl P. Boy,
Usha Lalla,
Brian W. Allwood,
Elvis M. Irusen,
Coenraad F. N. Koegelenberg Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research
A rare case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis mimicking flare of systemic lupus erythematosus
We present the case of a 24-year-old female with HLH who was initially treated as a flare of autoimmune disease but later etiology was confirmed as disseminated histoplasmosis on bone marrow histopathological examination. (Source: Respirology Case Reports)
Source: Respirology Case Reports - April 12, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Areeb Tiwana,
Maida Tiwana,
Jiang Wang,
Muhammad Umair Khawar Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research
A case of resected pulmonary capillary hemangioma with a literature review
We report a 63-year-old man who was diagnosed with a pulmonary capillary hemangioma with a literature review. On chest CT, the lesion was shown to be a solid nodule with contrast-enhanced margins. This finding was thought to reflect the dense vascular hyperplasia of the central part of the tumour based on the pathologic findings. AbstractPulmonary hemangiomas are benign, relatively rare tumours. Because computed tomography (CT) findings show a variety of images, it is often difficult to distinguish hemangiomas from lung cancer and other benign tumours. We report a 63-year-old man who was diagnosed with a pulmonary capillar...
Source: Respirology Case Reports - April 12, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Emi Hagui,
Tadashi Sakane,
Keisuke Hioki,
Tomoharu Nakano,
Hiroshi Haneda Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research
