LncRNA RP11-390F4.3 inhibits invasion and migration of glioblastoma cells by downregulating ROCK1
Conclusion
Therefore, RP11-390F4.3 may upregulate ROCK1 by downregulating miR-148a to promote glioblastoma cell invasion and migration. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - June 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Ninjin’yoeito, a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, suppresses the onset of anhedonia induced by dysfunction in the striatal dopamine receptor type 2-expressing medium spiny neurons
Conclusion
These results demonstrate that the beneficial effect of NYT on motivation is mediated, at least in part, through the potentiation of hedonic capacity by certain neuromodulatory pathways. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - June 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Chronic valproic acid administration enhances oxidative stress, upregulates IL6 and downregulates Nrf2, Glut1 and Glut4 in rat’s liver and brain
Valproic acid (VPA) is a powerful antiepileptic drug that was associated with several neurological and hepatic problems especially with increasing its dose and duration. These problems may be metabolic in origin and related to glucose homeostasis. So, the present study investigated the effect of different doses and durations of VPA on the expression of glucose transporters (Glut1 and Glut4), oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) in the liver and specific brain regions. Seventy-two male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly allocated into three equal groups: (1) saline group, (2) 200 mg VPA group and (3) 400 mg VP...
Source: NeuroReport - June 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
ABCC1 regulates cocaine-associated memory, spine plasticity and GluA1 and GluA2 surface expression
In this study, we investigated the role of ABCC1 in the hippocampus in cocaine-associated memory and spine plasticity. We also investigated the role of ABCC1 in AMPA receptors (AMPARs) surface expression in primary prefrontal cortex (PFC) neurons following dopamine treatment, which was used to mimic exposure to cocaine. We found that cocaine increased ABCC1 expression in the hippocampus, and ABCC1-siRNA blocked cocaine-induced place preference. Furthermore, a morphological study showed that ABCC1-siRNA reduced the total spine density, including thin, stubby and mushroom spines in both cocaine and basal treatments compared ...
Source: NeuroReport - June 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
HnRNP F and hnRNP H1 regulate mRNA stability of amyloid precursor protein
This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of hnRNP-stabilizing compounds to regulate APP. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - May 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Degeneration and Repair Source Type: research
Vagus nerve stimulation suppresses corticotropin-releasing factor-induced adrenocorticotropic hormone release in rats
In this study, we explored the effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on CRF-induced serum ACTH level change in normal rats. After the vagus nerve electrode placement, the ACTH and corticosterone levels were measured multiple times before and after the administration of CRF (2 μg/kg) in switched-ON and -OFF groups, respectively, compared to the control group. Our results showed that 2 h continuous stimulation on the vagus nerve inhibited CRF-induced ACTH release up to 1 h compared with the control group, while the corticosterone level was not influenced. The vagus nerve might be a potential therapeutic target in the tre...
Source: NeuroReport - May 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Degeneration and Repair Source Type: research
Transplantation of adipose-derived stromal cells protects functional and morphological auditory nerve integrity in a model of cochlear implantation
Cochlear implants are considered the gold standard therapy for subjects with severe hearing loss and deafness. Cochlear implants bypass the damaged hair cells and directly stimulate spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) of the auditory nerve. Hence, the presence of functional SGNs is crucial for speech perception in electric hearing with a cochlear implant. In deaf individuals, SGNs progressively degenerate due to the lack of neurotrophic support, normally provided by sensory cells of the inner ear. Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are known to produce neurotrophic factors. In a guinea pig model of sensory hearing loss and co...
Source: NeuroReport - May 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Degeneration and Repair Source Type: research
Continuous theta-burst stimulation over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex impairs visuospatial working memory performance in medium load task
Previous studies have shown that visuospatial working memory (VSWM) plays a key role in the encoding and processing of visuospatial information. More importantly, there is evidence suggesting the role of frontal and parietal cortical areas in VSWM and especially, the influence of the frontal cortex in regulating goal-directed behavior. However, the functional role of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) in visuospatial working memory is still unclear. Here, we noninvasively modulated the rDLPFC activity using continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS), with the vertex as the control site. Our study aimed to inv...
