Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identifies specific modules and hub genes related to Parkinson’s disease
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that SLC18A2, GRIN1 and GRIN2D may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - August 16, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Quantitative evaluation of brain volumes in drug-free major depressive disorder using MRI-Cloud method
Conclusion
Our study gives a strong message that depression is associated with altered structural brain volumes, especially, in drug-free and first-episode MDD patients who present with similar duration and severity of depression while the role of demographic and comorbid risk factors should not be neglected. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - July 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
Aberrant cerebral intrinsic activity and cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity in right temporal lobe epilepsy: a resting-state functional MRI study
Conclusion
This study demonstrated aberrant intrinsic cerebral activity and functional connectivity in the whole brain network, which may act as responsible and compensatory factors in attention deficits, especially further profoundly illuminated the compensatory role of cerebellum in patients with rTLE. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - July 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research
Neural response during temporal – and spatial luminance contrast processing and its manifestation in the blood-oxygen-level-dependent-signal in striate and extra-striate cortex
The primate visual system has been the prime site for investigating the relationship between stimulus property, neural response and blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD)-signal; yet this relationship remains ill-understood. Electrophysiological studies have shown that the ability to visualise a neural response is determined by stimulus property and presentation paradigm. The neural response in the human visual cortex consists of a phasic response processing temporal and tonic response processing spatial luminance contrast. We investigated their influence on the BOLD signal from the visual cortex. To do so, we compared BOLD s...
Source: NeuroReport - July 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research
Neuroprotection against 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced cytotoxicity by naturally occurring polydatin through activation of transcription factor MEF2D
Polydatin is the major active ingredient of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. Et Zucc. A recent study indicated that polydatin could protect against substantia nigra dopaminergic degeneration in rodent models associated with Parkinson’s disease. However, mechanisms that underlie the neuroprotection of polydatin have not been fully elucidated. In the current study, the neuroprotective effects and detailed mechanisms of action of polydatin were investigated in Parkinson’s disease-related cellular models. Polydatin dose- and time-dependently prevented neurotoxicity caused by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) in primary cere...
Source: NeuroReport - July 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Inhibition of CAMK II modulates water permeability by reducing AQP4 expression in astrocytes after oxygen-glucose deprivation
The predominant form of edema that occurs during the early stage of ischemic stroke is cytotoxic, resulting in neuronal injury during brain ischemia and reperfusion. Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) is elevated following brain ischemia leading to increased cell membrane permeability. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II), the downstream molecular signal of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), is sensitive to elevations in intracellular Ca2+. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), which is expressed primarily in the brain, is a water-transport protein. However, it is unclear whether CaMK II regulates AQP4 expression to modulat...
Source: NeuroReport - July 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Involvement of 5-HT1A receptor-mediated histone acetylation in the regulation of depression
Depression is one of the most common and disabling mental disorders. There is growing evidence that 5-HT1A receptor is involved in the regulation of depressive-related behaviors. However, the exact mechanism underlying the role of 5-HT1A receptor in depression remains unknown. Histone acetylation is associated with the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. In the current study, we investigated whether the epigenetic histone deacetylase (HDAC)-induced histone acetylation mediates the regulation of 5-HT1A receptor in depressive behaviors. We showed that 5-HT1A receptor selective agonist (±)−8-hydroxy-2-(dipropylami...
Source: NeuroReport - July 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
The impact of thiamine deficiency and benfotiamine treatment on Nod-like receptor protein-3 inflammasome in microglia
In this study, we found that NLRP3 inflammasomes were significantly activated in the microglia of thiamine deficiency mice model. In contrast, benfotiamine dampened inflammation NLRP3 mediated in BV2 cells stimulated with LPS and ATP through reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels and mitigating autophagy flux defect. These data identify an important role of thiamine metabolism in NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and correcting thiamine metabolism through benfotiamine provides a new therapeutic strategy for NLRP3 inflammasome related neurological, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - July 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Spatiotemporal expression of Rap1 and Ras mediates the acquisition and reinstatement of methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in mice via extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation
Drug addiction is a chronic recurrent brain disease characterized by compulsive drug use and a high tendency to relapse. We previously reported that the Ras-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-ΔFosB pathway in the caudate putamen (CPu) was involved in methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization. Rap1, as an antagonist of Ras originally, was found to participate in neuronal synaptic plasticity recently, but the role of Rap1 in methamphetamine addiction is unclear. First, in this study, we constructed the acquisition, extinction and reinstatement of methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in ...
Source: NeuroReport - July 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
MicroRNA-488 inhibits neural inflammation and apoptosis in spinal cord injury through restraint on the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway
Conclusion
MiR-488 inhibited neural inflammation and apoptosis in SCI via its binding with HMGB1-mediated restraint on the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - July 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
SIRT2 inhibition exacerbates p53-mediated ferroptosis in mice following experimental traumatic brain injury
Conclusions
These findings indicate that p53-mediated ferroptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of TBI. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SIRT2 exerts a neuroprotective effect against TBI by suppressing p53-mediated ferroptosis. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - July 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
LB100 attenuates methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization by inhibiting the Raf1-ERK 1/2 cascade in the caudate putamen
In this study, LB100, a PP2A inhibitor for treating solid tumors, was first used to clarify the relationship between PP2A and ERK 1/2. In addition, Western blot was used to examine the levels of p-Raf1 (Ser 259) and p-ERK 1/2 (Thr 202/Tyr 204) in the CPu, hippocampus (Hip) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Our results showed that 2 mg/kg LB100 significantly attenuated METH-induced behavioral sensitization. Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed that pretreatment with 2 mg/kg LB100 remarkably reversed METH-induced reduction of p-Raf1, as well as upregulation of p-ERK 1/2 in the CPu. Taken together, these results indicate th...
Source: NeuroReport - July 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
The possible role of biochanin A in ameliorating endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced leptin resistance
Leptin plays an important role in energy intake and body weight homeostasis. Leptin is secreted mainly from white adipose tissue and circulates in the bloodstream, inhibiting food intake by activating the leptin receptor expressed on hypothalamic neurons. Recent studies have demonstrated leptin resistance as the main factor involved in the development of obesity. We and others have reported that leptin resistance is caused by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to the accumulation of unfolded protein in the ER. In the present study, we investigated whether isoflavones could affect ER stress and the subsequent development...
Source: NeuroReport - July 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
All-trans retinoic acid reduces mammalian target of rapamycin via a Sirtuin1-dependent mechanism in neurons
Neuroinflammation has emerged as a key contributor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of metabolism, cell growth and protein synthesis. And an elevated mTOR activity has been detected in AD-affected brain areas. Previous studies have suggested that all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) and rapamycin (RAPA), an mTOR inhibitor, protect lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuronal inflammation through inhibiting nuclear import of NFκB. The aim of this study was to test the effects of atRA on mTOR expression. Here we discovered that mTOR and p-mTOR expression are e...
Source: NeuroReport - July 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Long noncoding RNA differentiation antagonizing nonprotein coding RNA promotes the proliferation, invasion and migration of neuroblastoma cells via targeting β-1, 4-galactosyltransferase III by sponging miR-338-3p
Neuroblastoma is a common malignant tumor in children, and patients often have a poor prognosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of neuroblastoma progression. However, the regulatory effect of lncRNA differentiation antagonizing nonprotein coding RNA (DANCR) on neuroblastoma is still not clear. The expression levels of DANCR, miR-338-3p and β-1, 4-galactosyltransferase III (B4GALT3) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2 thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide, flow cytometry and transwell assays were used to evaluate the proliferation, apoptosis, migration ...
Source: NeuroReport - July 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
