Knockdown circular RNA circGFRA1 inhibits glioma cell proliferation and migration by upregulating microRNA-99a
In conclusion, our study demonstrated that knockdown circGFRA1 inhibits glioma cell proliferation and migration by upregulating microRNA-99a. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - May 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Protective effects of melatonin on the white matter damage of neonatal rats by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activity
Conclusions
Melatonin can inhibit the hyperactivity of NLRP3 inflammasomes by enhancing mitochondrial autophagy and inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway activity. Thus, melatonin may be a promising treatment for alleviating the WMD caused by endotoxin and ischemic hypoxia in neonatal rats. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - May 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Xanthohumol protect cognitive performance in diabetic model rats by inhibiting protein kinase B/nuclear factor kappa-B pathway
In this study, we found XN inhibit phosphorylation of protein kinase B and nuclear factor kappa-B which was overactivated in diabetic rats, followed by decreased blood glucose and increased body weight. Additionally, XN treatment significantly increased freezing time in a fear memory test. In further research, we found XN increased synaptic plasticity and dendritic spine density, while decreased reactive oxygen species in hippocampus slices from diabetic rats. All these results indicate that XN might be a promising drug to treat diabetic encephalopathy. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - May 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
Event-related potentials reveal that bilinguals are more efficient in resolving conflict than monolinguals
In the current study, we evaluated behavioral and electrophysiological evidence to determine whether bilinguals differ from monolinguals in the efficiency of response inhibition. Bilinguals and matched monolingual controls performed the flanker task while behavioral and electrophysiological measures were collected. Participants were slower and less accurate in responding to incongruent trials, but the magnitude of the behavioral effect of congruence was not modulated by participant group. The electrophysiological data revealed a biphasic N200/P300 signature. Incongruent trials elicited a larger N200 response, followed by a...
Source: NeuroReport - May 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research
Modulating short-term auditory memory with focal transcranial direct current stimulation applied to the supramarginal gyrus
Previous studies have shown that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can affect performance by decreasing regional excitability in a brain region that contributes to the task of interest. To our knowledge, no research to date has found both enhancing and diminishing effects on performance, depending upon which polarity of the current is applied. The supramarginal gyrus (SMG) is an ideal brain region for testing tDCS effects because it is easy to identify using the 10–20 electroencephalography coordinate system, and results of neuroimaging studies have implicated the left SMG in short-term memory for phonologic...
Source: NeuroReport - May 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research
Expression of ghrelin or growth hormone secretagogue receptor in the brain of postpartum stress mice
Postpartum depression is one of the most common mental diseases that occur in women after childbirth; this disorder is extremely painful for women and represents a major burden on the society. Therefore, we designed this study to explore the possible material basis of the disease, and provide potential novel antidepressants therapy using a mouse model. We established a postpartum immobilization stress model. Maternal body weight changes and food intake were recorded for half a month after delivery, and levels of ghrelin and its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) were measured. The mice in the immobilizat...
Source: NeuroReport - May 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research
Protective effect of acute splenic irradiation in rats with traumatic brain injury
Objective
To explore the protective effect of acute splenic irradiation against traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats.
Methods
A rat model of TBI was established according to Feeney’s method. Splenic irradiation was performed by the reverse intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) source-axis distance (SAD) irradiation technique. Rat brain tissue samples were collected, the water content of the rat brain tissue was determined and the abundance of microglia was detected by immunofluorescence. Spleens were collected to measure the spleen index. Lung, liver, small intestine and kidney tissues were taken for he...
Source: NeuroReport - May 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Degeneration and Repair Source Type: research
Sulfasalazine maintains blood–brain barrier integrity and relieves lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in hCMEC/D3 cells
This study confirmed that 5 mM sulfasalazine improved the maintenance of BBB integrity and relieved lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory apoptosis and showed that sulfasalazine might be an effective treatment for BBB disruption. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - May 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Degeneration and Repair Source Type: research
Protective effect of metformin against ovariectomy induced depressive- and anxiety-like behaviours in rats: role of oxidative stress
Several studies have shown that low estrogen levels can lead to an increase in the incidence of depression and anxiety during menopause. The hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are parts of the brain involved in depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors. Recent studies have revealed that metformin has neuroprotective effects mainly due to its antioxidant properties. The aim of the present study was to examine the therapeutic potential of metformin in depressive- and anxiety-like behavior as well as oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of ovariectomized rats. Young female Wistar Albino rats were distributed ...
Source: NeuroReport - May 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Degeneration and Repair Source Type: research
Rapid elevation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor production in the bilateral trigeminal ganglia by unilateral transection of the mental nerve in mice
Conclusions
Unilateral nerve injury upregulates BDNF production in the bilateral trigeminal ganglia by NO-mediated and/or indirect activation of afferent neurons, resulting in contralateral hyperalgesia. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - May 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Degeneration and Repair Source Type: research
Poria cocos polysaccharide attenuates damage of nervus in Alzheimer’s disease rat model induced by D-galactose and aluminum trichloride
This article aims to investigate the effects of PCP on neuronal damage of hippocampus and cognitive function in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease induced by D-galactose and aluminum trichloride. Oxiracetam (ORC) was used as a positive drug in this experiment. The rats were treated with PCP at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg/day for 30 days and ORC at dose of 346 mg/kg/day after modeling. The results of behavioral test showed that PCP could prevent cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease rats as assessed by Y-maze test and Morris water maze test. Results of hippocampus slices showed that neurons were integrated and re...
Source: NeuroReport - May 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Interleukin-33 modulates lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammatory response in rat primary astrocytes
This study utilized lentiviral short hairpin RNA vectors to target IL-33 (LV-shIL-33) for gene silencing. After lipopolysaccharide stimulation, the expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways, were evaluated to elucidate the mechanisms related to the contributions of IL-33 to the inflammatory response in astrocytes. We found that the expression IL-33 has increased in rat primary cultured astrocytes after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Administration...
Source: NeuroReport - May 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Probiotics alleviate depressive behavior in chronic unpredictable mild stress rat models by remodeling intestinal flora
Conclusion
By remodeling intestinal flora, probiotics can reduce the CUMS-induced depressive behavior of rats, increase the levels of norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine, and inhibit the expression of ACTH and corticosterone. Significantly, the effect of both paroxetine and probiotic on microorganisms is similar. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - May 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Approach of visual stimuli facilitates the prediction of tactile events and suppresses beta band oscillations around the primary somatosensory area
The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the approach of visual stimuli influences prediction of subsequent tactile events. For this purpose, we examined electroencephalograms (EEGs) during the prediction of tactile events when visual stimuli did or did not approach. Tactile stimuli were presented with a high probability (80%) of being applied to the left (or right) index finger and a low probability (20%) of being applied to the opposite index finger. In the approach condition, visual stimuli were presented towards the hand to which the high-probability tactile stimuli were presented; in the neutral con...
Source: NeuroReport - April 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
Levodopa responsiveness in Parkinson’s disease patients and white matter alterations in diffusion tensor imaging: a cross-sectional tract-based spatial statistics study
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between levodopa responsiveness and white matter alterations in Parkinson’s disease patients using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Twenty-six recruited Parkinson’s disease patients were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination, Hoehn and Yahr scale (H&Y) and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Each patient underwent a DTI scan and an acute levodopa challenge test. The improvement rate of UPDRS-III was calculated, Parkinson’s disease patients were grouped into a responsive group (improvement rate ≥30%) and a nonresponsive group (improvement ra...
Source: NeuroReport - April 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
