Dl-3-n-butylphthalide prevents chronic restraint stress-induced depression-like behaviors and cognitive impairment via regulating CaMKII/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway in hippocampus
Conclusion
In conclusion, these results reveal that NBP exerts a neuroprotective effect on depression and cognitive deficit through activating CaMKII/CREB/BDNF pathway, enhancing PSD95 and synaptophysin expression and protecting hippocampal morphology. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - September 10, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Pigmented Long-Evans rats demonstrate better visual ability than albino Wistar rats in slow angles-descent forepaw grasping test
Albino people are known to have vision deficit. Albino animals are shown to have abnormal connectivity and malformation of the visual system. However, not many studies have revealed visual impairment of albino animals in the level of perception. To link anatomical abnormality and perceptual visual impairment of albinism, we compared the perceptual vision between the pigmented Long-Evans and the albino Wistar rats. We used the slow angled-descent forepaw grasping (SLAG) test. We hanged the rats in the air by their tails and slowly moved them around a safety bar so that they could see it. When the rats recognized the bar and...
Source: NeuroReport - July 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research
Three-dimensional multiple object tracking improves young adult cognitive abilities associated with driving: evidence for transfer to the useful field of view
Conclusions
This suggests that 3D-MOT and UFOV performance are likely dependent on overlapping cognitive abilities and helps support the assertion that these abilities can be trained and measured even in young adults. Such training could have implications for improving driver safety in both young and older adults. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - July 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Degeneration and Repair Source Type: research
Altered voxel-wise degree centrality associated with patients with comitant exotropia
Objective of the study is to investigate the altered intrinsic functional hubs in patients with comitant exotropia (CE) using the voxel-wise degree centrality (DC) analysis method. A total of 28 CE patients and 28 healthy controls (HCs) similarly matched in sex, age, and education level were recruited in this study. All subjects underwent a resting-state functional MRI scan, the voxel-wise DC method was applied to evaluate brain network hubs alterations in CE patients. Then, the DC maps between two groups were chosen to be classification features to distinguish patients with CE from HCs based on the support vector machine ...
Source: NeuroReport - July 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
The effect of electroacupuncture on the expression of Sirt1 and STAT3 in hippocampus and amygdala of vascular dementia rats
Conclusions
The result suggests that electroacupuncture can suppress inflammation through the Sirt1/STAT3 pathway and improve spatial learning and memory in VaD rats. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - July 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
In-vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into spinal cord neural stem cells
This study sheds new light on effective induction and maintenance of human spinal cord NSCs. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - July 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Investigation of the effects of high cervical spinal cord electrical stimulation on improving neurological dysfunction and its potential mechanism in rats with traumatic brain injury
To explore the effects of high cervical spinal cord electrical stimulation (cSCS) on the recovery of neurological function and its possible mechanism in rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI). 72 rats were randomly divided into: (1) a sham group; (2) a traumatic brain injury (TBI) group; (3) a TBI+cSCS group; (4) a LY294002+TBI+cSCS group. The degree of neurological dysfunction was evaluated by modified Neurological severity score (mNSS). The pathological changes of the brain tissue in the injured area were observed by HE staining, and the apoptosis of neuron cells were observed by TUNEL staining. The expressions of BDNF a...
Source: NeuroReport - July 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Maternal high-dense diet programs interferon type I signaling and microglia complexity in the nucleus accumbens shell of rats showing food addiction-like behavior
Conclusion
Prenatal exposure to energy-dense foods primes the IFN type I signaling and microglia complexity in the NAc shell of rats diagnosed with food addiction-like behavior. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - July 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Static magnetic stimulation of human auditory cortex: a feasibility study
There is a growing interest about the effects of static transcranial magnetic stimulation (tSMS) over different cortical areas, being the motor cortex the most widely studied region. Previous experiments have shown that noninvasive magnetic static stimulation of the human brain may change its excitability in a reversible way for a period that outlasts the time of application of the magnetic field. However, evidence about the effects over the auditory cortex are poor and this is the purpose of the present study. Twelve voluntary subjects were studied in two different sessions, immediately before and 20 min after the place...
Source: NeuroReport - July 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
Multivariate morphometry statistics reveal the morphological change pattern of hippocampus during normal aging
In this study, we included a total of 451 T1 MRI scans of subjects of age 50–90 who were labeled as normal in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Taking 10 years of age as an age band, we divided the subjects into four groups (denoted as HC1, HC2, HC3, and HC4, respectively), with the youngest being 50–60 and the oldest 81–90. Then the Multivariate Morphometry Statistics (MMS) of the hippocampus segmented from the four groups were extracted by surface reconstruction, mesh generation, and surface registration. Finally, the significant differences between the youngest group and the other three were sta...
Source: NeuroReport - July 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation decreased effortful frontal activity for shifting in patients with major depressive disorder
We examined the hemodynamic responses in the frontal regions during the shifting task using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in 21 patients with MDD who were treated using high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Behavioral performance on the shifting task did not change between pre- and posttreatments, whereas patients who responded well to rTMS treatment showed a significant decrease in hemodynamic responses posttreatment. On the other hand, the poor responders did not show significant changes in the hemodynamic responses between pre- and posttreatments. These results suggest that ...
Source: NeuroReport - July 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
Resveratrol reduces p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation by activating Sirtuin 1 to alleviate cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury in mice
This study aimed at investigating whether treatment with resveratrol (RSV) could prevent cognitive dysfunction after TBI in mice. TBI mouse model using weight drop-impact method. Male mice aged from 7 to 9 weeks were randomly divided into four groups: TBI group, TBI + vehicle group, TBI + RSV group, and sham-operated control group. The animals from the TBI + vehicle group and TBI + RSV group were intraperitoneally injected at 3 and 24 h post-TBI with placebo and RSV (3%, 5 ml/kg), respectively. Two days after TBI, the hippocampus of mice was extracted, and western blot analysis was performed for Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), synaptop...
Source: NeuroReport - July 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neuronal subset-specific phosphatase and tensin homolog knockout mice exhibit age and brain region-associated alterations in microglia/macrophage activation
Seizures induce brain region-dependent enhancements in microglia/macrophage activation. Neuronal subset–specific phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) knockout (KO) mice display hyperactive mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex followed by seizures that increase in severity with age. To determine if KO mice also exhibit alterations in the spatiotemporal activation pattern of microglia, we used flow cytometry to compare the percentage of major histocompatibility complex-II activated microglia/macrophages between KO and wildtype (WT) mice at 5, 10, and 15 weeks of age. At...
Source: NeuroReport - July 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Notoginsenoside R1 alleviates spinal cord injury by inhibiting oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis, and inflammation via activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway
The secondary injury plays a vital role in the development of spinal cord injury (SCI), which is characterized by the occurrence of oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis, and inflammatory response. Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) has been involved in the modulation of antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory response. However, its roles in SCI-induced injury are still unknown. We explored the therapeutic effect of NGR1 and its underlying mechanism after SCI by using behavioral, biochemical, and immunohistochemical techniques. The administration of NGR1 after SCI enhanced the neurological function, and mitigated tissue damage an...
Source: NeuroReport - July 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
The dissociating of reward feedback on familiarity and recollection processing: evidence from event-related potential
Conclusions
These findings indicated that participants had different process patterns between reward and nonreward items during recognition retrieval. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - June 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research
