The modulation of attentional deployment on regret: an event-related potential study
Adopting a sequential risk-taking task, this study explored the modulation of attentional deployment on regret. Attentional deployment was manipulated during outcome feedback of the task by highlighting different parts to induce participants to focus on collected gains (GF context) or missed chances (MF context). The control context without attentional deployment manipulation was also set. Behaviorally, compared to the control context, participants felt less regret in the GF context but more regret in the MF context. Event-related potential results showed that the GF context elicited stronger reward positivity and late pos...
Source: NeuroReport - April 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
Assessment of spontaneous brain activity patterns in patients with iridocyclitis: a resting-state study
Several studies demonstrated that patients with iridocyclitis were associated with vision loss and cognitive decline, whereas alterations in spontaneous brain activity occur in iridocyclitis patients remains unknown. The study aimed to explore spontaneous brain activity changes in iridocyclitis patients. Twenty-six patients with iridocyclitis and 26 healthy controls were finally included in our study. Resting-state MRI (rs-MRI) scan was conducted on both groups and the whole brain amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) value was collected to assess differences in spontaneous brain activity. A receiver operating ch...
Source: NeuroReport - April 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
Functional plasticity in lateral hypothalamus and its prediction of cognitive impairment in patients with diffuse axonal injury: evidence from a resting-state functional connectivity study
Objective
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a common pathological process after traumatic brain injury, which may cause survivors severe functional disorders, including cognitive impairment and physical disability. Recent literature indicated lateral hypothalamus and medial hypothalamus damage during DAI. Thus, we aim to investigate whether there is imaging evidence of hypothalamic injury in patients with DAI and its clinical association.
Methods
Twenty-four patients with diagnosed DAI and 26 age and sex-matched healthy controls underwent resting-state functional MRI. We assessed the lateral hypothalamus and medial...
Source: NeuroReport - April 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
Comparing activated brain regions between noisy and conventional galvanic vestibular stimulation using functional magnetic resonance imaging
Conclusions
Noisy GVS could increase brain activity in the insular peripheral region compared to conventional GVS. Our results extend the literature about the importance of the stochastic resonance of noise addition for the vestibular system. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - April 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
Decreased levels of γ-aminobutyric acid in temporal lobe of children with 47,XYY syndrome
Conclusion
The inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA appears to be reduced in boys with 47,XYY, especially in the left hemisphere. Further, the typical association between GABA and testosterone levels, observed in older typically developing control boys was not evident in boys with 47,XYY. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - April 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
GABAergic retinal ganglion cells regulate innate defensive responses
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is regarded as the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, including the retina. However, the roles of GABA-immunolabeled retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) have not been explored. Here, we report the expression of GABAergic RGCs that project to many brain areas in mice, including the superior colliculus. Selective ablation of the superior colliculus-projecting GABAergic RGCs, leaving other GABAergic RGCs intact, reduces the looming stimulus-induced defensive response without affecting image-forming functions; it also significantly enhances glucose metabolism in t...
Source: NeuroReport - April 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Identification of Rpd3 as a novel epigenetic regulator of Drosophila FIG 4, a Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-causing gene
Mutations in the factor-induced-gene 4 (FIG 4) gene are associated with multiple disorders, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), epilepsy with polymicrogyria, Yunis–Varón syndrome and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The wide spectrum of disorders associated with FIG 4 may be related to the dysregulated epigenetics. Using Gene Expression Omnibus, we found that HDAC1 binds to the FIG 4 gene locus in the genome of human CD4+ T cells. Rpd3 is a well-known Drosophila homolog of human HDAC1. We previously established Drosophila models targeting Drosophila FIG 4 (dFIG 4) that exhibited defective locomotive ability, abno...
Source: NeuroReport - April 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Atrophy of lacunosum moleculare layer is important for learning and memory in APP/PS1 transgenic mice
Changes in the hippocampus are closely associated with learning and memory in Alzheimer’s disease; however, it is not clear which morphological and cellular and subcellular changes are essential for learning and memory. Here, we accurately quantitatively studied the hippocampal microstructure changes in Alzheimer’s disease model mice and analyzed the relationship between the hippocampal microstructure changes and learning and memory. Ten-month-old male APP/PS1 transgenic mice and age-matched nontransgenic littermate mice were randomly selected. The spatial learning and memory abilities were assessed using the Morris wa...