Source: NeuroReport - May 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research
Cigarette craving modulation is more feasible than resistance modulation for heavy cigarette smokers: empirical evidence from functional MRI data
Background
Modulation of cigarette craving and neuronal activations from nicotine-dependent cigarette smokers using real-time functional MRI (rtfMRI)-based neurofeedback (rtfMRI-NF) has been previously reported.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of rtfMRI-NF training in reducing cigarette cravings using fMRI data acquired before and after training.
Methods
Treatment-seeking male heavy cigarette smokers (N = 14) were enrolled and randomly assigned to two conditions related to rtfMRI-NF training aiming at resisting the urge to smoke. In one condition, subjects underwent conve...
Source: NeuroReport - May 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research
Salvianolic acid B protects against MPP+-induced neuronal injury via repressing oxidative stress and restoring mitochondrial function
In conclusion, these in-vitro findings, for the first time, demonstrate that SalB offers protection against MPP+-induced neuronal injury via upregulating sirtuin3 expression and activating the AMPK signaling to restore mitochondrial function. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - May 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
High mobility group box 1 is involved in the pathogenesis of passive transfer myasthenia gravis model
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease with autoantibodies against the mainly nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR). High mobility group box1 (HMGB1) acts as a danger signal and drives the pathogenesis of autoimmune-mediated diseases. However, the role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of MG is not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed serum levels of HMGB1 and immunohistochemical HMGB1 staining of muscle tissues in the passive transfer MG model to investigate the role of HMGB1 in MG. As a result, serum HMGB1 levels tended to be higher and the quantitative score of muscle pathology showed greater HM...
Source: NeuroReport - May 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Differences in the antinociceptive effects of serotonin–noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors via sodium channel blockade using the veratrine test in mice
Antidepressants exert their analgesic effects by inhibiting the reuptake of noradrenaline. Several antidepressants have been shown to block the sodium channels, which might contribute to their analgesic potency. The aim of this study was to determine whether serotonin–noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) could produce antinociceptive effects via sodium channel blockade using the veratrine test in mice. Furthermore, the effects of these agents on the veratrine test were examined to elucidate the effects of several antidepressants and tramadol on sodium channels. The administration of duloxetine (10 mg/kg) and venlafa...
Source: NeuroReport - May 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Vagus nerve stimulation affects inflammatory response and anti-apoptosis reactions via regulating miR-210 in epilepsy rat model
Background
Studies have shown that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) significantly reduces the frequency of seizures. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in cerebrospinal fluid are expected to become a new biomarker of epilepsy. Therefore, studying the interaction mechanism between the VNS and miRNAs is hopeful of bringing a new therapeutic direction for the treatment of epilepsy.
Methods
Kainic acid was used to induce the Sprague–Dawley rat epilepsy model, and the rats were treated with VNS. The miR-210 expression was determined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Racine score was adopted to evaluate the performa...
Source: NeuroReport - May 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Evidence for residual SARS-CoV-2 in glioblastoma tissue of a convalescent patient
Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) swept all over the world, several studies have shown the susceptibility of a patient with cancer to COVID-19. In this case, the removed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)-adjacent (GBM-A), GBM-peritumor and GBM-central (GBM-C) tissues from a convalescent patient of COVID-19, who also suffered from glioblastoma meanwhile, together with GBM-A and GBM tissues from a patient without COVID-19 history as negative controls, were used for RNA ISH, electron microscopy observing and immunohistochemical staining of ACE2 and the virus antigen (N protein). The results of RNA ISH, electron microscopy...
Source: NeuroReport - May 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Expression of the hippocampal PTCH during early abstinence is associated with drinking patterns in a rat model of voluntary alcohol intake
Perinatal alcohol exposure induces fetal alcohol syndrome partially through Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) impairment; however, the relationship between SHH signaling cascade and alcohol drinking pattern in adulthood remains obscure. We studied the expression of SHH and components of respective signaling cascade [PTCH receptor (Patched), SMO co-receptor (Smoothened) and downstream transcriptional factor Glioma-associated oncogene (GLI)] during early abstinence in brain regions of rats demonstrating different drinking patterns in intermittent access two-bottle choice paradigm (IA2BC). Male Wistar rats were subjected to twenty 24-h se...
Source: NeuroReport - May 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
