Alpha entrainment drives pain relief using visual stimulation in a sample of chronic pain patients: a proof-of-concept controlled study
This study explores whether (a) alpha entrainment increase alpha power in patients and (b) whether this increase in alpha correlates with analgesia. In total, 28 patients with chronic pain sat in a comfortable position and underwent 4-min visual stimulation using customised goggles at 10 Hz (alpha) and 7 Hz (control) frequency blocks in a randomised cross-over design. 64-channel electroencephalography and 11-point numeric rating scale pain intensity and pain unpleasantness scores were recorded before and after stimulation. Electroencephalography analysis revealed frontal alpha power was significantly higher when stimulatin...
Source: NeuroReport - March 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
Investigating the neural correlates of phonological encoding using a cluster-based analysis approach
Phonological encoding, a subprocess in speech production, proceeds incrementally from word onset to offset. However, the incremental nature of encoding for multisyllabic words is unclear, and limited research has examined neural activity underlying the seriality of the process. In the present study, we investigated the timing of encoding between and within syllables of bisyllabic words using a data-driven cluster-based analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) data. In a phoneme-monitoring task, young adults covertly named pictures of bisyllabic words with a prespecified target phoneme present or absent. Target phonemes in ...
Source: NeuroReport - March 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neural electrophysiological mechanism of joint hierarchical rule shifting: an event-related potential study
This study adopts a modified joint hierarchical rule shifting paradigm in which one actor judged the parity task and the other decided the magnitude task. Results demonstrated that cues in high- and low-shift conditions elicited larger P2 amplitudes and that low-shift had a larger P3 amplitude than high-shift. Results further indicated that participants required more attention resources to ascertain who would make a judgment for the current trial and that low hierarchical features were superior in reconfiguring changed rules. Regarding the target, the high-shift condition evoked smaller P2 and larger N2 amplitudes when com...
Source: NeuroReport - March 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
The role of the P2X4 receptor in trigeminal neuralgia, a common neurological disorder
Neurological disorders, which include various types of diseases with complex pathological mechanisms, are more common in the elderly and have shown increased prevalence, morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, current therapies for these diseases are usually suboptimal or have undesirable side effects. This necessitates the development of new potential targets for disease-modifying therapies. P2X4R, a type of purinergic receptor, has multiple roles in neurological disorders. In this review, we briefly introduce a neurological disorder, trigeminal neuralgia and its’ symptoms, etiology and pathology. Moreover, we...
Source: NeuroReport - March 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
High mobility group box 1 promotes the differentiation of spinal ependymal cells into astrocytes rather than neurons
In this study, we investigated whether HMGB1 released from reactive astrocytes after SCI regulates the proliferation and differentiation of ependymal cells in vitro. Ependymal cells extracted and cultured from the spinal cord of mice were separately treated with astrocyte culture medium (ACM), IL-1β, ACM (IL-1β) and the HMGB1 protein, and the proliferation and differentiation of ependymal cells were detected. Additionally, an HMGB1-neutralizing antibody (anti-HMGB1) was added to further verify the regulatory effect of HMGB1 on ependymal cells. The results showed that HMGB1 released from reactive astrocytes promoted epend...
Source: NeuroReport - March 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Deletion of MyD88 adaptor in nociceptor alleviates low-dose formalin-induced acute pain and persistent pain in mice
The myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) adaptor mediates signaling by Toll-like receptors and some interleukins (ILs) in neural and non-neuronal cells. Recently, MyD88 protein was found to express in primary sensory neurons and be involved in the maintenance of persistent pain induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant, chronic constriction injury and chemotherapy treatment in rodents. However, whether MyD88 in nociceptive neurons contributes to persistent pain induced by intraplantar injection of formalin remains elusive. Here, using conditional knockout (CKO) mice, we found that selective deletion of Myd88 in Nav1.8-e...
Source: NeuroReport - March 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Therapeutic effect of Cerebrolysin on reducing impaired cerebral endothelial cell permeability
Cerebrolysin has been shown to promote neurovascular protection and repair in preclinical models of stroke and neural injury and is demonstrating promise for stroke and neural injury therapeutic application in the clinic. The effect of Cerebrolysin on the human cerebral endothelial cell function has not been investigated. Using an in-vitro cerebral endothelial cell permeability assay and western blot analyses of tight junction and proinflammatory and procoagulant proteins, the present study showed that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and fibrin substantially impaired human cerebral endothelial cell barrier function and ...