Source: NeuroReport - April 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neuroinflammation decreased hippocampal microtubule dynamics in the acute behavioral deficits induced by intracerebroventricular injection of lipopolysaccharide in male adult rats
This study confirmed that hippocampal microtubule dynamics was decreased in the rats with acute behavioral deficits following a central immune challenge. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - April 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Differential roles of two isoforms of dopamine D2 receptors in l-dopa-induced abnormal involuntary movements in mice
l-dopa and dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) agonists are commonly used to relieve the motor deficits of Parkinson’s disease. However, long-term treatment with l-dopa or D2R agonists can induce adverse effects such as abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs), which are major limiting factors in achieving long-term control of parkinsonian syndromes. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of dopaminergic agonist-induced adverse effects are not well understood. Here, we examined the role of two D2R isoforms, D2S and D2L, in l-dopa-induced AIMs using dopamine D2L knockout (D2L KO) mice (expressing purely D2S) an...
Source: NeuroReport - April 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Antisense oligonucleotides targeting alternative splicing of Nrcam exon 10 suppress neurite outgrowth of ganglion sensory neurons in vitro
Neuron-glial-related cell adhesion molecule (NrCAM) is a neuronal cell adhesion molecule that has been shown to be involved in several cellular processes in the peripheral nervous system, including neurite outgrowth. We recently reported that alternative splicing of Nrcam mRNA at exon 10 in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) contributes to the peripheral mechanism of neuropathic pain. Specially, Nrcam antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) targeting Nrcam exon 10, attenuated neuropathic pain hypersensitivities in mice. Here, we investigated the effect of Nrcam ASO on neurite outgrowth of DRG neurons in vitro. By immunostaining DRG n...
Source: NeuroReport - April 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research
Age-related changes in expression of lysine48 and lysine63 ubiquitin linkages in dopamine neurons of midbrain in mice
Ubiquitination of target proteins is mediated via different ubiquitin lysine (K) linkages and determines the protein fates. In particular, K48 ubiquitin linkage targets proteins for degradation, whereas K63 ubiquitin linkage plays a nondegradative role. Parkinson’s disease is an age-onset neurodegenerative disorder, which shows selective loss of dopamine neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) and ubiquitinated protein aggregates. However, age-related expression of K48 and K63 ubiquitin linkages in SNC dopamine neurons remains elusive. We thus sought to explore the expression of K48 and K63 ubiquitin linkages in ...
Source: NeuroReport - April 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Degeneration and Repair Source Type: research
Protective effect of Houttuynia cordata extract on propofol-induced injury of rat hippocampal neurons by regulating PI3K/Akt and Toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB signaling pathway
Conclusion
Our findings provide references for anesthetic use in infants and young children. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - April 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Degeneration and Repair Source Type: research
Achyranthes bidentata polypeptide k enhances the survival, growth and axonal regeneration of spinal cord motor neurons in vitro
Achyranthes bidentata polypeptide k (ABPPk), a powerful active component from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb-Achyranthes bidentata Bl., has exhibited promising neuroprotective activity due to its multiple-targeting capability. However, the effect of ABPPk on the survival, growth and axonal regeneration of spinal cord motor neurons remains unclear. Here, a modified method, which is more optimized for embryonic cells in ambient carbon dioxide levels, was used for acquisition of rat embryonic spinal cord motor neurons with high survival and purity. ABPPk concentration-dependently enhanced the neuronal viability and prom...
Source: NeuroReport - April 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Degeneration and Repair Source Type: research
Deferoxamine reduces amyloid-beta peptides genesis and alleviates neural apoptosis after traumatic brain injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is recognized as the most influential risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases later in life, including Alzheimer’s disease. The aberrant genesis of amyloid-β peptides, which is triggered by TBI, is associated with the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Evidence suggests that iron plays a role in both the production of amyloid-β and its neurotoxicity, and iron overload has been noted in the brain after TBI. We therefore investigated the effects of an iron-chelating treatment on amyloid-β genesis in a weight-drop model of TBI in mice. Human brain samples were obtained from patients und...
Source: NeuroReport - April 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Degeneration and Repair Source Type: research
