Hounsfield's Legacy
Computed tomography (CT) has evolved over decades, offering superb morphologic imaging with isotropic resolution at rapid acquisition times. The latest developments in hardware, such as photon-counting and ultrahigh-resolution detectors, together with breakthroughs in software technology have further improved spatial and temporal resolution while steadily reducing radiation exposure. These achievements enable CT for functional imaging and make high-quality imaging more accessible through workflow automation. Radiomics, integrated diagnostics, and data science will further push CT applications beyond their current limits. (...
Source: Investigative Radiology - August 14, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
The Future of Computed Tomography: Personalized, Functional, and Precise
Modern medicine cannot be imagined without the diagnostic capabilities of computed tomography (CT). Although the past decade witnessed a tremendous increase in scan speed, volume coverage, and temporal resolution, along with a considerable reduction of radiation dose, current trends in CT aim toward more patient-centric, tailored imaging approaches that deliver diagnostic information being personalized to each individual patient. Functional CT with dual-and multienergy, as well as dynamic, perfusion imaging became clinical reality and will further prosper in the near future, and upcoming photon-counting detectors will deli...
Source: Investigative Radiology - August 14, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Technological Advances of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Today's Healthcare Environment
Are we reacting adequately to a constantly changing clinical and scientific environment, regarding our patients, the economy, or new technologies, such as artificial intelligence? The authors of this review article have identified 3 major challenges regarding the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in our clinical practice today and tomorrow: (1) the need for faster acquisitions, optimized workflows, and higher patient throughput, making MRI broadly available and applicable, also under the light of rising economic pressure; (2) adaptation to the demographic change, tailoring protocols, and procedures to the needs of an...
Source: Investigative Radiology - August 14, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Technological Advances of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Today's Health Care Environment
Today's health care environment is shifting rapidly, driven by demographic change and high economic pressures on the system. Furthermore, modern precision medicine requires highly accurate and specific disease diagnostics in a short amount of time. Future imaging technology must adapt to these challenges. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - August 14, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
In Vivo Quantification of Water Diffusion, Stiffness, and Tissue Fluidity in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer
Objectives
Water diffusion, tissue stiffness, and viscosity characterize the biophysical behavior of tumors. However, little is known about how these parameters correlate in prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, we paired tomoelastography of the prostate with diffusion-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging for the quantitative mapping of biophysical parameters in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and PCa.
Materials and Methods
Multifrequency magnetic resonance imaging elastography with tomoelastography processing was performed at 60, 70, and 80 Hz using externally placed compressed-air drivers. Shear-wave speed (SWS) and ...
Source: Investigative Radiology - July 30, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Lesion Detectability and Radiation Dose in Spiral Breast CT With Photon-Counting Detector Technology: A Phantom Study
Conclusions
Optimizing tube current of spiral breast CT according to the breast size enables the visualization of microcalcifications as small as 196 μm while keeping dose values in the range of conventional mammography. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - July 30, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Influence of MRI Examinations on Animal Welfare and Study Results
Conclusions
Repeated MRI did not influence the welfare of mice and did not affect tumor growth and therapy response of 4T1 tumors. However, systemic immunological effects of isoflurane anesthesia need to be considered to prevent potential bias. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - July 30, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Deep Convolutional Neural Network–Based Diagnosis of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears: Performance Comparison of Homogenous Versus Heterogeneous Knee MRI Cohorts With Different Pulse Sequence Protocols and 1.5-T and 3-T Magnetic Field Strengths
Objectives
The aim of this study was to clinically validate a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) for the detection of surgically proven anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in a large patient cohort and to analyze the effect of magnetic resonance examinations from different institutions, varying protocols, and field strengths.
Materials and Methods
After ethics committee approval, this retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed on 512 consecutive subjects, who underwent knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a total of 59 different institutions followed by arthroscopic knee surgery ...
Source: Investigative Radiology - July 30, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
X-ray Dark-Field Radiography: Potential for Visualization of Monosodium Urate Deposition
Conclusions
X-ray dark-field radiography enables the detection of MSU crystals in a mouse-based gout model. The simultaneous avaliability of a conventional attenuation image together with the dark-field image provides excellent detection rates of gout deposits with high specificity. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - July 30, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Super-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Knee Using 2-Dimensional Turbo Spin Echo Imaging
Conclusions
We demonstrate the technical feasibility of SRR for high-resolution isotropic knee MRI. Our SRR results show superior image quality in terms of edge blurring, but lower image contrast and fluid brightness when compared with conventional 3D SPACE acquisitions. Further contrast optimization and shortening of the acquisition time with state-of-the-art acceleration techniques are necessary for future clinical validation of SRR knee MRI. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - July 30, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Is Small Fiber Neuropathy Induced by Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents?
Objectives
In recent years, complaints of patients about burning pain in arms and legs after the injection of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have been reported. In the current study, we investigated changes of small fibers in the epidermis as a potential cause of the patient complaints in a mouse model.
Methods
Six groups of 8 mice were intravenously injected with either a macrocyclic GBCA (gadoteridol, gadoterate meglumine, gadobutrol), a linear GBCA (gadodiamide or gadobenate dimeglumine) (1 mmol/kg body weight), or saline (NaCl 0.9%). Four weeks after injection, animals were euthanized, and footpads were ...
Source: Investigative Radiology - July 30, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
In Vivo Aortic Magnetic Resonance Elastography in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Validation in an Animal Model
This study aims to evaluate noninvasive in vivo aortic MRE-derived stiffness in an AAA porcine model and investigate the relationships between MRE-derived AAA stiffness and (1) histopathology, (2) uniaxial tensile test, and (3) burst testing for assessing MRE's potential in evaluating AAA rupture risk.
Materials and Methods
Abdominal aortic aneurysm was induced in 31 Yorkshire pigs (n = 226 stiffness measurements). Animals were randomly divided into 3 cohorts: 2-week, 4-week, and 4-week-burst. Aortic MRE was sequentially performed. Histopathologic analyses were performed to quantify elastin, collagen, and mineral densit...
Source: Investigative Radiology - June 11, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Quantification of Avoidable Radiation Exposure in Interventional Fluoroscopy With Eye Tracking Technology
This study included 30 cardiovascular interventions performed by 5 different operators. A significant percentage of the administered radiation (mean [SD], 43.5% [12.6%]) was avoidable (t29 = 18.86, P (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - June 11, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Steady-State Multifrequency Magnetic Resonance Elastography of the Thoracic and Abdominal Human Aorta—Validation and Reference Values
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of stroboscopic-wavefield-sampling-based multifrequency magnetic resonance elastography (sMRE) for quantifying the stiffness of the human thoracic and abdominal aorta in vivo.
Materials and Methods
The sMRE of the thoracic and abdominal aorta was performed at 1.5 T field strength in 20 healthy volunteers aged 27 to 77 years (3 women; median age, 33 years; interquartile range [IQR], 16 years). Compound maps of shear wave speed (SWS) were reconstructed and evaluated during the diastolic phase in 3 anatomical regions: ascending thoracic aorta (AA), descend...
Source: Investigative Radiology - June 11, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Novel Magnetic Resonance Late Gadolinium Enhancement With Fixed Short Inversion Time in Ischemic Myocardial Scars
Conclusions
Short LGE is a fast, single breath-hold 3D LGE sequence with no need for myocardial nulling due to fixed inversion time with improved scar visibility, especially in subendocardial infarcts. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - June 11, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
