Ethanol and opioids do not act synergistically to depress excitation in carotid body type I cells
Conclusion
These results indicate for the first time that while opioids may suppress breathing via an action at the level of the carotid bodies, ethanol is unlikely to potentiate inhibition via this pathway. Thus, the synergistic effects of ethanol and opioids on ventilatory parameters are likely mediated by central rather than peripheral actions. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - October 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Effects of iloperidone on hERG 1A/3.1 heterotetrameric channels
Conclusions
Our results indicated that iloperidone concentration-dependently inhibited hERG 1A/3.1 currents by preferentially interacting with the open states of channels, but not by the disruption of membrane trafficking or surface membrane expression of hERG 1A and hERG 1A/3.1 channel proteins. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - October 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Bicaudal-C protein, a potential antidepressant target
Bicaudal-C protein is a highly conserved RNA binding protein, which contains K homology domains and sterile alpha motif domain. Genome-wide association study identified that Bicaudal-C protein was associated with depression. The expression of Bicaudal-C increased in depression patients, also increased expression of Bicaudal-C induces the behavior of depression. The decrease of synaptic plasticity plays a part in depression. Bicaudal-C protein reduces the synaptic plasticity of neurons via TrkB/mTOR/AMPA/pGluA1 pathways, Wnt pathway, or influencing some proteins related to synaptic plasticity. The decreased expression of Bi...
Source: NeuroReport - October 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Annexin A2 degradation contributes to dopaminergic cell apoptosis via regulating p53 in neurodegenerative conditions
Conclusion
These results indicated that Annexin A2 degradation plays a crucial role the degeneration of dapaminergic cells of Parkinson’s disease, and Annexin A2 downregulation-mediated the cell death is closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction via p53-dependent pathway; thus provide a novel therapeutic target for Parkinson’s disease treatment. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - September 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Degeneration and Repair Source Type: research
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves neurological function via the p38-MAPK/CCL2 signaling pathway following traumatic brain injury
Conclusions
This study indicates that the p38-MAPK–CCL2 signaling pathway could mediate neuroinflammation and HBO therapy can modulate neuroinflammation by modulating the p38-MAPK–CCL2 signaling pathways following TBI. This study may provide theoretical evidence for HBO treatment in the treatment of TBI. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - September 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Degeneration and Repair Source Type: research
Proangiogenic functions of osteopontin-derived synthetic peptide RSKSKKFRR in endothelial cells and postischemic brain
Conclusion
In conclusion, OPNpt9 promotes angiogenesis and neurological recovery after ischemic stroke. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - September 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Degeneration and Repair Source Type: research
The variability in neurological deficits in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients may be explained by differences in dystrophin glycoprotein complexes in the brain and muscle
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive genetic neuromuscular disorder. The variability in neurologic deficits in DMD patients may be explained by the fact that (1) dystrophin containing complexes in the brain are more stable than dystrophin containing complexes in the muscle (2) neurons are not affected by the same stresses as muscle and (3) neurons have a greater capacity to buffer increases in intracellular calcium levels. In the muscle, the loss of dystrophin and subsequent loss of dystrophin-associated proteins (DAPs) affects the stability of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and calcium ion chann...
Source: NeuroReport - September 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Neurodegeneration Source Type: research
Patterns of brain c-Fos expression in response to feeding behavior in acute and chronic inflammatory pain condition
Conclusion
The present results show that brain regions that participated in the fasting- and refeeding-induced analgesia were completely different in acute and chronic inflammatory pain conditions. Also, refeeding recruits more brain regions under chronic inflammatory pain conditions compared to the acute inflammatory pain condition. Collectively, our findings provide novel insights into brain regions involved in fasting- and refeeding-induced analgesia, which can be potential neural circuit-based targets for the development of novel therapeutics. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - September 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research
Combination effect of exercise and environmental enrichment on cognitive functions and hippocampal neurogenesis markers of rat
Conclusions
These results may have clinical implications for behavioral interventions in conditions with cognitive deficiencies. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - September 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research
Dynamic changes in c-Fos and NF-κB gene expression and Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mg content due to brain injury in irradiated rats
Conclusion
In RBI model, adding Mg2+ may relieve RBI. The protective mechanisms of Mg2+ in the hippocampi from a variety of brain activity indicators including the c-Fos and NF-κB genes. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - September 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes patients with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a mismatch negativity study
Objectives
To assess the cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using mismatch negativity (MMN) and to explore the relationship between cognitive impairment and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).
Methods
Sixty-six T2DM patients and 40 healthy controls were included. For each participant, mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was applied to assess the general cognitive function and MMN was elicited. T2DM patients were divided into two subgroups: subgroup DPN−, patients without DPN; subgroup DPN+, patients with DPN. The MMSE scores, MMN amplitudes and latencies were compared betw...
Source: NeuroReport - September 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
Cognition and motor learning in a Parkinson’s disease cohort: importance of recall in episodic memory
The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between motor learning and multiple domains of cognitive performance in individuals with Parkinson’s disease. Twenty-nine participants with Parkinson’s disease received comprehensive neuropsychological testing, followed by practice of a bimanual finger sequence task. A retention test of the finger sequence task was completed 24 h later. Hierarchical linear regressions were used to examine the associations between motor learning (acquisition rate and retention) and cognitive performance in five specific cognitive domains, while controlling for age, sex, a...
Source: NeuroReport - September 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
Identification of the expression of farnesoid X receptor in astrocytes
Recently, we have identified a functional expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in neurons in vitro and in vivo. However, whether the FXR is expressed in astrocytes remains unclear. In the present study, we addressed this issue by using an array of experimental methods such as immunofluorescence and western blot. Results showed that the FXR mRNA and protein were expressed in mouse brain primary cultured astrocytes. In mouse primary cultured astrocytes in vitro the FXR was predominantly localized in the nucleus with an obvious punctuate distribution property. Unlike its expressional characteristic in cultured astrocytes,...
Source: NeuroReport - September 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Inhibition of immunoproteasome subunit low molecular mass polypeptide 7 with ONX-0914 improves hypoxic-ischemic brain damage via PI3K/Akt signaling
This study explored these issues in a rat model of HIBD. Pathology was evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining. LMP7 expression was detected using western blot analysis, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and immunohistochemical staining. The presence of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β, was tested using ELISA and RT-qPCR. Behavioral performance was evaluated using a short-term neurological function score and the Morris water maze test. Compared to those in the Sham group, the HIBD group exhibited obvious upregulated LMP7 and pro-inflammatory...
Source: NeuroReport - September 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Effects of 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin on the myelin morphological changes and PSD-95 protein expression in Balb/c mice after sciatic nerve injury
Conclusions
7,8-Dihydroxycoumarin can affect nerve recovery in mice with sciatic nerve injury, which shows a definite dose–effect relationship with its dose. Besides, PSD-95 protein expression can suppress the regeneration of the injured nerve myelin. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - September 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
