Ischemic-time associated reductions in equol monosulfate plasma levels in a mouse model of ischemic stroke: support the existence of a ‘brain–gut axis’
Conclusion
Ischemic stroke may time-dependently reduce plasma levels of equol monosulfate by lowering the metabolic rate of equol in MCAO-induced mice. This study provides indirect support of the brain–gut axis hypothesis. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - April 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Degeneration and Repair Source Type: research
Effects of negativity bias on amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex activity in short and long emotional stimulation paradigms
In conclusion, the effects of negativity bias depend on neural regions, including the amygdala and ACC, and therefore, we should consider these effects while designing stimulation paradigms. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - April 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
Abnormal intrinsic functional network hubs in diabetic retinopathy patients
Conclusion
Our results highlight that reorganization of the hierarchy of the cortical connectivity network related to visual network. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - April 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
Thalamic shape abnormalities in patients with multiple sclerosis-related fatigue
Thalamus plays an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis-related fatigue (MSrF). However, the thalamus is a heterogeneous structure and the specific thalamic subregions that are involved in this condition are unclear. Here, we used thalamic shape analysis for the detailed localization of thalamic abnormalities in MSrF. Using the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, we measured fatigue in 42 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). The thalamic shape was extracted from T1w images using an automated pipeline. We investigated the association of thalamic surface deviations with the severity of glo...
Source: NeuroReport - April 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
Effects of passive and active training modes of upper-limb rehabilitation robot on cortical activation: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study
Objective
The purpose of this study is to investigate the cortical activation during passive and active training modes under different speeds of upper extremity rehabilitation robots.
Methods
Twelve healthy subjects completed the active and passive training modes at various speeds (0.12, 0.18, and 0.24 m/s) for the right upper limb. The functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure the neural activities of the sensorimotor cortex (SMC), premotor cortex (PMC), supplementary motor area (SMA), and prefrontal cortex (PFC).
Results
Both the active and passive training modes can activate SMC...
Source: NeuroReport - April 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research
Perceived gaze direction affects concreteness effects in words memory: an event-related potentials study
This study uses event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate whether perceived gaze direction could affect concreteness effects in words memory. Concrete and abstract words were presented on direct- or averted-gaze faces, and participants were asked to memorize the words. Behavioral results verified the direct-gaze memory advantage, showing that memory performance was better for words presented with direct gaze than with averted gaze. ERP results showed that concrete words were associated with a larger N400 and a smaller late positive component (LPC) than abstract words. ERP results also revealed a significant interactio...
Source: NeuroReport - April 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research
Analysis of functional MRI signal complexity based on permutation fuzzy entropy in bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder is a manifestation of an emotional disease and is associated with emotional and cognitive dysfunction. The entropy-based method has been widely used to study the complexity of resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) signals in mental diseases; however, alterations in the brain rs-fMRI signal complexities in bipolar disorder patients remain unclear, and previously used entropy methods are sensitive to noise. Here, we performed a work using permutation fuzzy entropy (PFEN), which has better performance than previously used methods, to analyze the brain complexity of bipolar disorder patients. Based on PFEN re...
Source: NeuroReport - April 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Hepatocyte growth factor induces pErk and pSTAT3 (Ser 727) to promote mitochondrial activity and neurite outgrowth in primary dorsal root ganglion cultures
In this study, we investigated the role of HGF in the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves using cultured dorsal root ganglions (DRGs). When cells were treated with HGF protein, the length of the neurite was increased 1.4-fold compared to the untreated control group. HGF greatly increased the level of phosphorylated STAT3 at serine 727 [pSTAT3 (Ser 727)], thereby translocating the protein to the mitochondria. HGF treatment increased the activity of mitochondrial complex I. When DRGs were cultured in the presence of U0126, a pharmacological inhibitor of Erk, the HGF-mediated increase in neurite outgrowth and the level ...
Source: NeuroReport - April 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Transmembrane protein DCBLD2 is correlated with poor prognosis and affects phenotype by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human glioblastoma cells
Conclusion
The current study reveals that high expression of DCBLD2 is closely related to poor prognosis in glioblastoma and can significantly enhance the tumor cell viability and metastasis by activating the EMT process, suggesting that DCBLD2 may be a possible biomarker for glioblastoma treatment. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - April 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Intracerebral hemorrhage influences hippocampal neurogenesis and neurological function recovery via Notch1 signaling
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with high rate of mortality and morbidity, but lacks effective therapies. Accumulating studies indicated that the hippocampal neurogenesis plays an essential role in the recovery of neurological function after ICH. The Notch1 signaling pathway shows important roles in neurogenesis. However, the effects of Notch1 on the recovery of neurological function after ICH remain unclear. Here, we used ICH mice model to investigate whether Notch1 signaling was involved in the hippocampal neurogenesis and the recovery of neurological function post-ICH. Our results showed that the rate of sy...
Source: NeuroReport - April 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
CXCL12 promotes spinal nerve regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to permanent loss of motor and sensory function due to the complex mechanisms of the external microenvironment and internal neurobiochemistry that restrict neuronal plasticity and axonal regeneration. Chemokine CXCL12 was verified in regulating the development of central nervous system (CNS) and repairing of CNS disease. In the present study, CXCL12 was downregulated in the spinal cord after SCI. SCI also induced gliosis and loss of synapse. Intrathecal treatment of CXCL12 promoted the functional recovery of SCI by inducing the formation of neuronal connections and suppressing glia scar. To c...
Source: NeuroReport - April 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Vitamin K2 protects against Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity by activating autophagy and improving mitochondrial function in Drosophila
This study was conducted to explore the protective effect of vitamin K2 against Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity.
Methods
Alzheimer disease transgenic Drosophila model used in this study was amyloid beta with the arctic mutation expressed in neurons. Alzheimer disease flies were treated with vitamin K2 for 28 days after eclosion. Aβ42 level in brain was detected by ELISA. Autophagy-related genes and NDUFS3, the core subunit of mitochondrial complex I, were examined using real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis.
Results
Vitamin K2 improved climbing ability (P = 0.0105), prolonged lifespan (P (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - April 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Comparison of the sensitizing effects of cocaine and ethanol on histone deacetylase isoforms in the rat brain
Behavioral sensitization, an animal model of drug addiction, persists for a prolonged period after repeated exposure to drugs of abuse. The persistence of an addiction behavioral phenotype suggests long-lasting changes in gene regulation at the epigenetic level. We measured the expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) isoforms in the prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum following the development of sensitization to cocaine (15 mg/kg, administered five times) and ethanol (0.5 g/kg, administered 15 times) to investigate the epigenetic changes that mediate sensitization. Animals sensitized to ethanol exhibited augmented lo...
Source: NeuroReport - April 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based plasma metabolome to identify biomarkers and time of injury in traumatic brain injured rats
Conclusion
Using metabolomic analysis, we identified new TBI serum biomarkers for accurate detection and determination of the timing of TBI injury. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - April 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Pain-like behavior in mice can be induced by the environmental context in which the pain stimulus was previously given
It has been known for decades that classical conditioning influences pain perception. However, the precise mechanism of pain modified by conditioning remains unclear, partly because of the lack of dedicated behavioral tests. In the present study, we aimed to develop a new method to detect conditioned pain using mice that were injected with formalin as an unconditioned nociceptive stimulus into the hind paw repetitively under a neutral environment. On the test day, the mice exhibited a pain-like behavior without the application of a pain stimulus in the environment. These results demonstrate that a conditioned nociceptive r...
Source: NeuroReport - March 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research
