Transient Severe Motion Artifact on Arterial Phase in Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced Liver Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Objectives The aims of this study were to determine the incidence of transient severe motion artifact (TSM) on arterial phase gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the liver and to investigate the causes of heterogeneity in the published literature. Materials and Methods Original studies reporting the incidence of TSM were identified in searches of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. The pooled incidence of TSM was calculated using random-effects meta-analysis of single proportions. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore causes of heterogeneity. Results A total of 24 studi...
Source: Investigative Radiology - December 17, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Virtual Unenhanced Images: Qualitative and Quantitative Comparison Between Different Dual-Energy CT Scanners in a Patient and Phantom Study
Objectives Materials and Methods Forty-four patients with clinical contrast-enhanced abdominal examinations on each of the 3 DECT scanner types and a phantom scanned with the same protocols were included in this retrospective study. Qualitative and quantitative assessment was performed on VUE images. Quantitative evaluation included measurement of attenuation and image noise for various tissues and the phantom. Virtual unenhanced image attenuation and noise were compared between scanner types, and intrapatient interscanner reproducibility of virtual unenhanced image attenuation was calculated as the percentage of m...
Source: Investigative Radiology - December 17, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting in Neonates: Quantifying Regional Difference and Maturation in the Brain
Objectives Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) allows the simultaneous measurement of multiple tissue properties in a single acquisition. Three-dimensional (3D) MRF with high spatial resolution can be used for neonatal brain imaging. The aim of this study is to apply 3D MRF to neonates and show regional differences and maturation in the brain. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, 3D MRF using hybrid radial-interleaved acquisition was performed on phantoms and neonates from December 2019 to October 2020. For the reconstruction of 3D MRF, singular value decomposition was applied to reduce reconstru...
Source: Investigative Radiology - December 17, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Whole-body Composition Profiling Using a Deep Learning Algorithm: Influence of Different Acquisition Parameters on Algorithm Performance and Robustness
Conclusions Body composition profiling from wbMRI by using a deep learning–based convolutional neuronal network algorithm for automated segmentation of body compartments is generally possible. First results indicate that robust and reproducible segmentations equally accurate to a manual expert may be expected also for a range of different acquisition parameters. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - December 17, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Diagnostic Performance of 9 Quantitative Ultrasound Parameters for Detection and Classification of Hepatic Steatosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters based on radiofrequency raw data show promise in quantifying liver fat. Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of 9 QUS parameters compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–estimated proton density fat fraction (PDFF) in detecting and staging hepatic steatosis in patients with or suspected of NAFLD. Materials and Methods In this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act–compliant institutional review boardâ€...
Source: Investigative Radiology - December 17, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring: Toward a New Standard
Conclusions On state-of-the-art CT systems of 4 different vendors, a 25% reduced dose, thin-slice calcium scoring protocol led to improved intrascanner and interscanner reproducibility and increased detectability of small and low-density calcifications in this phantom. The protocol should be extensively validated before clinical use, but it could potentially improve clinical interscanner/interinstitutional reproducibility and enable more consistent risk assessment and treatment strategies. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - December 17, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

The Clinical Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging According to Field Strength, Specifically Addressing the Breadth of Current State-of-the-Art Systems, Which Include 0.55 T, 1.5 T, 3 T, and 7 T
This review provides a balanced perspective regarding the clinical utility of magnetic resonance systems across the range of field strengths for which current state-of-the-art units exist (0.55 T, 1.5 T, 3 T, and 7 T). Guidance regarding this issue is critical to appropriate purchasing, usage, and further dissemination of this important imaging modality, both in the industrial world and in developing nations. The review serves to provide an important update, although to a large extent this information has never previously been openly presented. In that sense, it serves also as a position paper, with statements and recommen...
Source: Investigative Radiology - December 17, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