Source: NeuroReport - March 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Long noncoding RNA H19 contributes to the proliferation and autophagy of glioma cells through mTOR/ULK1 pathway
In conclusion, we validate that H19 contributes to the proliferation and autophagy of glioma cells through the mTOR/ULK1 pathway. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - March 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Region-specific dysregulation of endocannabinoid system in learned helplessness model of depression
Researches have indicated that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a crucial role in pathophysiology of depressive disorder. However, both hypo- and hyperfunction of the ECS were reported in depressive patients or animal models of depression. We proposed that the dual functional changes of the ECS in depression might be due to its region-specific dysregulation. Therefore, we investigated the mRNA expression of genes coding for the components of the ECS in the key depression-associated brain regions of the mouse learned helplessness model of depression. We found that in the mPFC, mRNA of transient receptor potential vani...
Source: NeuroReport - March 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Effects of morphine preconditioning on TRPV1 sensitization and ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by TGFβ1 in neurocytes
This study aims to test whether pretreatment with morphine can ameliorate the increased activity of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) induced by transforming growth beta1 (TGFβ1) in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons as a model of the effects of cardiac ischemia on nociceptive primary afferent neurons.
Methods
To simulate the effect of MPC on dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons during myocardial IRI in vivo, the cells were pretreated with morphine for 10 min, followed by wash-out for 30 min before TGFβ1 was added. Afterwards, DRG neurons and N2a cells in all groups were stimulated by capsaicin,...
Source: NeuroReport - March 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Expression of fibroblast growth factor 9 and its receptors in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus in poststroke depression rats
Studies have found that fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) might have a negative effect in the psychiatric diseases, such as depression or anxiety, but its potential role in the pathophysiology of poststroke depression (PSD) remains uncertain. Here, we set out to investigate the expression changes of FGF9 and its receptors in PSD rats. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress was used to establish the PSD rat model. Then, the rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (sham-operation), MCAO, PSD and treated (fluoxetine injection by intraperitoneal). Weight measurement...
Source: NeuroReport - March 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
Mild hypothermia protects rat cortical neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury via the PI3K/Akt pathway
Ischemic stroke is the most frequent cause of long-term morbidity and mortality in the elderly worldwide. Mild hypothermia (32–35°C) has been found to have a neuroprotective effect against ischemic stroke. However, the protective mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we explore the neuroprotective effect of mild hypothermia in neuron-astrocyte cocultures by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) as well as the underlying mechanisms. Thionin staining was performed and cell viability, extracellular glutamate concentration and the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway-relate...
Source: NeuroReport - March 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Evaluation of the hippocampal immunoreactivity of the serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT2 and 5-HT7 receptors in a pilocarpine temporal lobe epilepsy rat model with fast ripples
Fast ripples (FRs) are found in the hippocampus of epileptic brains, and this fast electrical activity has been described as a biomarker of the epileptogenic process itself. Results from our laboratory, such as the observation of decreased seizure rates and FR incidence at a specific citalopram dose, have suggested that serotonin (5-HT) may play a key role in the FR generation process. Therefore, to gather more details about the state of the serotoninergic system in the hippocampus under an epileptogenic process, we studied the immunoreactivity of three 5-HT receptors (5-HT1A, 5-HT2 and 5-HT7) as well as the extracellular ...
Source: NeuroReport - March 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neuroprotective potential of fisetin in an experimental model of spinal cord injury: via modulation of NF-κB/IκBα pathway
Conclusion
Fisetin exerts neuroprotection via modulation of nuclear factor kappa B/nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-alpha pathway by inhibiting release of inflammatory mediators (inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-II), proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukins), apoptotic mediators (Bcl-2-associated X protein and caspase-3). (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - March 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Degeneration and Repair Source Type: research
Hippocampal D1—but not D2—like dopamine receptors modulate the phosphorylation of ERK in food deprivation-induced reinstatement of morphine in extinguished rats
Reinstatement to drug abuse is the most challenging issue in the treatment of addiction. Thus, knowledge of the involved neurobiological mechanisms of reinstatement is a fundamental necessity. There is substantial and crucial evidence that dopamine is implicated in motivational processes such as relapse. Our behavioral results reported that the administration of dopamine receptor antagonists inhibited reinstatement of morphine in food-deprived rats. Previous studies have indicated that the ERK pathway plays a critical role in the cellular responses to stress and reward. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to ev...
Source: NeuroReport - March 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research
