CRISPR/Cas9 from bench to bedside: what clinicians need to know before application?
AbstractIn October 2020, Dr. Emmanuelle Charpentier and Dr. Jennifer Doudna won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their pioneering work in precise genome editing using the CRISPR technology. Although CRISPR technology has developed rapidly in the last decade, there are still many uncertainties before eventual use in clinical settings. In this mini review, we summarize the current efforts in addressing the limitations of CRISPR technology and future directions. (Source: Military Medical Research)
Source: Military Medical Research - December 8, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae at a military academy
AbstractIn 2019, an outbreak ofMycoplasma pneumoniae occurred at a military academy in China. The attack rate (10.08%,60/595) was significantly different among the units. High-intensity training and crowded environments to which cadets are exposed are the high risk factors for the outbreak ofM. pneumoniae. In-time prevention and control measures effectively controlled the spread of the epidemic. (Source: Military Medical Research)
Source: Military Medical Research - December 3, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Hepatitis C: milestones from discovery to clinical cure
AbstractOn October 5th, 2020, Drs. Harvey J. Alter, Michael Houghton and Charles M. Rice were rewarded with Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for “the discovery of hepatitis C virus (HCV)”. During the past 50 years, remarkable achievements have been made in treatment of HCV infection: it has changed from being a life-threatening chronic disease to being curable. In this commentary, we briefly summarized the milestone events in the “sc ientific journey” from the first report of non-A, non-B hepatitis and discovery of the pathogen (HCV) to final identification of efficacious direct-acting antivirals. Further, w...
Source: Military Medical Research - December 1, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Methods for improving thermal tolerance in military personnel prior to deployment
AbstractAcute exposure to heat, such as that experienced by people arriving into a hotter or more humid environment, can compromise physical and cognitive performance as well as health. In military contexts heat stress is exacerbated by the combination of protective clothing, carried loads, and unique activity profiles, making them susceptible to heat illnesses. As the operational environment is dynamic and unpredictable, strategies to minimize the effects of heat should be planned and conducted prior to deployment. This review explores how heat acclimation (HA) prior to deployment may attenuate the effects of heat by init...
Source: Military Medical Research - November 29, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Characteristics of cytokines in the sciatic nerve stumps and DRGs after rat sciatic nerve crush injury
ConclusionsIn summary, these findings provide an overview of the dynamic changes in cytokines in the SNs and DRGs at different time points after nerve crush injury in rats, elucidate the biological processes of differentially expressed cytokines, especially the important roles in inflammatory and immune responses after peripheral nerve injury, and thus might contribute to the identification of potential treatments for peripheral nerve repair and regeneration. (Source: Military Medical Research)
Source: Military Medical Research - November 23, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Effects and mechanism of platelet-rich plasma on military drill injury: a review
AbstractMilitary drill injury is a significant part of military medical research. The increase of training intensity and changes in training methods lead to differences in injury types. The ideal therapeutic modality should allow rapid healing at a reasonable cost and minimize impact on patients ’ life. Platelet -rich plasma (PRP), a platelet concentrate, is rich in a variety of growth factors and widely used clinically as a minimally invasive treatment. It plays an important role in injury repair and rehabilitation. In this article, we review the therapeutic role of PRP in military drill injury and its possible underlyi...
Source: Military Medical Research - November 22, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Effects of different plasma expanders on rats subjected to severe acute normovolemic hemodilution
ConclusionGel had a low intrinsic viscosity but may increase the whole blood viscosity at low shear rates. Rh and COP showed a strong correlation among hydroxyethyl starch plasma expanders. Dex40 showed a worse outcome in maintaining the acid-base balance and systemic oxygenation compared to the other plasma expanders. During the process of ANH, Dex40 displayed a V-shaped recovery pattern for blood pressure, and HES200 had the advantage in sustaining the DBP and MAP at some time points. (Source: Military Medical Research)
Source: Military Medical Research - November 11, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Biodegradable materials for bone defect repair
AbstractCompared with non-degradable materials, biodegradable biomaterials play an increasingly important role in the repairing of severe bone defects, and have attracted extensive attention from researchers. In the treatment of bone defects, scaffolds made of biodegradable materials can provide a crawling bridge for new bone tissue in the gap and a platform for cells and growth factors to play a physiological role, which will eventually be degraded and absorbed in the body and be replaced by the new bone tissue. Traditional biodegradable materials include polymers, ceramics and metals, which have been used in bone defect ...
Source: Military Medical Research - November 10, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Association between physiological responses after exercise at low altitude and acute mountain sickness upon ascent is sex-dependent
ConclusionsLarger SpO2 reduction after exercise at low altitude was an independent risk for AMS upon ascent. Such an association was more robust in men than in women.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registration,ChiCTR1900025728. Registered 6 September 2019. (Source: Military Medical Research)
Source: Military Medical Research - November 5, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Direct conversion of human fibroblasts into dopaminergic neuron-like cells using small molecules and protein factors
ConclusionWe developed a chemical cocktail of small molecules and protein factors to convert human fibroblasts into DA neuron-like cells without passing through a neural progenitor/stem cell intermediate stage. The induced DA neuron-like cells from human fibroblasts might provide a cellular source for cell-based therapy of Parkinson ’s disease in the future. (Source: Military Medical Research)
Source: Military Medical Research - November 1, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Soft tissue coverage using pedicled flap in combat zone: a case series
ConclusionsSoft tissue defect can be managed with simple pedicled flaps in theatre of operations if needed. Basic reconstructive procedures should be part of the training for military orthopedic surgeons.Trial registrationRetrospectively registered in January 2019 (2019-0901-001). (Source: Military Medical Research)
Source: Military Medical Research - October 24, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Extremity soft tissue coverage in the combat zone: use of pedicled flap transfers by the deployed orthopedic surgeon
ConclusionsSatisfying results can be achieved by simple pedicled flaps performed by orthopedic surgeons deployed in forward surgical units. Most complications were related to failure of bone infection treatment. The teaching of such basic reconstructive procedures should be part of the training for any military orthopedic surgeon.Trial registrationRetrospectively registered on January 2019 (n °2019–090 1-001). (Source: Military Medical Research)
Source: Military Medical Research - October 24, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Correction to: Preliminary evaluation of the Vision PERformance (VIPER) simulator
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article. (Source: Military Medical Research)
Source: Military Medical Research - October 18, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Coronaviruses and gastrointestinal diseases
AbstractThe effects of coronaviruses on the respiratory system are of great concern, but their effects on the digestive system receive much less attention. Coronaviruses that infect mammals have shown gastrointestinal pathogenicity and caused symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting. Available data have shown that human coronaviruses, including the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2, mainly infect the respiratory system and cause symptoms such as cough and fever, while they may generate gastrointestinal symptoms. However, there is little about the relation between coronavirus and digestive system. This review specifically addresses th...
Source: Military Medical Research - October 14, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Re-expression of DIRAS3 and p53 induces apoptosis and impaired autophagy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
ConclusionsThe concurrent re-expression of DIRAS3 and p53 is a more effective approach to HNSCC treatment than current treatment strategies. (Source: Military Medical Research)
Source: Military Medical Research - October 11, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