A Pilot Study of Multidimensional Diffusion MRI for Assessment of Tissue Heterogeneity in Prostate Cancer
The objectives of this exploratory study were to investigate the feasibility of multidimensional diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MddMRI) in assessing diffusion heterogeneity at both a macroscopic and microscopic level in prostate cancer (PCa). Materials and Methods Informed consent was obtained from 46 subjects who underwent 3.0-T prostate multiparametric MRI, complemented with a prototype spin echo–based MddMRI sequence in this institutional review board–approved study. Prostate cancer tumors and comparative normal tissue from each patient were contoured on both apparent diffusion coefficient and MddMRI-d...
Source: Investigative Radiology - November 10, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Real-Time Deformability Cytometry Detects Leukocyte Stiffening After Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent Exposure
Objectives Reports on gadolinium (Gd) retention in soft tissues after administration of Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs) raise concerns about Gd-induced changes in the biophysical properties of cells and tissues. Here, we investigate if clinical GBCAs of both classes of linear and macrocyclic structure cause changes in the mechanical properties of leukocytes in human blood samples. Material and Methods Real-time deformability cytometry was applied to human blood samples from 6 donors. The samples were treated with 1 mM gadoteric acid (Dotarem), gadopentetic acid (Magnevist), gadobutrol (Gadovist), or Gd trichlor...
Source: Investigative Radiology - November 10, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Safety and Gadolinium Distribution of the New High-Relaxivity Gadolinium Chelate Gadopiclenol in a Rat Model of Severe Renal Failure
Conclusions No evidence of biochemical toxicity or pathological abnormalities of the skin was observed, and similar to other macrocyclic GBCAs, gadoterate and gadobutrol, tissue retention of Gd was found to be low (except in the liver) in renally impaired rats treated with the new high-relaxivity GBCA gadopiclenol. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - November 10, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

The Discriminative Power and Stability of Radiomics Features With Computed Tomography Variations: Task-Based Analysis in an Anthropomorphic 3D-Printed CT Phantom
Conclusions The differences in radiomics feature values obtained from different types of liver tissue are generally greater than the intraclass differences resulting from CT parameter variations. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - November 10, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Phase2Phase: Respiratory Motion-Resolved Reconstruction of Free-Breathing Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Deep Learning Without a Ground Truth for Improved Liver Imaging
This study aimed to develop a network that can be trained without this requirement. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was conducted on 33 participants enrolled between November 2016 and June 2019. Free-breathing magnetic resonance imaging was performed using a radial acquisition. Self-navigation was used to bin the k-space data into 10 respiratory phases. To simulate short acquisitions, subsets of radial spokes were used in reconstructing images with multicoil nonuniform fast Fourier transform (MCNUFFT), compressed sensing (CS), and 2 deep learning methods: UNet3DPhase and Phase2Phase (P2P). UNet3DPhase...
Source: Investigative Radiology - November 10, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Fully Automatic Deep Learning in Bi-institutional Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Effects of Cohort Size and Heterogeneity
Background The potential of deep learning to support radiologist prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) interpretation has been demonstrated. Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of increased and diversified training data (TD) on deep learning performance for detection and segmentation of clinically significant prostate cancer–suspicious lesions. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, biparametric (T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted) prostate MRI acquired with multiple 1.5-T and 3.0-T MRI scanners in consecutive men was used for training and testing of prostate segmen...
Source: Investigative Radiology - November 10, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Realistic Kidney Tissue Surrogates for Multienergy Computed Tomography—Feasibility and Estimation of Energy-Dependent Attenuation Thresholds for Renal Lesion Enhancement in Low-kV and Virtual Monoenergetic Imaging
Conclusions Kidney tissue surrogates more accurately emulate the energy-dependent CT attenuation characteristics of renal parenchyma for multienergy CT compared with conventional water-iodine approaches. Energy-dependent thresholds for definite lesion enhancement could facilitate lesion characterization when imaging at different energies than the traditional 120 kVp. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - November 10, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Image Quality Assessment for Clinical Cadmium Telluride-Based Photon-Counting Computed Tomography Detector in Cadaveric Wrist Imaging
This study aims to evaluate the imaging performance of a CT system with clinical cadmium telluride-based photon-counting detector (PCD-CT) compared with a third-generation dual-source CT scanner with energy-integrating detector technology (EID-CT). Materials and Methods Both CT systems were used for the examination of 8 cadaveric wrists with radiation dose equivalent scan protocols (low-/standard-/full-dose imaging: CTDIvol = 1.50/5.80/8.67 mGy). All wrists were scanned with 2 different operating modes of the photon-counting CT (standard-resolution and ultra-high-resolution). After reformatting with comparable recon...
Source: Investigative Radiology - November 10, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research